Durkheim's Suicide Research Articles

Semiotic Analysis of Bullying Practices in Drama School 2015: Study of Emile Durkheim's Theory of Suicide

The existence of humans as social beings is represented through the formation of social groups as an effort to maintain and develop their lives. However, instead of forming harmony and balance, humans also often commit social deviations, one of which is through bullying behavior. Bullying behavior does not only occur in the work environment but has entered the school environment. One of them is in South Korea, where bullying rates and suicide rates are both high, showing that there is a relevance between bullying rates and suicide rates. Now, this phenomenon is constructed through drama as a reflection of social reality. The focus of this research is to find out how the practice and relevance of bullying behavior and suicide cases in the 2015 school drama. The research method used is Ferdinand De Saussure's semiotic analysis method which focuses on discussing the concept of signifiers and signifieds. The data studied are pieces of dialogue, images, and sound. In this study the authors used Emile Durkheim's Suicide theory. The findings in this study are that there is a relevance between bullying practices and suicide cases. This is also exacerbated by the finding that victims of bullying often do not have adequate social groups. Because the more individuals have sufficient social groups, then this is capital in maintaining their lives from other social groups. The location of the social group greatly influences a person's decision to commit suicide. Thus, the social group has an important position for a person as part of his efforts to defend himself and maintain his self-esteem and the harmony of social relations.

TIPOLOGI BUNUH DIRI DALAM NOVEL SAN FRANCISCO: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA

Typology Suicide in the San Francisco Novel: A Study of Literary Sociology. of This study aims to describe and analyze the typology of suicide based on the theory of sociologist Emile Durkheim in the novel San Francisco by Ziggy Zezsyazeoviennazabrizkie. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. The author carried out the study in two stages, namely data collection and data analysis. The stages of data collection were completed in four ways: reading, recording, and processing data via textual dialogs in the novel. Furthermore, the writer will also describe aspects, facts, and the types of Emile Durkheim's suicide, which will be presented in the form of dialogue text data in a structured manner according to the novel by using the study of sociology of literature. Based on the results of the study, it shows that in the novel San Francisco by Ziggy Zezsyazeoviennazabrizkie, there are three types of suicide according to Emile Durkheim, including egoistic suicide, altruistic suicide, and anomic suicide.

The Social Suicide Rates: A Review on Durkheim’s Theory of Suicide

Suicide is a societal disease. Various philosophers have offered opposing opinions on the reason of suicide. However, Ken Morrison's Marx, Durkheim, Weber: Formations of Modern Social Thought contains a lengthy study of Émile Durkheim's suicide. This research looks into Emile Durkheim's idea of suicide. Two examples are presented to demonstrate how he describes various sorts of suicide. Above all, it demonstrates how suicide thoughts engulf people. Why people commited suicide is explored in detail for four types of suicide.

A DURKHEIMIAN APPROACH TO THE THEME OF SUICIDE IN AYLA KUTLU'S NOVELS

Ayla Kutlu, 1980 sonrası Türk edebiyatında, roman ve öykü türündeki eserleriyle yerini alır. Romanlarının yanı sıra çocuk kitapları, öykü kitapları ve öz yaşam öyküsü bulunan yazarın birçok yapıtı sahneye ve televizyona uyarlanmıştır. Ayla Kutlu, derin gözlemlere ve dönem tahlillerine dayanan romanlarında toplumsal ve bireysel izlekleri harmanlayarak eserlerini çok katmanlı bir yapıda kurgular. Bu yönüyle Kutlu’nun romancılığı toplumsal olaylar içerisinde etkilenen kahramanların serüvenlerine odaklanır. Romanlarında Türkiye tarihine etki eden toplumsal olaylar, roman kahramanlarının dünyasında ve onların yaşamı algılayış tarzlarıyla takip edilir. Sosyal meselelere, toplumsal olaylara kayıtsız kalmayan ve eserleri üzerinden tarihe dair özgün yorumunu gerçekleştiren yazar, eserlerini sosyolojik bir kaynak haline getirir. Kutlu’nun romanlarında, özellikle içerisine doğduğu iklime uyum sağlayamamış, dışlanmış ve ötekileştirilmiş kahramanların intihar eylemleri göze çarpar. Bireyin yaşamsal atılımının yitiminin sonucunda bir kurtuluş/kaçış olarak başvurulan ya da tam tersi; birey tarafından kutsanarak bir adanış olarak gerçekleştirilen intiharı Emile Durkheim, toplumun yönlendirdiği sosyolojik bir olgu olarak kabul eder. Durkheim’ın ve takipçilerinin geliştirdiği görüşe göre intihar, bireyin toplum karşısındaki rolü ve tavrına göre şekillenmektedir. Bu kuram, intiharı toplumsal dayanaklarına göre üç ana başlıkta tasnif eder: “Bencil İntihar”, “Elcil İntihar” ve “Kuralsızlık İntiharı”. Çalışmamızda Ayla Kutlu’nun “Cadı Ağacı”, “Ateş Üstünde Yürümek” “Kadın Destanı” ve “Asi… Asi” romanlarında yer alan intihar izlekleri, Emile Durkheim tarafından tanımlanan başlıklar çerçevesinde değerlendirilecektir.

