Duration Of Stage Research Articles

Demography and Population Projection of Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae) on Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) Colonized by Entomopathogenic Fungal Endophytes.

Tetranychus urticae is a highly polyphagous and global pest. Spider mites primarily feed on the underside of leaves, resulting in decreased photosynthesis, nutritional loss, and the development of chlorotic patches. We investigated the life tables of the two-spotted spider mite T. urticae on fungal endophyte Beauveria bassiana colonized and untreated plants of the common Phaseolus vulgaris L., a bean plant. Based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory, data were evaluated. The mites raised on untreated plants had protonymphs, deutonymphs, and total pre-adult stage durations that were considerably shorter (1.76, 2.14, and 9.77 d, respectively) than the mites raised on plants that had been colonized (2.02, 2.45, and 10.49 d, respectively). The fecundity (F) varied from 28.01 eggs per female of colonized plants to 57.67 eggs per female of endophyte-untreated plants. The net reproductive rate (R0) in the plants with and without endophytes was 19.26 and 42.53 brood, respectively. The untreated plants had an intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of 0.245 days as opposed to the colonized plants, which had an r of 0.196 days and a finite rate of increase (λ) (1.27 and 1.21, respectively). Population forecasts based on a two-sex, age-stage life table demonstrated the dynamism and variability of the stage structure. Furthermore, the colonization of B. bassiana had a negative impact on the growth and development of T. urticae. It lowered the adult mite life span, female fecundity, net reproduction rate, and intrinsic growth rate. We propose that future research should better use entomopathogenic fungal endophytes to understand host plant resistance strategies in integrated pest management.

Does delayed vacuum-assisted delivery harbor greater maternal or neonatal complications?

To compare maternal and fetal outcomes between early (<2 h) and delayed (>2 h) vacuum extraction (VE) deliveries. We performed a retrospective cohort study in a single, university-affiliated medical center (2014-2021). We included term singleton pregnancies delivered by VE, allocated into one of two groups according to second stage duration: <2 h or >2 h. Primary outcome was maternal composite adverse outcome (included chorioamnionitis, 3-4 degree lacerations, and postpartum hemorrhage [PPH]). We included 2521 deliveries: 2261 (89.6%) with early VE and 260 (10.4%) with delayed VE. Study groups' characteristics were not different, except of parity. Maternal composite outcome almost reached a significance (P = 0.054) comparing between the groups. Comparing second stage length up to 2 h versus more, there was similar rate of advance maternal lacerations. However, extending the second stage to more than 3 h was associated with third degree lacerations compared to 2-3 h (9.8% vs 3%, P = 0.011). There were significantly more PPH events in the later VE group (P = 0.004), but the need for blood transfusions was similar. The rates of 5 min Apgar score ≤7 (P = 0.001) and umbilical artery pH <7.0 were significantly higher in group 2 compared with group 1. The effect was much more pronounced when second stage was >3 h. After conducting multiregression analysis, the results became insignificant. Our study suggests that VE performed in the late second stage of labor, up to 3 h, is safe as VE performed in the early stages regarding maternal and neonatal outcomes. Extra caution is needed with extended second stage to more than 3 h.

Studying the Powdery Mildews Disease Effect on the Vegetative Stage of Triticum aestivum Genotypes

The article studied the effect of powdery mildews on the vegetative stage using the Morocco variety, introduced from international breeding centers in 2016-2018, and local varieties Nurlu 99, Mirbashir 128 and Murov. The research work was carried out in two versions (experimental (infected) and control (healthy)) in 4 repetitions. It was established that the varieties in question were infected with powdery mildews in different phases of development (the Morocco variety introduced from abroad at the beginning of the tillering phase, the local variety Nurlu 99 at the end of the booting phase, the Mirbashir 128 variety at the end of the tillering phase and the Murov variety at the beginning of the booting phase). These varieties were infected at different levels at different developmental stages, so powdery mildews affected the developmental phases differently. As a result of the research, it was established that powdery mildews in the experimental (infected) version influenced the duration of the vegetative stage, contributed to its reduction, and in the period from the heading phase to full ripeness of the grain, it accelerated ripening, which ultimately caused a decrease in the structural components and yield of the product. The effect of powdery mildews on the vegetative stage largely depends on the biological characteristics of the varieties, the level of infection, the developmental phases during which the infection occurred and the duration of the disease.

