Dust Acoustic Shock Research Articles

Shock wave solution in a hot adiabatic dusty plasma having negative and positive non-thermal ions with trapped electrons

In this report an investigation of the properties of a dust acoustic (DA) shock wave propagating in an adiabatic dusty plasma, including the effect of the negative-ion-rich non-thermal ions and trapped electrons, is presented. The reductive perturbation method is employed to derive the modified Burgers equation and a new form of the lower-order nonlinear modified Burgers equation for DA shock waves in a homogeneous, unmagnetized and collisionless plasma whose constituents are electrons, singly-charged positive ions, singly-charged negative ions and massive, charged dust particles. The stationary analytical solution of the Burgers equation and the new analytical solution of the lower-order nonlinear modified Burgers equation are numerically analyzed, and the effects of various dusty plasma constituents on the DA shock wave’s propagation are taken into account. Both positive and negative ions in the dusty plasma are observed to play a key role in the formation of both positive, as well as negative, DA shock waves, and the ion concentration can be used to control the transformation from negative to positive potentials of the waves.

Dust-Acoustic Shockwaves in Nonthermal Dusty Plasmas With Two Population Ions

A rigorous theoretical investigation has been made on dust-acoustic (DA) shock structures in an unmagnetized dusty plasma system whose constituents are negatively charged cold mobile dust fluid, electrons following Boltzmann distribution, and positively charged ions of two distinct temperatures following nonextensive ( $q$ ) and nonthermal distributions, respectively. In this paper, the Burgers’ equation has been derived by employing reductive perturbation technique which is valid for small but finite amplitude limit. It is observed that both the nonextensive and nonthermal ions of two distinct temperatures and dust kinematic viscosity significantly modify the basic properties (amplitudes, width, and polarities) of the DA shockwaves (DASHWs). The effects of low (high) temperature ions following nonextensive (nonthermal) and dust kinematic viscosity on DASHWs are examined both analytically and numerically. The implications of these results to some astrophysical environments and space plasmas (e.g., stellar polytropes, peculiar velocity distributions of galaxies, and collisionless thermal plasma), and laboratory dusty plasma systems are briefly mentioned.

Coexistence of DA shock and solitary waves in dusty plasmas with two-temperature-ions

The nonlinear propagation characteristics of cylindrical and spherical shock waves in an unmagnetized dusty plasma comprising of inertial negative dust, Boltzmann electrons, and ions with two distinct temperatures, are rigorously investigated by deriving the modified Burgers (mB) equation. Later, the nonplanar KdV-Burgers (nKdVB) equation is derived to show the presence of dispersive and dissipative effects on nonlinear waves. The standard reductive perturbation method is employed to derive the mB and nKdVB equations. The basic features of nonplanar dust-acoustic (DA) waves (viz. amplitude, profile structure, etc.) are discussed. The present analysis can play important role to understand the basic features of nonlinear electrostatic waves in astrophysical plasmas.

Dust Acoustic Shock Waves with Non-Thermal and Vortex-Like Ions in Dusty Plasma

A rigorous investigation is presented on the propagation characteristics of non-linear dust acoustic (DA) waves in an unmagnetized dusty plasma system containing non-thermal and vortex-like ions and Maxwellian electrons under the effect of a fluctuating charged dust fluid. The three-dimensional (3D) Burgers' equation and a new form of a lower degree modified 3D Burgers' equation with their analytical solutions are derived to study the features of shock waves in such plasmas. The effect of the population of non-thermal ions, the vortex-like ion parameter as well as the temperature ratios of ions and electrons on the evolution of shock waves in the presence of dust charge fluctuation is presented. This theoretical investigation might be effectively utilized to unveil the nature of many astrophysical plasma environments (Saturn's spokes etc.) where such plasmas are reported to have existed.

Shock Structures in Charge Variable Dusty Plasmas with Effect of Strongly Coupled Dust Particles

A theoretical investigation has been carried out to study the effect of strong electrostatic interaction on the dust acoustic shock structures in strongly coupled dusty plasma with dust charge fluctuations. The fluid approach is employed, in which the strong electrostatic interaction is modeled by effective electrostatic temperature. A Burger-like equation, the coefficients of which are significantly modified by effects of strong coupling and dust charge fluctuation, is derived. It is shown that the combined effects of dust charge fluctuation, the ion/electron temperature, the ion/electron population, and strong coupling effect modify the basic properties of the dust acoustic waves in such a strongly coupled dusty plasma. The results of this work are compared with those observed by some laboratory experiments.