Suicide, Religion, and Latinos: A Macrolevel Study of U.S. Latino Suicide Rates

Since the publication of Durkheim's Suicide more than a century ago, researchers have been examining the relationship between religion and suicide, and race/ethnicity and suicide. However, no study has examined how religion influences U.S. Latino suicide rates. This study fills a gap in the literature by applying three competing theses to the study of Latino suicide. Results show that (1) religious contextual variables significantly affect Latino suicide rates, (2) U.S.-born Latinos benefit from religious communities, regardless of denomination or measurement used, and (3) foreign-born Latinos only benefit from Catholic adherents and homogeneity.

Jaworski, K. The Gender of Suicide: Knowledge Production, Theory and Suicidology. Farnham: Ashgate. 2014 £60.00 (hbk) ix + 197 pp. ISBN 978‐1‐4724‐0314‐8

Jaworski, K. The Gender of Suicide: Knowledge Production, Theory and Suicidology. Farnham: Ashgate. 2014 £60.00 (hbk) ix + 197 pp. ISBN 978‐1‐4724‐0314‐8

Early life circumstances and male suicide – A 30-year follow-up of a Stockholm cohort born in 1953

This study analyses the relationship between early life circumstances and suicide during adolescence and young adulthood among men in a Stockholm birth cohort born in 1953. Relevant variables were derived from Durkheim's proposition of social integration and suicide and Merton's strain theory of deviance. The links between our background variables and suicide were estimated with rare events logistic regression, a statistical method specially developed for situations in which rare events are endemic to the data. We found that self-rated loneliness at age 12-13 as an indicator of social isolation, school absenteeism at the same age as an indicator of school integration, and growing up in a family which received means-tested social assistance at least once during the period 1953-1965 as an indicator of childhood poverty, were statistically related to subsequent suicide risk between 1970 and 1984. Furthermore, following Bourdieu's rereading of Durkheim's Suicide, we argue that social isolation and school integration can be seen as important forms of deprivation, since "social integration" can also be understood in terms of "social recognition". This view emphasises the importance of taking the emotional and social poverty of children just as seriously as their material poverty when it comes to suicide.

Attitudes toward Dying and Death: A Study Building on Durkheim's Suicide Typology

Robert Fulton, prime mover the Sociology of Dying and Death movement since the 1950s to the present, has had a seminal impact on the development of the field, as a discipline, and upon those who have conducted research and educated others. For me, Professor Fulton has been an inspiration and a source of scholarly knowledge from my very first beginnings of study within the field of dying and death. He has been a mentor, friend, scholarly director, and object of esteem to me. He has been a hero as a scholar and giant within the field. It is a great privilege to write an essay in his honor.

Review Article: Learning about Suicide: Who Would Bear the Whips and Scorns of Time?

By way of a review of the reissue of Durkheim's Suicide this article offers an evaluation of Durkheim's monograph in the light of current thinking about suicide and the recent and growing work in Durkheimian studies. The question of moral order is also addressed and is related to social capital theory and the development of communitarianism. The matter of increased and unpredicted suicide rates among young men (especially in prison) in the UK is discussed and linked to educational provision for disaffected pupils and to the development of sustainable individual identity. It is posited that a conceptualization of this problem through Durkheimian sociology can provide a better understanding of the phenomenon than many existing approaches to the issue.

Suicide and Homicide: Durkheim's and Henry & Short's Theories Tested on Data from the Baltic States

The three Baltic States - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - were studied in two sociopolitically divergent periods. The first was the stagnation period under the Soviet regime in 1970-1984. The second was the period of democratic reforms that started in 1985, with encouraging political changes, ensuing difficulties associated with the change-over to the market economy from 1989; and finally stabilization in 1994-1998. The results of our study supported the hypothesis that suicide and homicide are affected by sociopolitical and economic conditions. Durkheim's suicide theory affords an explanation of the stable high suicide rate during stagnation period and the subsequent S-shaped suicide trend (fall-rise fall) during the reform period. However, the parallel suicide and homicide trends in the Baltic States do not tally with the postulates of Durkheim and Henry & Short regarding the inverse correlation of suicide and homicide at various levels of external restraints and with the varying state of the economy.

