Duration Pattern Sequence Test Research Articles

Central auditory functions in post-COVID-19 adults; a case control study

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the central auditory abilities in post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) adults by using Central Auditory Tests (CATs). This study included a complaining group (GI), a non-complaining group (GII), and a control healthy group (GIII). All subjects were evaluated using CATsResultsResults demonstrated statistically significant differences across groups as regards Speech Perception in Noise Test (SPIN), Duration Pattern Sequence Test (DPT), Gap in Noise Test (GIN), and Memory Test (ANOVA, p-value ≤ 0.05). The post-hoc test revealed that, except for recognition memory, both study groups showed statistically significant differences from the control group. Also, significant differences were detected between both GI and GII groups regarding SPIN−10 signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), DPT, GIN threshold, memory for content, and memory for sequenceConclusionsCOVID-19 led to central auditory processing disorders (c)APD.

Effects of multiple sclerosis on the audio-vestibular system: a systematic review

ObjectiveSystematically investigate the effects of multiple sclerosis (MS) on the audio-vestibular system.MethodsSystematic review of literature investigating audio-vestibular conditions in persons with MS (PwMS) aged ≥18 years. PubMed, Scopus, NICE and...

Temporal auditory processing in people exposed to musical instrument practice.

To investigate the influence of musical instrument practice on temporal auditory abilities and on the results of cortical potentials related to auditory events (P300) in a group of young musicians compared to individuals without experience in musical practice. This is a prospective cross-sectional observational study. In total, 34 individuals between 18 and 30 years old, of both sexes, took part and were divided in two groups: Group I (GI), composed of musicians (n=16), and Group II (GII), composed of non-musicians (n=18). All participants underwent behavioral evaluation of temporal auditory processing, composed of Duration Pattern Sequence Test (DPS), Pitch Pattern Sequence Test (PPS), Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT) and electrophysiological evaluation - Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potential - P300. GI also answered a specific questionnaire to characterize musical practice. We observed statistically significant differences with superior performance of GI compared with GII in all behavioral tests (p<0.001*). The groups' performance was similar regarding the latency and amplitude parameters analyzed from LLAEP-300 data (p>0.05). The findings show a positive influence of musical practice toward the improvement of auditory abilities of temporal ordering and resolution. All participants presented adequate cortical functioning of the central auditory nervous system, without significant differences between musicians and non-musicians when considering P300 amplitude and latency.

Processamento auditivo temporal em indivíduos expostos à prática musical instrumental

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the influence of musical instrument practice on temporal auditory abilities and on the results of cortical potentials related to auditory events (P300) in a group of young musicians compared to individuals without experience in musical practice. Methods This is a prospective cross-sectional observational study. In total, 34 individuals between 18 and 30 years old, of both sexes, took part and were divided in two groups: Group I (GI), composed of musicians (n=16), and Group II (GII), composed of non-musicians (n=18). All participants underwent behavioral evaluation of temporal auditory processing, composed of Duration Pattern Sequence Test (DPS), Pitch Pattern Sequence Test (PPS), Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT) and electrophysiological evaluation – Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potential – P300. GI also answered a specific questionnaire to characterize musical practice. Results We observed statistically significant differences with superior performance of GI compared with GII in all behavioral tests (p&lt;0.001*). The groups’ performance was similar regarding the latency and amplitude parameters analyzed from LLAEP-300 data (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion The findings show a positive influence of musical practice toward the improvement of auditory abilities of temporal ordering and resolution. All participants presented adequate cortical functioning of the central auditory nervous system, without significant differences between musicians and non-musicians when considering P300 amplitude and latency.

Auditory processing abilities in pitch and duration pattern tests for elderly:

