Duration Research Articles

The eating attitudes, sleep and personality characteristics, and effects of on acne severity in adolescents with acne vulgaris

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a very common dermatological problem during adolescence. It is reported that it has a multifactorial etiology and nutritional attitudes, insufficient and poor-quality sleep may cause increased severity of AV. Aim: We aimed to investigate the sleep, eating attitudes and personality traits, and their effects on acne severity in adolescents with acne. Methods: The study sample was formed of 37 adolescent girls aged 12–18 years who presented at the University Dermatology Clinic and were diagnosed with AV and 37 adolescents without AV-matched age and gender. Eating attitude test, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) Personality Inventory Child Form, and child and parent forms of DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders were applied to in both groups. The AV severity assessed by using the Global Acne Grading Scale (GAGS). Psychiatric diagnosis was excluded with clinical interview according to the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-aged children: Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T). Results: The mean age of adolescents with and without AV was 15.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.7), 15.4 (SD = 1.8), respectively. The mean disease duration of adolescents with AV was 20.4 (SD = 15.2) months, and the mean GAGS score was 23.24 (SD = 9.4). It was determined that eating attitudes, sleep, and personality characteristics of adolescents were similar in both groups. Eating attitudes, sleep, and personality characteristics had no direct effect on acne severity. Conclusion: Although this study demonstrates that eating attitudes, sleep, and personality characteristics were similar in adolescents with and without AV and these variables had no effect on acne severity, these results may have been obtained because of the severity scores of adolescents with AV were “moderate.” There is a need for researches examining these variables in adolescents with “severe” AV.

基于防洪排涝设计的鄂州市短历时暴雨雨型研究

基于防洪排涝设计的鄂州市短历时暴雨雨型研究

Clinical features of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and peripheral lymphocytopenia

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical features of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and peripheral lymphocytopenia. METHODS A total of 310 MPP children who were hospitalized and underwent bronchoalveolar lavage from June 2018 to June 2019 were enrolled and divided into two groups: simple MPP group with 241 children (without peripheral lymphocytopenia) and MPP + peripheral lymphocytopenia group with 69 children. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical data and treatment outcome. RESULTS Compared with the simple MPP group, the MPP + peripheral lymphocytopenia group had significantly longer duration of fever and length of hospital stay and significant increases in C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA copies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P < 0.05). Compared with the simple MPP group, the MPP + peripheral lymphocytopenia group had significantly higher incidence rates of intrapulmonary consolidation, extrapulmonary complications, and serious lesions under bronchoscopy (erosion or sputum bolt) and a significantly higher proportion of patients with severe MPP (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children with MPP and peripheral lymphocytopenia tend to have more severe immunologic injury. Peripheral blood lymphocyte count may be used to evaluate the severity of MPP.

Comparison of Ketamine, Lignocaine, and Fentanyl on Dose Requirement of Propofol in Patients Undergoing ERCP: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Propofol is the most common drug used for providing sedation due to its short duration of action and early recovery. However, it may be associated with hypotension, desaturations, and bradycardia and does not provide analgesia, due to which various adjuncts are used along with it. Lignocaine decreases the doses of propofol and inhalational agent when used for visceral surgeries. Thus, we conducted a study to compare the dose of propofol along with lignocaine, ketamine, and fentanyl for sedation in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure. Methods: A total of 105 patients were randomized into three groups. Sedation was provided by intravenous bolus injection of propofol 1 mg/kg in all patients followed by infusion of 0.5 mg/kg/hour. In group K bolus dose of intravenous ketamine was 0.5 mg/kg followed by infusion of 0.3 mg/kg/hour, in group L patients were given intravenous bolus of lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg followed by a infusion of 2 mg/kg/hour, in group F the matched volume of saline and 1 μ/kg fentanyl were administered. Intermittent boluses of propofol were given in all three groups in response to patients’ discomfort evidenced by grimaces, movement, or increase in heart rate or mean arterial pressure by >20% of baseline. The total dose of propofol consumed in the three groups was noted. Results: The total dose of propofol consumed and post-procedure abdominal pain was significantly higher in the fentanyl group but was comparable in lignocaine and ketamine groups. Conclusion: Lignocaine and ketamine were equally effective in deceasing propofol requirement and in preventing post-ERCP abdominal pain.