Low-Frequency Electrostatic Shock Excitations in a Multi-Component Dusty Plasma

Dust-acoustic shock waves are investigated in a four-component plasma consisting of arbitrarily charged inertial dusts, Boltzmann distributed negatively charged heavy ions, positively charged light ions, and electrons. The reductive perturbation technique is employed in order to derive the nonlinear time evolution Burgers-type equation. The properties of dust-acoustic shock waves are analysed via the solution of Burgers equation. It is observed that the basic features of dust-acoustic shock waves are significantly modified due to the influence of arbitrarily charged dusts, Maxwellian electrons, number density and temperatures of heavier and lighter ions, and dust kinematic viscosity. Both polarity (positive and negative potential) shock waves are also found to exists in the plasma under consideration in this manuscript. The findings of this investigation may be used in understanding the dust-acoustic wave properties in both laboratory and space plasmas.

Analysis of Nonlinear Dust-Acoustic Shock Waves in an Unmagnetized Dusty Plasma with q-Nonextensive Electrons Where Dust Is Arbitrarily Charged Fluid

The nonlinear propagation of dust-acoustic (DA) shock waves in three-component unmagnetized dusty plasma consisting of nonextensive electrons, Maxwellian ions and arbitrarily charged mobile dust grain has been investigated. It is found that the presence of q-nonextensive electrons and ions can change the nonlinear behavior of shock wave. The standard reductive perturbation method is employed to study the basic features (phase speed, amplitude and width) of DA shock waves (DASWs) which are significantly modified by the presence of Maxwellian ions and nonextensive electrons. The present investigation can be very effective for understanding the nonlinear characteristics of the DASWs in space and laboratory dusty plasmas.

Effect of nonthermality fraction on dust acoustic growth rate in inhomogeneous viscous dusty plasmas

The properties of linear dust acoustic (DA) waves in inhomogeneous viscous dusty plasmas with non-thermal electrons and ions have been investigated. A linear dispersion relation is obtained with the non-adiabatic dust charge fluctuation and fraction of nonthermality of electron-ion. The dependence of frequency and the damping rate of waves on the nonthermality fraction and dust kinematic viscosity coefficient are discussed. To study the dust acoustic shock waves, KdV-Burgers (KdV-B) equation for homogeneous dissipative dusty plasma has been considered and solved by means of tanh method. The obtained solution is a particular combination of a solitary wave with a Burgers shock wave. The present results are useful in the context of space plasma.

Electrostatic Shock Structures in Nonextensive Plasma with Two Distinct Temperature Electrons

The nonlinear dynamics of the dust-acoustic shock waves in a dusty plasma containing negatively charged mobile dust, nonextensive electrons with two distinct temperatures, and Maxwellian ions have been investigated by deriving the Burgers equation. The normal mode analysis is used to examine the linear properties of dust-acoustic (DA) waves. It has been observed that the properties of the DA shock waves (SHWs) are significantly modified by nonextensivity of the electrons, electron temperature ratios, and the respective number densities of two species of electrons. A critical value of nonextensivity is found for which shock structures transit from positive to negative potential. The shock waves with positive and negative potential are obtained depending on the plasma parameters. The entailments of our results may be useful to understand the structures and the characteristics of DASHWs both in laboratory and astrophysical plasma systems.