Optimizing Management of the Second Stage of Labor: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

To review the findings of the Optimizing Management of the Second Stage of Labor randomized controlled trial in the context of prior and subsequent obstetric literature. A multi-database search was performed in addition to a review of the parent trial and secondary studies. Nulliparous patients with neuraxial anesthesia randomized to either immediate or delayed pushing showed no difference in vaginal delivery rates. However, delayed pushing is associated with an increased duration of the second stage and perinatal morbidity. Patients should be appropriately counseled on the timing of second-stage pushing and the risks of prolonged second-stage labor.

Successful Pregnancy and Vaginal Delivery after Oxytocin Massage for Nulliparous Women with Anemia and Undetected Foetal Congenital Anomaly: An Indonesian Case Report

Background: A factor that contributes to the poor health of both the mother and the fetus is Anemia. Pregnant women must therefore receive prenatal care that includes the identification and management of Anemia properly. Case Presentation: This case report provides an analysis of the pregnancy circumstances of Mrs. R, a 22-year-old housewife from a middle-class socioeconomic background, who is anticipating her first child. From the pregnancy data obtained, Mrs. R experienced anemia, supported by supporting examinations of hemoglobin levels. The management provided included iron supplementation and the consumption of beetroot, which has been proven to be an effective food to increase hemoglobin levels. At 40 weeks of pregnancy with no signs of labor, it was recommended to engage in sexual intercourse to stimulate contractions and undergo oxytocin massage at 40 weeks and 4 days of pregnancy. The parturition process ultimately took place at 40 weeks 5 days of gestation, spontaneously. The total duration of the first stage of labor was 22 hours, the second stage was 2 hours, the third stage was 11 minutes, and the fourth stage was 2 hours. The baby was born spontaneously, cried loudly, weighed 3,600 grams, and showed a cranial deformity, specifically asymmetric head shape. There were no complications during labor and the postpartum period. Although Mrs. R is deeply committed to maintaining a healthy pregnancy, managing the Anemia that was detected in the early stages of the pregnancy presents a formidable challenge. Through her scrupulous observance of monthly prenatal examinations and regular administration of blood supplement tablets and additional multivitamins, Mrs. R effectively controlled her Anemia, thereby facilitating the successful culmination of the delivery procedure. Conclusion: Accurate evaluation of anemia during pregnancy is crucial for the proper treatment of anemia. In Indonesia, the effective treatment of severe anemia necessitates ......

Strategy of stage treatment for patients with perforated diverticulitis: first experience

BACKGROUND: The results of surgical treatment of patients with perforative diverticulitis of the colon are still unsatisfactory today. Since the majority of patients undergo Hartmann surgery, the main problem is a large number of stoma patients. Three quarters of them live with a stoma for a long time, which negatively affects their quality of life and increases the cost of treatment.&#x0D; AIM: The purpose of this research work is to improve the immediate results of treating patients with perforative diverticulitis and peritonitis by using staged surgical tactics.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The reaserach included 14 patients with perforative diverticulitis Hinchey grade II-III. The average value of the Mannheim peritoneal index is 18.9 ± 6.3 points. At the first stage of surgical treatment, all the patients underwent colon resection with a zone of perforation of the diverticulum and leaving its muffled ends in the abdominal cavity. After lavage and drainage, temporary closure of the anterior abdominal wall was performed. After 24–48 hours, all the patients underwent colon reconstraction.&#x0D; RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 52.3 ± 12.4 years with 4 women (28.6%) and 10 men (71.4%). The average duration of the first stage was 105.7 ± 27.2 minutes, the second one — 113.2 ± 40.5 minutes. The average hospital-stays were 16.4 ± 7.2 days. There were no anastomosis failures and no lethal outcomes. Complications were noted in 9 patients (64.3%), grade I according to Clavien – Dindo — 83.4%.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: The tactics of early surgical treatment is a promising concept for patients with perforative diverticulitis. It provides rapid elimination of the septic focus during the first surgical operation, assumes early reconstruction of the intestine without increasing the number of complications and mortality, and can be used in patients with peritonitis.