Delayed gastric emptying after subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: pancreatogastrostomy vs pancreatojejunostomy

Objective The relation between type of pancreatic remnant reconstruction and delayed gastric emptying (DGE) following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is unclear. The authors are trying to detect the incidence of DGE following PD and its relation to both types of pancreatic remnant anastomosis, pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) and pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ). Patient and methods This retrospective study included 44 patients who underwent PD. These patients were classified according to the type of pancreatic anastomosis into two groups: PG group and PJ group. The development of DGE and its combination with intra-abdominal complications (IACs) was compared between both groups. Risk factors responsible for clinically evident DGE were analyzed. Results The incidence of GDE in both PG and PJ was 27.3%. DGE was strongly associated with IACs, particularly pancreatic fistula. Furthermore, DGE occurred more commonly with PG than PJ. Although IACs developed at a similar rate in both types of pancreatic reconstruction, DGE in combination with IACs was more frequent with PG. Durations of both nasogastric tube and solid diet tolerance were prolonged in DGE patients in comparison with non-DGE patients. Moreover, prokinetic use, nasogastric tube reinsertion, and vomiting were more frequent in DGE patients than non-DGE patients. Conclusion DGE was strongly associated IACs. Regarding the type of pancreatic reconstruction, DGE is more common with PG than PJ. This may be because IACs developed more frequently with PG, resulting in more frequent development of DGE.

Comparative evaluation of clonidine and dexamethasone as adjuvants to ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block

Aim: This study aims to study the effect of addition of clonidine and dexamethasone to ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided TAP block in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. We primarily compared the quality and duration of postoperative analgesia. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind study was done after taking approval from Institutional Ethical Committee and written informed consent from all the patients. Sixty patients undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups: Group-RC (n = 30) and Group-RD (n = 30). Patients in both the groups were given bilateral ultrasound-guided TAP block at the end of surgery. Patients in Group-RC received 20 ml ropivacaine 0.2% with 75 μg clonidine on each side and patients in Group-RD received 20 ml ropivacaine 0.2% with 4 mg dexamethasone on each side. Results: Visual analogue scale score for pain was significantly less in Group-RC as compared to Group-RD at all-time intervals (P Conclusion: Addition of Clonidine (75 μg) to ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided TAP block provides better and prolonged postoperative analgesia as compared to addition of dexamethasone (4 mg) without any significant side-effects.

“She entered a room like a self-portrait”: Duration and Unfinish in Pegi Nicol MacLeod’s Self-Portraits

Entre 1925 et 1939, l’artiste canadienne Pegi Nicol MacLeod a réalisé un certain nombre d’autoportraits modernistes, intimes et introspectifs. Les critiques et les collègues de MacLeod ont souvent décrit ses peintures comme inachevées, précipitées, bâclées et manquant d’organisation, ce qui vaut pour l’ensemble de son oeuvre. Cet essai est une tentative pour lever le silence dans lequel MacLeod est plongée depuis sa mort, et ce, malgré la grande considération dont jouissait son art de son vivant. Je soutiens que la qualité ouverte, expressionniste et expérimentale des peintures de MacLeod va à l’encontre de la conception masculine du chef-d’oeuvre comme création entièrement aboutie. De plus, la lecture de ses oeuvres comme inachevées témoigne des préjugés liés aux genres dans la réception de son travail. En m’éloignant d’une interprétation psycho-biographique de ses peintures, je soutiens que les autoportraits de MacLeod sont profondément ambigus et incitent à une observation prolongée.

Physical exercises and associated factors among college students during COVID-19 pandemic