Purpose: to analyze the performance of elderly people with hearing loss compared to normal-hearing elderly people in the Pitch Pattern Sequence Test (PPS) and Duration Pattern Sequence Test (DPS). Research strategy: Electronic search strategies were individually developed for each of the following databases: LILACS, LIVIVO, Pubmed, Scopus, SpeechBITE and Web of Science. Grey literature was searched by using Google Scholar, OpenGrey and Proquest Dissertations and Theses. Selection criteria: Observational studies that evaluated elderly (over 60 years old) with age related hearing loss or presbycusis, ranging from mild to moderately severe, with different scores, compared to normal hearing for pitch (PPS) or duration pattern sequence (DPS) tests were included. The methodology of selected studies was evaluated using Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (MAStARI) critical appraisal tools for cross sectional studies. No restrictions regarding language, period of publication or gender were applied. Results: Title and summary of 1042 articles were analyzed after duplicates were removed. From this analysis, the full texts of 15 articles were analyzed. Five studies were included in this systematic review, three studies used the Musiek DPS version, two used the Auditec DPS and PPS version. Risk of bias was low (three studies) and moderate (two studies), according to this protocol. Conclusion: This systematic review showed no score differences between groups with presbycusis compared with normal hearing for DPS and PPS test. More primary studies utilizing the same protocol for PPS and DPS are needed.

Temporal processing skills in people who stutter

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the auditory skills of temporal resolution and ordering in people who stutter. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional, analytical, and comparative research between study and control groups conducted at a speech-language-hearing teaching clinic of an academic institution, comprising people who stutter (who attended a public outreach program) and volunteers without communicative disorders, for 13 months. The procedures used were auditory perception anamnesis, acoustic immittance, and pure-tone and speech audiometry to discharge hearing changes. The participants who met the eligibility criteria had their resolution and ordering skills assessed with the Gaps-in-Noise, Random Gap Detection, Pitch Pattern Sequence, and Duration Pattern Sequence tests and the data obtained were entered into a spreadsheet for descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Results: the study group presented changes in temporal resolution and ordering. A statistically significant difference was also verified comparing the assessment findings of the study and control groups, in all the assessment tests. Conclusion: temporal resolution and ordering changes were observed in the people presented with stuttering, regardless of sex or chronological age.

Investigating the effect of extended high-frequency hearing loss on duration pattern sequence test

Background and Aim: Temporal processing is affected in people exposed to occupational noi­se. The primary goal of this study was to eva­luate the temporal processing of people exposed to occupational noise of more than 85 dB A but have not experienced clinically significant chan­ges at hearing thresholds at conventional frequ­encies.&#x0D; Methods: A comparison between groups were designed using individuals exposed to occupa­tional noise (n = 15 as the case group) and non-exposed individuals (n = 16 as the control gro­up). Two groups were age-matched (p &lt; 0.05). The extended high-frequency audiometric thre­sholds and temporal processing system were evaluated through a duration pattern sequence test. Finally, the correlation between the exten­ded high-frequency hearing thresholds and the duration pattern test scores was investigated.&#x0D; Results: The case group had significantly high­er hearing thresholds than the control group at 14, 15, and 16 kHz (p &lt; 0.05). Although in other frequencies, the mean hearing thresholds in the case group was higher than the control group, the difference was not significant. Also, the case group had significantly lower duration pattern sequence scores than the control group in the right (p = 0.02) and the left ears (p = 0.03). There was no correlation between extended high-frequency hearing thresholds and duration pattern sequence test scores.&#x0D; Conclusion: In people exposed to occupational noise, both extended high-frequency thresholds and temporal processing in lower frequency ran­ges (with normal hearing thresholds) are inter­rupted.

Jet fuel exposure and auditory outcomes in Australian air force personnel

BackgroundAnimal data suggest that jet fuels such as JP-8 are associated with hearing deficits when combined with noise and that the effect is more pronounced than with noise exposure alone. Some studies suggest peripheral dysfunction while others suggest central auditory dysfunction. Human data are limited in this regard. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible chronic adverse effects of JP-8 combined with noise exposure on the peripheral and central auditory systems in humans.MethodsFifty-seven participants who were current personnel from the Royal Australian Air Force were selected. Based on their levels of exposure to jet fuels, participants were divided into three exposure groups (low, moderate, high). Groups were also categorised based on their noise exposure levels (low, moderate, high). All participants were evaluated by tympanometry, pure-tone audiometry (1–12 kHz), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), auditory brainstem response (ABR), words-in-noise, compressed speech, dichotic digit test, pitch pattern sequence test, duration pattern sequence test and adaptive test of temporal resolution. All auditory tests were carried out after the participants were away from the Air Force base for a minimum of two weeks, thus two weeks without jet fuel and noise exposure.ResultsJet fuel exposure was significantly associated with hearing thresholds at 4 and 8 kHz; average hearing thresholds across frequencies in the better ear; DPOAEs at 2.8, 4 and 6 kHz; ABR wave V latency in the right ear; compressed speech and words-in-noise. Further analyses revealed that participants with low exposure level to jet fuels showed significantly better results for the aforementioned procedures than participants with moderate and high exposure levels. All results were controlled for the covariates of age and noise exposure levels.ConclusionsThe results suggest that jet fuel exposure, when combined with noise exposure, has an adverse effect on audibility in humans. Taking all the test results into consideration, jet fuel exposure combined with noise exposure specifically seems to affect the peripheral hearing system in humans.