Durkheim's Suicide: A Century of Research and Debate

Durkheim's Suicide: A Century of Research and Debate

Ready to die: a postmodern interpretation of the increase of African-American adolescent male suicide

African-Americans have typically registered lower rates of suicide than other ethnic groups. In the last 20 years this pattern has changed, particularly among young African-Americans between the ages of 15 and 19 (National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Mortality Statistics, 1998, Atlanta, GA). Today, young African-American males are as likely to commit suicide as their White counterparts. To date, the research conducted regarding this phenomenon has been inconclusive and existing suicide interventions appear to have no effect on reducing this behavior among young African-Americans. This paper synthesizes classical (Durkheim Suicide, 1979 Free Press, New York) and postmodern (Beck, Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity, 1992, Sage, London; Bauman, Modernity and Ambivalence, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1991) social theories in order to provide a more complete theoretical explanation for the increase in the suicide rate among adolescent African-American males. Postmodern society is typified by: (1) institutional deconstruction; (2) decreased collectivism; (3) increased normlessness and helplessness; and (4) exacerbated personal risk for stress. It is therefore possible to hypothesize that postmodernity characteristically loosens the bonds between the individual and society, thereby increasing vulnerability to depression, related pathologies (such as substance abuse), and suicide. African-Americans tend to be more affected/vulnerable because they are concentrated in resource-poor, low income areas, and institutions that provided social support (family, religious, community) and protected individuals from societal risk factors, have gradually been dissolving in postmodern societies. We argue that young African-American males of today are more exposed to stressors which increase psychological distress thus increasing depression and related pathological behaviors such as suicide. The main reason behind this increase is found in the inability of institutions to offer protection from psychological distress. Overall, this paper presents a postmodern, macro-level framework to explain the increase in suicide among African-American male adolescents.

Suicide Among Gay and Lesbian Adolescents and Young Adults

This paper explores the issue of suicide among gay and lesbian adolescents and young adults, as well as provides information to guide clinicians in working effectively with this population. The theoretical perspectives on homosexual identity development by Troiden, Cass, and Lewis are discussed in connection with Durkheim's Suicide Theory and various theoretical risk factors, as well as implications for social work practice. This paper is intended to be utilized as a tool during the assessment phase of treatment with an adolescent or young adult who may be questioning his or her sexuality.

Du tableau statistique à l'image audiovisuelle. Lieux et pratiques de la représentation en sciences sociales

When a social science's ambition is to remain empirical, it has to anchor its analyses in the social world through various kinds of representation, especially visual, such as tables, graphs and pictures. This article analyses several means (dispositifs) of representation used in social studies. The concept of a dispositif is first used to examine how the classical sociological text (Durkheim's Suicide) reveals the social fact through a biased reading of statistics, and is then extended to the study of audio-visual documents. Two types of dispositif are thus distinguished. The first type, related to show business as an institution, grants no real autonomy to observation, unlike the second type. These dispositifs can be analysed either with regard to the finished product, text or document, or within the process of creation of representations.

Una apreciación retórica de un clásico sociológico: El Suicidio, de Durkheim

To ilustrate rhetorical approaches to texts in the social sciences, this essay takes Durkheim's Suicide, commonly thought to be a positivist exemplar, and reads it as moral discourse. The first part suggests the illumination given to the patterns of argumentation when the volume is treated as a response to a contemporary situation that could be shaped by persuasive discourse. The latter part presents the classic status of the volume as resultung from its use as a rhetorical authority to license some kinds of sociology.

The Impact of Alcohol, Divorce, and Unemployment on Suicide: A Multilevel Analysis

Sociologists have taken little interest in alcohol abuse as a possible antecedent of suicide. However, a theoretical link between the two phenomena can be postulated that is consistent zith Durkheim's suicide theory. In this article, various data and methods are triangulated to scrutinize the relationship between alcohol and suicide. The control variables include, among others, divorce and unemployment. The empirical basis comprises ecological and time-series data for Sweden. Special efforts are made to integrate thefindings with resultsfrom existent individual-level studies. According to thefindings, a good third of the male suicides are attributable to the alcoholfactor. The impact of unemployment is also found to be fairly strong, and here the indirect effects seem to be at least as important as the direct ones. No relationship was found between divorce and suicide. The psychiatric and the sociological literature on suicide differ conspicuously in the role attributed to alcohol abuse as an antecedent of suicide. Hence, a large number of psychiatric and epidemiological studies single out alcohol abuse as