Objective To understand physical exercises and associated factors among college students COVID-19 pandemic, and to provide a reference for promoting physical exercise of college students at home. Methods A convenient questionnaire survey was used to investigate the physical exercise and associated factors of 1 132 college students in 6 colleges in Beijing. Results A total of 1 033(91.25%) college students participated in physical exercise; with an average of (3.33±1.99) times per week, the length of each exercise was (39.24±13.23) min, and the subjective sense of exercise intensity was (2.61±0.99). Differences in exercise frequency, duration and intensity differed significantly by gender ( P <0.05). Differences in exercise frequency were significantly by grades and places of residence ( P <0.05). The exercise items of college students differed by genders and places of residence were statistically significant ( P <0.05). Students with different exercise motivations showed significant differences in exercise behaviors ( P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that grade, lack of interest in exercise, limited venues, incomplete equipment, family sports atmosphere, and school requirements were associated with participation in physical exercise behavior at home ( P <0.05). Conclusion The status of home physical exercise for college students needs to be improved. It is necessary to combine college students’ exercise motivation and characteristics of exercise items based on school physical education, and to establish a family-school-society network interactive platform to form an effective linkage mechanism to promote college students’ active participation in physical exercise at home. 【摘要】 目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称 “新冠肺炎” ）疫情期间大学生体育锻炼行为现状及影响因素, 为促进大学 生居家体育锻炼提供参考。 方法 方便抽取北京市6所高校1 132名大学生利用问卷星进行体育锻炼行为与影响因素问 卷调查。 结果 1 033名（91.25%)大学生居家参与体育锻炼, 每周锻炼频次为（3.33±1.99)次, 每次锻炼时长为（39.24± 13.23)min, 锻炼强度主观感觉值为（2.61±0.99)。不同性别大学生锻炼频次、时长和强度差异均有统计学意义, 不同年级 和居住地大学生锻炼频次差异有统计学意义( P 值均<0.05);不同性别、居住地大学生锻炼项目差异有统计学意义（ P 值均 <0.05);不同锻炼动机大学生锻炼行为差异有统计学意义（ P 值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示, 年级、缺乏锻炼 兴趣、场地受限、器械不全、家庭运动氛围、学校要求是大学生居家参与体育锻炼行为的影响因素（ P 值均<0.05)。 结论 大学生居家体育锻炼现状有待改善, 应结合大学生锻炼动机和锻炼项目特征, 基于学校体育教学, 建立家庭-学校-社会的 网络互动平台, 形成有效联动机制, 促进大学生居家积极参与体育锻炼的行为。

Uses of FiLaC laser as a sphincter-preserving technique in closure of fistula tract in Upper Egypt

Aim Treatment of anal fistula as one of anorectal disease is difficult. Anal incontinence and recurrence of fistula are fearful morbidities of surgeons. Many techniques for sphincter preservation such as internal sphincter fistula tract attachment, anorectal flap application, and bioprosthetic plugs have been tried to overcome the complications. This article aimed to estimate the safety and efficacy of the FiLaC method in the management of fistulous tract. Patients and methods A total of 26 patients (22 males, four females) who underwent FiLaC diode laser treatment between October 2019 and October 2020 were admitted at the Surgical Department, Al Azhar University Hospital, Assiut, and Al-Rowad Hospital, Assiut. They were retrospectively analyzed for age and sex, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologist score, duration of operation, fistula types, complications, and patient satisfaction. FiLaC a 15-W laser probe with a wavelength of 1470 nm and a power of 100–120 J/cm was applied to the fistulous track under the spinal anesthesia. Results The number of male patients were 22 and female patients were four, and the mean age was 35.55±10.32 years. The mean time of operation was 18.37±5.27 min. Intraoperative complications were not recorded. The period of follow-up was 12 months. A total of 23 (88.46%) patients recovered. There were three (11.53%) failures. Satisfaction score of the patients was 4.62±1.07. Conclusion FiLaC laser for the use of closure of fistulous tract is an effective, safe, minimally invasive technique for preservation of the anal sphincter, with a high success rate.

A comparative study on effect of 4% gelatin and dextran-40 on blood glucose levels during surgery under subarachnoid block - A randomized, prospective study