Effect of Pethidine Injection on the Duration of Labor and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background and Objectives: Long and ineffective labor causes hardships for mothers and doctors and increases the rate of cesarean sections and medical comorbidities. Several factors contribute to effective and less painful labor, including maternal age, parity, fetal characteristics, and the medications or procedures that obstetricians use for labor. We aimed to study the factors that affect labor duration and identify those that make labor more effective. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 141 patients who underwent normal vaginal deliveries at the Daegu Catholic University Medical Center between April 2013 and April 2022. Among the 141 patients, 44 received pethidine intravenously, 88 received oxytocin intravenously, and 64 received epidural anesthesia. The duration of the active phase and second stage of labor were recorded according to the findings of a manual examination of the cervix and continuous external electronic monitoring. We analyzed maternal and neonatal medical records and performed binomial logistic regression to identify the factors associated with a shorter active phase of labor. The clinical outcomes in mothers and neonates were also evaluated. Results: Among the various clinical factors, multiparity (odds ratio of parity 0.325) and the use of pethidine (odds ratio 2.906) were significantly associated with shortening the active phase of labor to less than 60 min. The use of epidural anesthesia or oxytocin was not significantly associated with reducing the active phase of labor. When patients were divided into two groups based on whether a pethidine injection had been used during labor, the duration of the active phase was shorter in the pethidine injection group than in the control group for both nulliparas and multiparas. No significant differences in the duration of the second stage of labor were observed between the pethidine injection and control groups. There were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes, including the need for mechanical ventilation of neonates, Apgar scores, neonatal intensive care unit admissions, number of precipitous deliveries, maternal adverse side effects of drugs, or duration of maternal hospitalization between the two groups. Conclusions: Pethidine can be safely administered to women during labor to help reduce the duration of the active phase by promoting dilatation of the cervix and preventing complications that may result from prolonged labor. Pethidine may be helpful, especially for those who cannot receive epidural anesthesia or who cannot afford it. However, large-scale randomized controlled studies are required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this drug during labor. Furthermore, it would be helpful if various studies were conducted depending on the timing of administration and indications for delivery.

Possibility of Using Disposable Polymeric Containers in the Production Technology of Live Plague Vaccine

The aim of the work was to assess the possibility of using disposable polymeric containers in the production technology of the live plague vaccine.Materials and methods. We deployed the vaccine strain Yersinia pestis ЕV NIIEG for the work. A standard disposable 10 L Flexboy type polymeric container manufactured by Sartorius Stedim Biotech, equipped with Sartopore 2 filter capsules, was used for submerged cultivation of plague microbe inoculum. This method was compared to the regulated technology for obtaining seed cultures using glass bottles with a volume of 20 liters. The control of the produced seed cultures of the vaccine strain EV was performed in accordance with FS.3.3.1.0022.15. The cultivation of the seed culture in a disposable polymeric container was carried out in a liquid nutrient medium at a temperature of 26 to 28°C with continuous barbotage and mechanical agitation with a platform oscillation frequency of 80 to 90 per minute. For aeration, compressed air with a pressure of 0.3 to 0.4 kgf/cm2 was used. The volumetric flow rate of sterile air supplied for aeration ranged from 0.9 to 1.0 l/min.Results and discussion. The use of disposable polymeric containers made it possible to reduce the duration of the technological stage of obtaining a seed culture by 1.7 times and increase the yield of live microbes per unit volume of the nutrient medium by 2.8 times, as compared to the regulated production technology. Thus, the possibility and prospects of using disposable polymeric containers in the production technology of live plague vaccine at the stage of preparation of sowing cultures is evidenced.

Responses of two Anastrepha species' immature stages infesting preferential hosts to different temperature exposures.