Correlation between cognitive functions and central auditory processing in adolescents with non-cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media.

Auditory deprivation associated with early otitis media with effusion has been considered a risk factor for central auditory processing (CAP), as well as for the development of a number of cognitive functions.Objective:To study the neuropsychological functions of attention, working memory and executive function in adolescents with and without non-cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media (NCCOM) and analyze their interrelationships with the behavioral evaluation of CAP.Methods:Sixty-eight adolescents were recruited, 34 were diagnosed with NCCOM (study group - SG), and 34 had no otological history (control group - CG). The Neupsilin Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Instrument was used. CAP was assessed by: Masking Level Difference, Synthetic Sentence Identification, Random Gap Detection Test, Duration Pattern Sequence Test and Dichotic Digits Test.Results:The results of Neupsilin showed lower scores in the study group when compared to the control group on the following tests: digit sequence repetition, ascending digit ordering, auditory sentence span, and phonemic verbal fluency. An association was found between central auditory processing tests and Neupsilin subtests.Conclusion:The effects of NCCOM on attention, memory and executive function related to central auditory processing disorder in adolescents seem to be enhanced by the severity of the disease.

EFFECT OF EXTENDING THE RESPONSE WINDOWAND OF SUBJECT PRACTICE ON MEASURES OFAUDITORY PROCESSING IN CHILDREN WITHLEARNING OR READING DISABILITY

Background This study studied the effect of extending the response window on the auditory processing (AP) test performance of children with a learning disability or reading disability (LD/RD). The study also investigated whether subject practice affected test performance. Material and Methods Twenty-four children with an LD and 12 typically developing (TD) age-matched peers between 9 and 13 years of age participated in the study. The participants were administered three AP tests – the dichotic digit (DD), duration pattern sequence (DPS), and random gap detection (RGD) test – under two conditions: standard response window and extended response window. Results The performance of the LD group on the DD and DPS tests significantly improved using an extended time window whereas the performance of the TD group did not change. Conclusions The findings suggest that some children with an LD achieve higher scores on auditory processing tasks if given a longer response window. This has implications for diagnosis and for providing a potential differential diagnosis tool.

Auditory temporal processing in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Auditory temporal processing is the main feature of speech processing ability. Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, despite their normal hearing sensitivity, may present speech recognition disorders. The present study was carried out to evaluate the auditory temporal processing in patients with unilateral TLE. The present study was carried out on 25 patients with epilepsy: 11 patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy and 14 with left temporal lobe epilepsy with a mean age of 31.1years and 18 control participants with a mean age of 29.4years. The two experimental and control groups were evaluated via gap-in-noise and duration pattern sequence tests. One-way ANOVA was run to analyze the data. The mean of the threshold of the GIN test in the control group was observed to be better than that in participants with LTLE and RTLE. Also, it was observed that the percentage of correct responses on the DPS test in the control group and in participants with RTLE was better than that in participants with LTLE. Patients with TLE have difficulties in temporal processing. Difficulties are more significant in patients with LTLE, likely because the left temporal lobe is specialized for the processing of temporal information.

Effects of tonal language background on tests of temporal sequencing in children

Objective: The aims of the present study were to determine the effects of language background on the performance of the pitch pattern sequence test (PPST) and duration pattern sequence test (DPST). As temporal order sequencing may be affected by age and working memory, these factors were also studied. Design: Performance of tonal and non-tonal language speakers on PPST and DPST were compared. Study sample: Twenty-eight native Mandarin (tonal language) speakers and twenty-nine native Malay (non-tonal language) speakers between seven to nine years old participated in this study. Results: The results revealed that relative to native Malay speakers, native Mandarin speakers demonstrated better scores on the PPST in both humming and verbal labeling responses. However, a similar language effect was not apparent in the DPST. An age effect was only significant in the PPST (verbal labeling). Finally, no significant effect of working memory was found on the PPST and the DPST. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the PPST is affected by tonal language background, and highlight the importance of developing different normative values for tonal and non-tonal language speakers.