Background: Stress response to surgery induces hyperglycemia to a limited extent. An additive hyperglycemic response, secondary to the metabolism of intravenous fluids, can thus prove detrimental to the well-being of the patient, if ignored. Aim and Objectives: Our study aimed to examine and compare the effects of 4% gelatin and dextran-40 on blood glucose levels during surgery under subarachnoid block and their potential to induce hyperglycemia. Materials and Methods: Sixty ASA grade I and II patients were randomized into two groups, 30 patients in each. Group 1 patients were preloaded with 4% gelatin (10 mL/kg) and Group 2 patients were preloaded with Dextran-40 in normal saline (10 mL/kg), over a period of 30 min. Just prior to preloading, baseline capillary blood glucose (CBG) level was noted this is followed by subsequent readings at 20 min interval until 100 min from baseline reading. All patients received normal saline (0.9%) as a maintenance fluid. Under strict aseptic precautions, subarachnoid block using 15 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine at L3–L4 or L4–L5 level was given after preloading. Results: Both groups are comparable in age, weight, sex, age-wise distribution, type and duration of surgery. The CBG levels in both the groups at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 min from the baseline were within physiological limits. In group 2, the maximum mean blood glucose level of 98.53 ± 14.57 mg/dL was found at 60 min from onset of preloading, which was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.017) when compared with corresponding blood glucose level (86.50 ± 10.44 mg/dL) in group 1. Conclusion: Preloading the patients prior to subarachnoid block with 4% gelatin or dextran 40 does not raise CBG levels significantly above the physiological limits.

Effect of low dose ketamine on perioperative analgesia in patients undergoing open abdominal hysterectomy - A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Low-dose ketamine can provide effective perioperative analgesia while reducing its side effects. This study aims to estimate the effect of a low dose of ketamine administered preemptively and during the surgery on postoperative opioid requirement and the incidence of side effects of ketamine. Methods: This prospective, double-blind, randomized control trial enrolled 60 adult women (>18 years) scheduled for open abdominal hysterectomy. All patients received general anesthesia using a standard protocol. Patients were randomized to receive 0.2 mg/kg of ketamine as bolus before induction of anesthesia, followed by an infusion of 0.002 mg/kg/min for the duration of surgery (Group K) or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline (Group C). The primary outcome was to compare the morphine requirement over the 24 h postoperatively between the two groups. The secondary outcomes were to compare the intraoperative morphine requirement, and the incidence of side effects of ketamine. Results: The intraoperative morphine requirement was significantly less (P = 0.006) in those who received ketamine (6.5 ± 1.5 mg) compared to the placebo (7.67 ± 1.7 mg). The 24-hour morphine requirement was less in the Group K (7.87 ± 4.7 mg) compared to Group C (9.2 ± 4.5 mg), but was not statistically significant. The incidence of hallucination and nystagmus was significantly higher in the ketamine group, but it lasted Conclusion: The preemptive and the intraoperative infusion of low-dose ketamine decreases the morphine requirement intraoperatively but not during the postoperative period.

KEFIR OF KEJI BELING TEA (Strobilanthes crispus) AS FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGE FOR GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE

Kefir is beverage fermented product, it is usually made from milk. However, there is an arising concern about lactose intolerant. Therefore, taking benefit of herbal tea solution as raw material of kefir will give multiple benefits. The used tea solution was made from keji beling leaves (Strobilanthes crispus L.) which has many benefits. Kefir beverage is probiotic beverage which is beneficial for digestion health and can keep immune system, as well as keji beling tea which is rich in antioxidants. The used design in this research was Complete Randomized Design (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) with 4 levels of treatment namely: concentration of keji beling 0%, 10% and 15% with fermentation duration of 12 hours and 24 hours. Based on the research result pointed out the obvious effect between treatment toward pH, total polyphenols, total acetic acid, and total glucose with p score = 0,00. The result of lactic acid bacteria (BAL) total is 1,914 x107 CFU/mL and yeast total is 1,532 x 107 CFU/mL on concentration of 15% kefir of keji beling tea with fermentation duration of 24 hours. Result for organoleptic test shows the obvious effect (p=0,00) between the treatment toward parameters of taste, aroma, color and power. Panelist takes pleasure on the treatment P1 with concentration of horsewhip tea 150% in fermentation duration of 24 hours. Key words : Kefir, Keji beling tea (Strobilanthes crispus L), Fermented Beverage.