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and A. obliqua (Macquart) are important pests of fruit crops. In Brazil, these species cause damage to fruit growing in the South (annual average temperature of 20.9°C) and Northeast (average yearly temperature of 24°C). We evaluated the effect of temperature on the viability and development time of A. fraterculus and A. obliqua immature stages in their respective preferred hosts, guava (Psidium guajava L., Myrtaceae) and mango (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae). The duration of egg and pupal stages, egg to pre-pupa, and viability of egg and pupal stages under different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C) were assessed. For both species, development time decreased with increasing temperature. Viability in the evaluated stages was only observed between 15 and 30°C. However, the species responded differently to the exposure temperatures (15 and 30°C), especially in the pupal stage and from egg to pre-pupa. Anastrepha fraterculus showed a lower tolerance to high temperatures, especially in the pupal stage and from egg to pre-pupa, which may explain its lower importance and economic impact in warmer Brazilian regions. Anastrepha obliqua had a lower tolerance at 15°C, indicating greater adequacy for temperatures above 20°C, characteristic of Northeast Brazil, suggesting the capacity to spread to cooler areas with rising temperatures.

Variation in substrate nutritional composition and its effects on the growth, development, and nutrient composition of Rhynchophorus phoenicis Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract Consumption of African Palm Weevil larvae is a potential solution to the escalating need for protein in Ghana. Currently, insect farmers rely heavily on agricultural by-products, for their production. However, the changes in nutritional content of these substrates over the duration of the larval stage is not well understood as its decline could have a negative effect on the larval development. The palm weevil larvae were reared on eleven (11) substrates and the changes in the nutrient content of the substrates over time during the larval rearing duration, and their effect on larval survival, larval duration and larval weight were assessed. The substrates tested included cocoyam cake, spoilt onion, banana corm, spoilt garden eggs, coconut coir, cocoa pod, raphia palm, elephant ear corm, sliced false yam, sugarcane and palm yolk. The substrate samples were collected weekly from the first to the fourth week and analysed for crude fat, crude protein, ash and carbohydrate contents. The nutritional content of all the substrates did not differ in the first week. However, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate significantly differed in the second, third, and fourth weeks. Larval survival, larval duration and weight of larvae were significantly affected by the changes in the nutrient content of the substrates in the second, third and fourth weeks. The results showed that elephant ear corm, sliced false yam and palm yolk have necessary nutritional requirements to sustain the larvae during development.

Differential cell size reduction of two sympatric Epithemia (Bacillariophyta) taxa in Nakaikemi Wetland, Japan

SUMMARYWe observed contrasting temporal changes in cell size between two Epithemia taxa. The life cycle of diatoms is closely linked to their cell size, with a gradual decrease during the vegetative stage and a recovery through sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is triggered when cells become smaller than a species‐specific size threshold and receive species‐specific environmental cues. Few studies have documented the life cycles and frequency of sexual reproduction in diatoms, combining field observations and laboratory culture. We collected two Epithemia taxa, Epithemia gibba var. ventricosa and Epithemia sp. from a pond in Nakaikemi Wetland, and measured their valve lengths monthly for almost 3 years. Additionally, we established cultures of both taxa to examine the rates of cell size reduction, which affect the duration of the vegetative stage. In the field, E. gibba var. ventricosa exhibited a wide range of cell sizes and signs of size recovery. Furthermore, the cultures of this taxon showed a clear decrease in cell size through division, suggesting that sexual reproduction is required for size recovery. On the other hand, Epithemia sp. showed no obvious change in cell size both in the field and in the laboratory. This suggests that either sexual reproduction is not necessary for this taxon to maintain its population or their life cycle extends over several years to several decades. Thus, our findings reveal congeneric taxa sharing a common habitat and substratum, yet exhibiting distinct sexual and asexual strategies. Furthermore, we question the validity of taxonomic classifications previously assigned to these diatoms based on the range of morphological characteristics observed in the present study.