Head-on collision of dust-acoustic shock waves in strongly coupled dusty plasmas

A theoretical investigation is carried out to study the propagation and the head-on collision of dust-acoustic (DA) shock waves in a strongly coupled dusty plasma consisting of negative dust fluid, Maxwellian distributed electrons and ions. Applying the extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo method, a couple of Korteweg–deVries–Burgers equations for describing DA shock waves are derived. This study is a first attempt to deduce the analytical phase shifts of DA shock waves after collision. The impacts of physical parameters such as the kinematic viscosity, the unperturbed electron-to-dust density ratio, parameter determining the effect of polarization force, the ion-to-electron temperature ratio, and the effective dust temperature-to-ion temperature ratio on the structure and the collision of DA shock waves are examined. In addition, the results reveal the increase of the strength and the steepness of DA shock waves as the above mentioned parameters increase, which in turn leads to the increase of the phase shifts of DA shock waves after collision. The present model may be useful to describe the structure and the collision of DA shock waves in space and laboratory dusty plasmas.

Electro-acoustic shock structures in dusty plasmas

Two types of electro-acoustic shock structures, namely dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) and dust-acoustic (DA) shock structures, formed in two different kind of dusty plasma systems have been theoretically investigated. The sources of dissipation, which are responsible for the formation of DIA and DA shock structures in these dusty plasma systems, are identified. The conditions for the formation of these shock structures and their new basic features are pinpointed. The implications of the results in experimental observations are also discussed.

Effects of polarization force and nonthermal ions on dust-acoustic (DA) shock waves in a strongly coupled dusty plasma with positively charged dust

Abstract The nonlinear propagation of the dust-acoustic (DA) waves in a strongly coupled dusty plasma containing Maxwellian electrons, nonthermal ions, and positively charged dust is theoritically investigated by a Burgers equation. The effects of the polarization force (which arises due to the interaction between electrons and highly positively charged dust grains) and nonthermal ions are studied. DA shock waves are found to exist with positive potential only. It represents that the strong correlation among the charged dust grains is a source of dissipation, and is responsible for the formation of DA shock waves. The effects of polarization force and nonthermal ions significantly modified the basic features of DA shock waves in strongly coupled dusty plasma.

Dust acoustic solitary and shock excitations in a Thomas-Fermi magnetoplasma

The linear and nonlinear properties of dust-acoustic waves are investigated in a collisionless Thomas-Fermi magnetoplasma, whose constituents are electrons, ions, and negatively charged dust particles. At dust time scale, the electron and ion number densities follow the Thomas-Fermi distribution, whereas the dust component is described by the classical fluid equations. A linear dispersion relation is analyzed to show that the wave frequencies associated with the upper and lower modes are enhanced with the variation of dust concentration. The effect of the latter is seen more strongly on the upper mode as compared to the lower mode. For nonlinear analysis, we obtain magnetized Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equations involving the dust-acoustic solitary waves in the framework of reductive perturbation technique. Furthermore, the shock wave excitations are also studied by allowing dissipation effects in the model, leading to the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (KdVB) and ZKB equations. The analysis reveals that the dust-acoustic solitary and shock excitations in a Thomas-Fermi plasma are strongly influenced by the plasma parameters, e.g., dust concentration, dust temperature, obliqueness, magnetic field strength, and dust fluid viscosity. The present results should be important for understanding the solitary and shock excitations in the environments of white dwarfs or supernova, where dust particles can exist.

Electrostatic shock structures in a multi-species nonthermal dusty plasma

Propagation of the dust-acoustic shock waves (DASWs) in a dusty plasma containing arbitrarily charged dust, positive and negative ions following nonthermal (Cairn’s) distribution, and electrons following q-(nonextensive) distribution, has been investigated. The reductive perturbation technique is used to derive the Burgers equation for dust’s fluid dynamics. The basic features (viz. polarity, amplitude, speed, etc.) of DASWs are found to be significantly modified due to the effects of arbitrarily charged dust, number density and temperatures of heavier/lighter ions, nonextensive electrons, and dust kinematic viscosity. The present investigation can be very effective for understanding the nonlinear characteristics of the DASWs in space and laboratory dusty plasmas.

Space—time fractional KdV—Burgers equation for dust acoustic shock waves in dusty plasma with non-thermal ions

The KdV—Burgers equation for dust acoustic waves in unmagnetized plasma having electrons, singly charged nonthermal ions, and hot and cold dust species is derived using the reductive perturbation method. The Boltzmann distribution is used for electrons in the presence of the cold (hot) dust viscosity coefficients. The semi-inverse method and Agrawal variational technique are applied to formulate the space—time fractional KdV—Burgers equation which is solved using the fractional sub-equation method. The effect of the fractional parameter on the behavior of the dust acoustic shock waves in the dusty plasma is investigated.