Central auditory processing outcome after stroke in children.

To investigate central auditory processing in children with unilateral stroke and to verify whether the hemisphere affected by the lesion influenced auditory competence. 23 children (13 male) between 7 and 16 years old were evaluated through speech-in-noise tests (auditory closure); dichotic digit test and staggered spondaic word test (selective attention); pitch pattern and duration pattern sequence tests (temporal processing) and their results were compared with control children. Auditory competence was established according to the performance in auditory analysis ability. Was verified similar performance between groups in auditory closure ability and pronounced deficits in selective attention and temporal processing abilities. Most children with stroke showed an impaired auditory ability in a moderate degree. Children with stroke showed deficits in auditory processing and the degree of impairment was not related to the hemisphere affected by the lesion.

Central auditory processing and word discrimination in patients with multiple sclerosis

Many multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with normal pure tone threshold suffer from difficulties in their hearing especially speech perception in background noise, which is possibly because of incompetence of central auditory processing in this group. Three audiologic tests including gap in noise test (GIN), duration pattern sequence test (DPST) and word discrimination score (WDS) were used for comparing a number of aspects of central auditory processing between patients with MS and normal subjects. Approximate threshold and percent of correct answers in GIN test, percent of correct answers in DPST test and monosyllabic discrimination in WDS test were obtained through cross-sectional non-invasive study conducted on 26 subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who had mean age of 28.9 (SD 4.1) years, and 26 18–40-year-old ones with normal hearing and mean age of 27.7 (SD 5.2). Results of this study demonstrate increased approximate threshold and reduction of percent of correct answers obtained from GIN test in patients with multiple sclerosis (Pv = 0.0001). Furthermore in patients with MS, the average of correct answers in DPST was lower than normal subjects and finally performance of MS subjects in WDS test in quiet environment was correlated with GIN threshold (r = −/624, Pr = /003). Results of the present study showed that patients with MS had defect in aspects of central auditory processing consisting of temporal resolution, auditory pattern and the memory for auditory task and difficulty in discrimination of speech in noisy environment that are related to the involvement of central nervous system.

Avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo em indivíduos pós - traumatismo cranioencefálico: estudo piloto

OBJETIVO: verificar o desempenho de indivíduos pós-traumatismo cranioencefálico em testes comportamentais para avaliação do processamento auditivo. MÉTODO: participaram da pesquisa 10 indivíduos audiologicamente normais com histórico de trauma craniano. Foram submetidos a: audiometria tonal liminar, logoaudiometria, medidas de imitância acústica (timpanometria e pesquisa dos reflexos acústicos) e avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo (Testes de Localização Sonora, Memória Sequencial Verbal, Memória Sequencial Não Verbal, Padrão de Duração, Dicótico Consoante-Vogal, Dicótico de Dissílabos Alternados, Identificação de Sentenças Sintéticas com mensagem competitiva, Identificação de Intervalo Aleatório, Índice Percentual de Reconhecimento de Fala com gravação, Fala com Ruído Branco). RESULTADOS: o teste de Padrão de Duração indicou o teste com o maior número de alteração (60%). O teste com a média mais satisfatória foi o Índice Percentual de Reconhecimento de Fala com gravação (93%) e a média menos satisfatória relacionou-se ao teste Dicótico Consoante-Vogal, com 40,56%. As inversões (70%) representaram a tendência de erros no Dicótico de Dissílabos Alternados mais frequente. O processo gnósico do tipo decodificação foi o mais predominante (100%), seguido da organização (90%), não verbal (60%), codificação-perda gradual de memória (20%). Não houve alteração no processo gnósico de codificação-integração. CONCLUSÃO: os indivíduos pós-traumatismo cranioencefálico apresentam transtorno do processamento auditivo de diferentes graus, envolvendo os processos gnósicos de decodificação e organização.