A Detailed Study of Boiling Phenomena in Forced Convective Quenching Experiments

A detailed study at the microscopic level of the transient behavior of boiling phenomena during quenching of an AISI 304 stainless steel, conical-end, cylindrical probe in flowing water at 60 °C was conducted using high-speed video recordings and cooling curve data acquisition. Two free-stream velocities (0.2 and 0.6 m/s) and two initial probe temperatures (850 and 950 °C) were investigated. It was complemented by video recordings at 60 fps to calculate the wetting front velocity. Surface heat flux histories at the thermocouple positions were estimated by solving the corresponding Inverse Heat Conduction Problem. As the water velocity increases the duration of the vapor film at each thermocouple position shortens and the difference among cooling curves at the thermocouple positions decreases. Increasing the initial temperature increases the duration of the vapor film stage. The wetting front velocity increased from 4 to 6 m/s. The time to reach the maximum surface heat flux at the position of the thermocouple closest to the probe tip ranged from 9.7 to 18 s. Undulations at the vapor-liquid interface that appear periodically and propagate in the direction of quenchant flow were observed early during the vapor film stage. Later, before the collapse of the vapor film, a kind of a shock wave was generated at the probe tip which modified the appearance of the film. Once the Leidenfrost temperature is reached, a wetting front (which consists of many small bubbles that coalesce rapidly in a very small area) is formed and travels in the direction of quenchant flow while fewer and larger bubbles nucleate and grow upstream. The nucleation, growth and detachment of the larger bubbles was studied; as the free-stream velocity decreases larger values of bubble maximum diameter and half-life time were observed, while the initial temperature has a marginal effect on these quantities.

Umbilical arterial lactate levels after normal vaginal and elective cesarean delivery: The role of a longer active second stage most significant in high levels after vaginal delivery.

To evaluate umbilical arterial lactate concentrations after spontaneous vaginal delivery and after elective Cesarean delivery, and to study the simultaneous effects of maternal and obstetric variables in high lactate levels in vaginally delivered healthy term singletons. The birth register study included information about the umbilical artery lactate values and clinical perinatal data from 7723 women and their singleton newborns (7301 spontaneous vaginal and 422 elective cesareans) from Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. High lactate levels were evaluated more extensively among healthy term neonates (N = 6541), to evaluate high levels after normal vaginal labors. The mean lactate level was significantly lower after elective cesarean compared to vaginal delivery (2.42 [0.94] vs. 3.56 [1.62] mmol/l; p < 0.0001). Consequently, the 90th percentile limit values were 3.60 and 5.80 mmol/L. Among healthy term newborns born vaginally, higher lactate values (≥5.80 mmol/L) were independently associated with a longer duration of the active second stage of labor (ORs 1.91-10.97) and duration of ruptured fetal membranes (ORs 1.36-2.46), higher gestational age at birth (ORs 1.41-1.86), null parity (OR 2.17), maternal infection (OR 1.81) and short maternal stature (OR 1.45). We report 90th/95th limits for umbilical arterial lactate values in relation to the various durations of labors for term newborns who are delivered by the vaginal route. Even though the high umbilical lactate levels may indicate serious birth asphyxia, levels after vaginal birth reflect the physiological stress and subclinical transient asphyxia frequently seen in normal vaginal deliveries.

Effects of early- and late- neuraxial analgesia on multiparous women: a retrospective monocentric study.

The mechanism underlying maternal fever and prolonged labor progression associated with neuraxial analgesia (NA) remains elusive, raising concerns among certain pregnant women regarding the application of NA during vaginal delivery. This study aimed to investigate the impact of early and late NA on maternal and neonatal outcomes in multiparous women. This retrospective study collected data from 1119 multiparous women with singleton pregnancies, full term and live births at our labor and delivery center between August 1st, 2021 and July 31st, 2022. Based on the timing of NA initiation, participants were categorized into three groups: no-NA, early-NA and late-NA. The no-NA group comprised of 172 women who did not receive NA during vaginal delivery; the early-NA group included 603 women in which NA was initiated when cervical dilation was between 0.5 and 2.0cm; and the late-NA group comprising 344 cases in which NA was initiated at the cervical dilation of ≥ 2cm. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were observed, including durations of the first, second, third and total stage of labor, the rate of intrapartum cesarean delivery (CD), intrapartum fever, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and neonatal Apgar scores at 1 and 5min. No differences were noted in the maternal age, body mass index (BMI) on admission, gestations, parity, gestational weeks at delivery and neonatal birth weight, or the rate of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertension disorder did not significantly differ among the three groups (p > 0.05). The no-NA group had shorter durations of first stage, second stage of labor compared to the early-NA or late-NA group (median, 215.0min and 10.0min vs. 300.0min and 12.0min vs. 280.0min and 13.0min) (p < 0.05), but no differences were observed between the early-NA and late-NA group (p > 0.05). There were no differences in the rate of intrapartum CD, intrapartum fever, PPH, maternal transferred to ICU, neonatal transfer to NICU, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and postpartum stay ≥ 7d, as well as the neonatal the Apgar scores at 1 and 5min among the three groups (p > 0.05). NA is associated with extended durations of the first, second and total stages of labor. However, the early initiation of NA in multiparous women (cervical dilation within 0.5-2.0cm) does not increase the risk of intrapartum CD or intrapartum fever. These findings endorse the secure utilization of early NA for pain relief during labor in multiparous women.

