Abstract
When a social science's ambition is to remain empirical, it has to anchor its analyses in the social world through various kinds of representation, especially visual, such as tables, graphs and pictures. This article analyses several means (dispositifs) of representation used in social studies. The concept of a dispositif is first used to examine how the classical sociological text (Durkheim's Suicide) reveals the social fact through a biased reading of statistics, and is then extended to the study of audio-visual documents. Two types of dispositif are thus distinguished. The first type, related to show business as an institution, grants no real autonomy to observation, unlike the second type. These dispositifs can be analysed either with regard to the finished product, text or document, or within the process of creation of representations.
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