Wearing face mask during physical exercise

Wearing face mask during physical exercise

Voleibol de Praia: Análise Temporal e Respostas Endócrinas de Atletas de Nível Nacional

The aim of this study was to characterize temporal aspects and to verify the acute effect of a beach volleyball game on testosterone, cortisol and T:C ratio in young athletes. Participants were 16 male athletes (age= 17 ± 2,44 years, height= 1,84 ± 0,06 m, body mass 76,23 ± 9,54 kg, BMI 22,35 ± 1,92, number of training sessions per week 4 ± 1,20 days). Athletes made a match with official rules which was filmed for analysis. Saliva was used to measure testosterone and cortisol levels and testosterone/cortisol ratio (T:C ratio) was calculated. Hormonal analyzes were done in duplicate using ELISA method and comparisons between beginning of the match, end of the first set and end of the match using Anova one-way of repeated measures. Total match duration was 30 min and 49s (± 0.01s), with rallies of 6s (± 01s) and time between rallies of 20s (± 0.02s). Cortisol showed a linear tendency increasing over time and T:C ratio showed a quadratic tendency reducing at the end of first set and reestablishing at the end of the game. It is noteworthy that a beach volleyball match lasting approximately 30 minutes promotes enough stimulus to generate impact on endocrine markers. Keywords: Athletes, Biological markers, Biomarkers, Athletic performance.

Analisar o uso de cepas probióticas no tratamento da diarreia aguda

As cepas probióticas são microorganismos geralmente vivos que apresentam pouca ou inexistência de patogenicidade, adicionadas a alimentos, remédios e suplementos alimentares. O objetivo desta revisão é analisar o uso de cepas probióticas no tratamento de diarreia aguda. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de uma busca nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs em inglês, português e espanhol. Todos os artigos foram selecionados a partir da leitura do titulo e do resumo que analisaram cepas probióticas no tratamento da diarreia aguda. Para recuparar as informações desejadas aplicaram-se os descritores e a lógica booleana utilizando os seguintes termos de interesse: (“Probiotic”) AND (Saccharomyces boulardii) OR (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) OR (Lactobacillus reuterii) AND ("acute diarrhea") NOT (review). Inicialmente foram encontrados 184 estudos sobre uso de probóticos no tratamento da diarreia aguda dos quais 163 foram encontrados na base de dados da Pubmed, 11 na Scilelo e 10 na Lilacs. Após os critérios de seleção de exclusão e inclusão rertaram 7 estudos na Pubmed, 1 estudo na Scielo e nenhum estudo na Lilacs, totalizndo 8 estudos incluidos na revisão. Os resultados apontaram que os probióticos quando administrados em doses adequadas, podem reduzir tempo de duração e frequência das evacuações ao paciente com diarreias agudas.

Knowledge of Complications of Diabetes Mellitus among Patients Visiting the Diabetic Center in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, April to June 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disorder currently affecting over 350 million people worldwide. Also, another one billion people in the world are pre-diabetic, who may eventually end up with full- blown diabetes. The disorder is rapidly increasing out of proportion in both developed and developing countries, especially T2DM, which is associated with modern lifestyle habits such as reduced physical activity, diet, obesity and genetic factors. If left untreated, DM can lead to a number of diseases and long-term complications leading subsequently to death. In Saudi Arabia national healthcare burden because of diabetes is likely to exceed $0.87 billion; it omits the indirect costs associated with diabetes, such as absenteeism, loss of productivity from disease-related complications, unemployment due to disability and early mortality by disease. Complications of diabetes mellitus include problems that develop rapidly (acute) or over time (chronic) and may affect many organ systems. The complications of diabetes can dramatically impair quality of life and cause long-lasting disability. Aim of the study: To assess the level of knowledge regarding complications of diabetes mellitus and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients. Method: cross sectional descriptive study conducted at among Patients with diabetes mellitus in the Diabetic Center in Al-Noor Hospital, 2020. The Sample size of diabetic patients attending in the Diabetic Center. Our total participants were (300). Results: most of the participants (26.6%) were in the age group 45-50 years the majority of them were males (81.2%), most of participants married were (81.2%), occupation the majority of participant are working were (78.0%). Knowledge of the participant toward diabetes and Practices average (43.2%, 43.8%) while attitude the majority of participant in negative attitude (93.2%), that is a significant relation between knowledge and demographic data regarding age, gender and duration of diabetes mellitus P-value=<0.001. A significant relation between practices and demographic data regarding age, marital status and duration P-value=<0.001. A significant relation between attitude and demographic data regarding age, gender and duration of diabetes mellitus P-value=<0.001. Conclusion: Chronic complications of DM are caused largely by HG-induced cellular and molecular impairment of neural and vascular structure and function. HG-induced oxidative stress is a major contributor in the development of long-term complications of DM. DM-induced neuropathy and angiopathy, in turn, may lead to the dysfunction of cells, tissues and organ systems.