Duration time of labor progression for pregnant women of vaginal birth after cesarean in Hubei, China.

There have been limited reports on the duration of labor progression in pregnant women undergoing vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). This study aimed to investigate the duration of labor progression during VBAC in Hubei, China. A total of 359 pregnant women undergoing VBAC were enrolled as the VBAC group, meeting the following criteria: singleton pregnancy, gestational age ≥ 37weeks, live birth, history of cesarean delivery, and a willingness to attempt a vaginal delivery. At the same time, 359 primiparas successfully undergoing vaginal delivery were randomly enrolled in the control group at a 1:1 ratio. Subsequently, the durations of the first, second, and third stages of labor were comparatively analyzed between the two groups. The duration of the first, second, and total stages of labor in the VBAC group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the duration of the third stage of labor between the two groups (p > 0.05). The amount of blood loss, the rate of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and episiotomy were higher in the VBAC group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The rate of labor analgesia and intrapartum fever in the VBAC group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The duration of labor progression of the first, second, and total stages of VBAC is shorter than that in primiparous women in our observation in China.

Risk factors associated with severe perineal tear at Public Hospitals in Bahir Dar town, Northwest Ethiopia

Background: Birth-related perineal trauma is a public health issue that can lead to significant maternal morbidity in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Research on the proportion and underlying factors of birth-related severe perineal tears is rare, both in the study area and throughout Ethiopia. As a result, this study was intended to determine the proportion of birth-related severe perineal tears and associated factors at hospitals in Bahir Dar town, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at government hospitals in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Five hundred fifteen study subjects were selected using a systematic sampling technique. The data was collected through chart reviews and interviews. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 23. A binary logistic regression was employed to identify factors, and an adjusted odds ratio and a 95% CI were used to estimate the strength of relationships. Statistical significance was declared at p-value &lt; 0.05. Result: The prevalence of severe perineal tears was 7.4%. Previous history of a perineal tear (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.24–7.59), being nullipara (AOR = 4.03, 95% CI = 1.42–11.44), occipito-posterior position (AOR = 5.49, 95% CI = 2.27–13.28), duration of second stage of labor &gt; 2 h (AOR = 5.42, 95% CI = 2.26–12.99), birth attendant’s work experience &lt;1 year (AOR = 5.98, 95% CI = 2.16–16.57) were found to be associated with birth-related severe perineal tear. Conclusion: The proportion of birth-related severe perineal tears was high at governmental hospitals in Bahir Dar town. Previous history of perineal tear, work experience of birth attendants, duration of the second stage of labor, being nullipara, and occipito-posterior position were the major determinants of severe perineal tear. This study suggests that strategies and regulations should be developed to shorten the second stage of labor.

Combination of DNA ploidy, stroma, and nucleotyping predicting prognosis and tailoring adjuvant chemotherapy duration in stage III colon cancer.