A Reworking of Durkheim's Suicide

In this paper the text of Durkheim's Suicide is worked upon with concepts developed from a consideration of his discussion of the ‘forced division of labour.’. First Durkheim's category of ‘fatalistic’ suicide is analyzed in light of recent discussions of ‘fatalism’ and shown to be incoherent, produced by the suppression, displacement and condensation of other concepts. These considerations lead to reanalysis of Suicide, of the arguments and themes implicit within it. The text is treated as not so much an exploration of social pathology but a a resource to begin to develop an account of some of the conditions of existence of ‘rational’ individuals and their relationship to one form of arguably rational social order 1 1In the long period when these arguments weregestating many people played a part in their development. I am particularly grateful to Elaine Stavro, Ian Craib, Tony Woodiwiss, Ted Benton, Mike Gane, Jim Dickinson and Paul Hirst and to Andy Roberts for first demonstrating to,me the absurdity of the conventional dimissive characterisation of Durkheim as a positivist and reactionary. Any inadequacies in the paper are, of course, my responsibility alone. .

Durkheim Scholarship and Suicidology: Different Ways of Doing Research in History of Social Thought, and Different Interpretations of Durkheim's Suicide

Steven Stack has argued that we failed to do an adequate review of the relevant literature. Our paper (Breault and Barkey, 1982) was not a review article. We used what we thought were the most relevant materials, and materials that we believed had significantly advanced research in the field. We deliberately ignored a tradition in the Durkheim literature which is overly concerned with indirect tests of Durkheim's theory. (One theory in this general tradition is status integration theory [Gibbs and Martin, 1964]). At its worst, this tradition has interpreted Durkheim's variables incorrectly; has employed indicators that only poorly correspond to the variables used; has assumed that in order for Durkheim's theory to be tested, it must first be transformed; and has argued that Durkheim's theory fails to explain suicide in a logical sense. Stack's work is far too dependent upon the assumptions of this older tradition. Most of the work we cited (e.g., Danigelis and Pope, 1979; Krohn, 1978; Marshall, 1981; Pope and Danigelis, 1981; Stark et al. 1983) suggest that direct tests of Durkheim's theory are feasible in a methodological sense and that this is the most useful approach in terms of Durkheim scholarship. In the present forum, we will discuss some of the work of this other tradition. Appropriately, we focus on three of Stack's papers. In Stack's (1979) article on Durkheim's fatalistic suicide, he tests Durkheim's theory with indicators of totalitarianism and finds support for Durkheim's theory. This enterprise represents a failure on the part of Stack to understand the role of fatalistic suicide in Durkheim's work. Durkheim argued that fatalistic suicide is rare in modern society (is said to have historical interest and little contemporary importance [Durkheim, 1966:276]), and that modern society is characterized by anomie and egoism. Moreover, rather than fatalism being the typical reaction to oppression in modem society, Durkheim argued that the common mode of expression is anomic protest. Any test of fatalistic suicide with modern data, then, is wholly illegitimate-if, that is, one is testing Durkheim's theory. Turning to Stack's (1981) paper on religion and suicide, the work of Pope and Danigelis (1981) and Stark et al. (1983) brings out (as Stack fails to do) the important finding that the thrust of Durkheim's theory is correct: religion

Durkheim's Theory of Suicide as Applied to the Family: An Empirical Test

Durkheim's theory of suicide has long been the dominant influence on the sociological study of suicide. But studies of suicide within the Durkheimian tradition have been discontinuous, preventing cumulative theoretical advance. The discontinuity is partly due to researchers' failure to base their work on a comprehensive, intersubjective interpretation of Suicide. We base our study on Pope's recent, systematic analysis of Suicide. Using contemporary methods of analysis and the best available data on the family, we conclude that though there are significant exceptions, Durkheim's theory gets strong empirical support. We also assess the amount of variance in social suicide rates that is explained by Durkheim's independent variables. Marital-familial status (Durkheim's most important variable) is important. But sex, which he treated in an ad hoc, post-factum way, is even more important. We conclude by reassessing Durkheim's theory and identifying topics for further research. Durkheim's Suicide has been important to the sociological study of deviance (Nisbet, a) and has been the dominant influence on the sociological study of suicide. Although many suicidologists feel that Durkheim has long since been superseded and Maris spoke of putting Durkheim to bed (xi), we believe that continuity can be achieved only by focusing on the leading theory-Durkheim's (Gibbs, a:199). Ironically, Durkheim's work did correct and refine the prior research of the moral statisticians (Douglas; Giddens, b), who have now been largely forgotten; but Durkheim's successors have not been equally successful in superseding him. Even among works that use Suicide as a point of de

Whitney Pope. Durkheim's suicide: A classic analyzed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976. lx + 229 pp. (Reviewed by R. John Huber)

Whitney Pope. Durkheim's suicide: A classic analyzed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976. lx + 229 pp. (Reviewed by R. John Huber)