Externally excited planar dust acoustic shock waves in a strongly coupled dusty plasma under microgravity conditions

The formation and dissipation of an externally excited planar dust acoustic shock wave in a three-dimensional uniform dust cloud has been observed under microgravity conditions. The experiment has been performed in the dc gas discharge chamber ‘Plasma Kristall-4’ (Fortov et al 2005 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47 B537) on board the A300 Zero-G airplane. The shock Mach number and compression factor reached 3.5 and 6, correspondingly, with a shock width of about the interparticle distance. Due to the utilization of the polarity-switching dc discharge mode and application of the Rankine–Hugoniot relations, the dust particle electrostatic pressure was determined and the Hugoniot percussive adiabat for the dust subsystem was derived. The obtained data were simulated using thermodynamic properties of highly nonideal Debye–Hückel (Yukawa) systems. Comparison of the experimental and simulated data has demonstrated that the screening length in a dense dusty plasma is not determined by the total ion number density, but rather by those ‘effective’ ions which are not bounded by negatively charged dust grains. Thus, this work presents a new experimental approach for the investigation of the dense dusty plasma clouds.

Dust-acoustic shock waves in a magnetized non-thermal dusty plasma

A theoretical investigation is carried out to study the basic properties of dust-acoustic (DA) shock waves propagating in a magnetized non-thermal dusty plasma (containing cold viscous dust fluid, non-thermal ions, and non-thermal electrons). The reductive perturbation method is used to derive the Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation. It is found that the basic properties of DA shock waves are significantly modified by the combined effects of dust fluid viscosity, external magnetic field, and obliqueness (angle between external magnetic field and DA wave propagation direction). It is shown that the dust fluid viscosity acts as a source of dissipation, and is responsible for the formation of DA shock structures in the dusty plasma system under consideration. The implications of our results in some space and laboratory plasma situations are briefly discussed.

Dust-acoustic shocks in strongly coupled dusty plasmas.

Electrostatic dust-acoustic shock waves are investigated in a viscous, complex plasma consisting of dust particles, electrons, and ions. The system is modelled using the generalized hydrodynamic equations, with strong coupling between the dust particles being accounted for by employing the effective electrostatic temperature approach. Using a reductive perturbation method, it is demonstrated that this model predicts the existence of weakly nonlinear dust-acoustic shock waves, arising as solutions to Burgers's equation, in which the nonlinear forces are balanced by dissipative forces, in this case, associated with viscosity. The evolution and stability of dust-acoustic shocks is investigated via a series of numerical simulations, which confirms our analytical predictions on the shock characteristics.

Dust acoustic shock waves in dusty plasma of opposite polarity with non-extensive electron and ion distributions

A theoretical investigation has been made of obliquely propagating nonlinear electrostatic shock structures. The reductive perturbation method has been used to derive the Korteweg-de Vries-Burger (KdV-Burger) equation for dust acoustic shock waves in a homogeneous system of a magnetized collisionless plasma comprising a four-component dusty plasma with massive, micron-sized, positively, negatively dust grains and non-extensive electrons and ions. The effect of dust viscosity coefficients of charged dusty plasma of opposite polarity and the non-extensive parameters of electrons and ions have been studied. The behavior of the oscillatory and monotonic shock waves in dusty plasma has been investigated. It has been found that the presence of non-extensive parameters significantly modified the basic properties of shock structures in space environments.

Shock structures in dusty plasma in the presence of strong electrostatic interaction

The fluid approach is employed to investigate theoretically the effect of strong electrostatic interaction on the dust acoustic (DA) shock waves near to the liquid-crystal phase transition in strongly coupled dusty plasma. The strong electrostatic interaction is modeled by effective electrostatic temperature which is considered as a dynamical variable. It is shown that the nonlinear evolution of dust acoustic shock waves in the present model is governed by a Burger equation, the coefficients in which are modified by strong coupling effect. Then, it is shown that how the perturbation of the effective electrostatic temperature modifies the basic properties of the DA shock waves.