DNA ploidy (P), stroma fraction (S), and nucleotyping (N) collectively known as PSN, have proven prognostic accuracy in stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). However, few studies have reported on the prognostic value of the PSN panel in stage III colon cancer patients receiving capecitabine and oxaliplatin adjuvant chemotherapy. This study aimed to validate PSN's prognostic impact on stage III colon cancer, identifying candidates for optimized adjuvant chemotherapy duration. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of stage III colon cancer patients from April 2008 to June 2020. Postoperative pathological samples from stage III colon cancer patients who underwent radical surgery and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively collected. Automated digital imaging assessed PSN, categorizing risk groups. Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis compared model validity. Significant differences in 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were noted among PSN-based low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups (DFS: 92.10% versus 83.62% versus 79.80%, p = 0.029; OS: 96.69% versus 93.99% versus 90.12%, p = 0.016). PSN emerged as an independent prognostic factor for DFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.409, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.002-1.981, p = 0.049] and OS (HR = 1.720, 95% CI: 1.127-2.624, p = 0.012). The PSN model, incorporating perineural invasion and tumor location, displayed superior area under the curve for 5-year (0.692 versus 0.553, p = 0.020) and 10-year (0.694 versus 0.532, p = 0.006) DFS than TNM stage. In the PSN high-risk group, completing eight cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved 5-year DFS and OS compared to four to seven cycles (DFS: 89.43% versus 71.52%, p = 0.026; OS: 96.77% versus 85.46%, p = 0.007). The PSN panel effectively stratifies stage III colon cancer, aiding in optimized adjuvant chemotherapy duration determination.

The Scaling of Vortical Electron Acceleration in Thin-current Magnetic Reconnection and Its Implications in Solar Flares

To investigate how magnetic reconnection (MR) accelerates electrons to a power-law energy spectrum in solar flares, we explore the scaling of a kinetic model proposed by Che & Zank (CZ) and compare it to observations. Focusing on thin current sheet MR particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we analyze the impact of domain size on the evolution of the electron Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (EKHI). We find that the duration of the growth stage of the EKHI ( tG∼Ωe−1 ) is short and remains nearly unchanged because the electron gyrofrequency Ω e is independent of domain size. The quasi-steady stage of the EKHI (t MR) dominates the electron acceleration process and scales linearly with the size of the simulations as L/v A0, where v A0 is the Alfvén speed. We use the analytical results obtained by CZ to calculate the continuous temporal evolution of the electron energy spectra from PIC simulations and linearly scale them to solar flare observational scales. For the first time, an electron acceleration model predicts the sharp two-stage transition observed in typical soft–hard–harder electron energy spectra, implying that the electron acceleration model must be efficient with an acceleration timescale that is a small fraction of the duration of solar flares. Our results suggest that we can use PIC MR simulations to investigate the observational electron energy spectral evolution of solar flares if the ratio t MR/t G is sufficiently small, i.e., ≲10%.

Caracterização da Antixenose e antibiose em cultivares de soja a Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

ABSTRACT: Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of America, and is an important pest of Fabaceae, such as: soybean, peanut, common bean, cowpea, pea, chickpea and kudzu. In soybean, the velvet bean caterpillar is important due to the plant defoliation in their larval stage. This study evaluated soybean cultivars as source of resistance to A. gemmatalis by antixenosis (attractiveness and non-preference for feeding) and antibiosis (biological parameters of the insect). The parameters evaluated were: antixenosis: attractiveness and non-preference, dry mass consumed and attractiveness index and antibiosis: duration of larval and pupal stages, adult longevity, total cycle, larval and pupal weights and larval, pupal and total viability. Considering antixenosis and antibiosis the least suitable cultivars for A. gemmatalis were found to be BRS 8383 IPRO, BRS 1074 IPRO, BRS 1061 IPRO, BRS 7180 IPRO, BRS 9383 IPRO, BRS 8980 IPRO and BRS 1003 IPRO due to high mortality in the larval phase. The cultivars BRS 523 and BRS 543 RR “block technology” suggest displays antixenosis and or antibiosis to A. gemmatalis. These cultivars can be used by soybean producers in combination with other control tactics in soybean IPM.

387 Duration of Third Stage of Labor and Maternal Hemorrhagic Adverse Outcomes

387 Duration of Third Stage of Labor and Maternal Hemorrhagic Adverse Outcomes