Efeitos da reabilitação auditiva na habilidade de ordenação temporal em idosos usuários de próteses auditivas

To analyze the effects of an auditory rehabilitation program for the temporal ordering ability, of duration and pitch patterns of sounds, in elderly hearing aids users. Participants were 17 elderly people, with ages between 60 and 84 years, divided into Control Group (CG), which only used hearing aids, and Study Group (SG), which were submitted to an auditory rehabilitation program that included auditory counseling and training. All subjects were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study, through the Duration Pattern Sequence and Pitch Pattern Sequence tests. The period between assessments was seven weeks. In the Duration Pattern Sequence test, CG subjects showed mean values of accuracy in the murmured condition of 48.64 and 54.43%, for initial and final assessments, respectively; SG subjects, presented 60.39 and 76.28%. In the named condition, CG presented 51.93 and 52.43%, and SG, 63.94 and 77.44% for initial and final assessments, respectively. In the Pitch Pattern Sequence test, CG subjects showed mean values of accuracy in the murmured condition of 80.62 and 79.94%, and SG subjects, of 79.78 and 90.39%, for initial and final assessments, respectively. In the named the condition, CG presented 82.64 and 84.21%, and SG, 82.94 and 85.89%, for initial and final assessments. There was a difference only for SG subjects in the murmured and named conditions of the Duration Pattern Sequence test, in the named condition of the Pitch Pattern Sequence test, indicating higher mean values in the final assessment. The auditory rehabilitation program to elderly hearing aid users provide satisfactory improvement in recognition, temporal ordering, and naming of duration and pitch patterns of sounds.

Processamento temporal de crianças com transtorno fonológico submetidas ao treino auditivo: estudo piloto

This study compared the temporal processing performance of children with phonological disorders submitted to formal and informal auditory training. Fifteen subjects with phonological disorder (pure tone thresholds ≤20 dBHL from 0.50 to 4 kHz, and age between 7 years and 10 years and 11 months) were evaluated, divided into three groups: five subjects (mean age 9.1 years) without auditory processing disorder, who passed through two evaluations of the auditory processing at intervals of six to eight weeks and without any intervention; Formal Training Group with five subjects (average 8.3 years) with auditory processing disorder submitted to eight sessions of formal training; and Informal Training Group, with five subjects (average 8.1 years) with auditory processing disorder submitted to eight sessions of informal training. After eight sessions the formal training group showed an improvement of 8% and the informal training group of 22.5% in comparison with the pitch pattern sequence test. For the duration pattern sequence test, the average of the formal training group improved by 12.9% and the informal training group by 18.7%. There was no statistical difference between the means obtained by both groups after intervention, neither in the pitch pattern nor in the duration pattern sequence test. Although the results did not present significant differences, this pilot study suggests that both formal and informal trainings provide improvement in the temporal processing abilities of children with phonological and auditory processing disorders.

Auditory Processing After Sport-Related Concussions

The aim of the study is to investigate whether sport-related concussions disrupt auditory processes. Sixteen university athletes participated in the study: eight had one or more sport-related concussions, and eight never experienced a concussion. The Frequency Pattern Sequence test, the Duration Pattern Sequence test, the Synthetic Sentence Identification test, and the Staggered Spondaic Word test were used to assess auditory processing. All nonconcussed athletes have normal auditory processing. In contrast, more than half of the concussed athletes had deficits for one or more of the auditory processing tests. The pattern of results suggests that sport-related concussions can disrupt the neurological mechanisms implicated in several auditory processes, including monaural low-redundancy speech recognition, tone pattern recognition, and dichotic listening.

Disfluency and time perception.

Stuttering is manifested as a disruption in speech timing, but it may stem from a more basic temporal disorder (R. D. Kent, 1984). We compared the ability of stuttering and nonstuttering adults to estimate protensity and to distinguish the relative lengths of short tones. We also examined whether there is a correlation between a person's degree of disfluency and the ability to measure protensity or judge the relative lengths of short tones. Twenty stuttering and 20 nonstuttering adults were given the Duration Pattern Sequence Test. They were also asked to estimate the lengths of 8 tones and silent intervals. A negative correlation was found between degree of disfluency and ability to determine the relative lengths of short tones. A positive correlation was found between degree of disfluency and length of protensity estimates.