A time-series analysis on the effects of climate on outpatient visits for psoriasis

Objective Through the relationship between climatic factors such as average temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration and the number of outpatient visits of psoriasis patients, the influence of climatic factors on the pathogenesis of psoriasis was discussed. Methods We collected daily local outpatient visits' data for psoriasis from The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province in Haikou, Hainan, from January 1 2016 to December 31 2018. Climatic factors, including average temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration, during the same time were collected from Hainan Meteorological Bureau. Firstly, sequence diagrams were used to observe the average temperature, relative humidity and sunshine duration to determine the stationarity of sequence diagrams. Secondly, through the autocorrelation figure, partial autocorrelation, periodic correlation diagram was used to determine whether there is the correlation, and delay order number. The simple linear regression was carried out to determine the relationship between the various factors. Finally, the summation of time series analysis of the independent variable ARIMAX (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with an Independent variable) was used to fit the model and ultimately determine which climatic factors contribute to psoriasis. ARIMAX model parameters are calculated by auto-arima function in R language software. Results Weekly outpatient visits for psoriasis was correlated with the weekly average sunshine duration and the weekly average temperature, but not with humidity. There was a significant correlation between the weekly average temperature and the sunshine duration. The regression equation between them was as follows: Average temperature =183.427 + 0.159 23x duration of sunshine duration ( R 2 =0.512 4, P <0.001). Conclusions Changes in average temperature or sunshine duration can cause changes in the number of outpatient visits for psoriasis patients in Hainan province. These two climatic factors may be the influencing factors for the incidence of psoriasis patients in Hainan Province. 摘要：目的 通过平均气温、相对湿度和日照时长等气候因素与银屑病患者门诊就诊人数之间的联系, 探讨气候 因素对银屑病发病的影响。 方法 收集自2016年1月1日到2018年12月31日海南省第五人民医院银屑病患者门诊 每周的就诊人数。同时收集同一时间的气象资料 , 包括平均气温、相对湿度 、 日照时长等, 所有气候数据均来自海南省 气象局。首先通过时序图观察获知平均气温、相对湿度、日照时长的变化趋势, 初步确定时序图的平稳性, 再通过自相 关图、偏自相关相关图确定是否存在自相关性、周期性、以及延迟阶数, 并通过简单线性回归确定各因素之间的关系, 最后通过时间序列分析中带自变量的求和自回归移动平均模型（Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with an Independent variable, ARIMAX)来拟合模型, 最终确定哪些气候因素是银屑病发病的影响因素。ARIMAX模型参数通过R 语言软件中的自动定阶auto.arima函数来计算获得。 结果 每周银屑病就诊人数与周平均日照时长和周平均气温之间 存在相关性, 与相对湿度不存相关性;而周平均气温与周日照时长之间存在明显相关性, 两者间回归方程:平均气温= 183.427+0.159 23X周日照时长( R 2 =0.512 4, P <0.001)。 结论 平均气温或日照时长的变化可以引起海南省银屑病患者 门诊就诊人数的变化, 此两项气候因素可能是海南省银屑病患者发病的影响因素。

Analysis of influencing factors of screened myopia in primary school students in seven provinces

Objective To understand the current situation and associated factors of myopia among primary school students, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of myopia among primary school students. Methods In Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi and other provinces, 1 prefecture was selected, and a number of primary schools were selected from each region. All the students in the class were selected as the object of this survey. A total of 8 365 middle school students were examined for their eyesight, and the data of general population economic indicators and natural environment indicators were obtained through the statistical yearbook of various provinces and cities. The influencing factors of primary school students’ myopia were analyzed by chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression. Results Univariate analysis showed that different provinces and different sex, different nationalities, different grade, parents’ average salary, sunshine duration, air temperature, altitude, longitude, latitude, different economic zone(χ 2 = 116.22, 18.08, 26.33, 1 059.04, 14.86, 10.28, 16.95, 10.01, 23.15, 29.43, 88.14, P <0.05). Multivariate analysis results showed that gender, grade, sunshine duration, longitude were risk factor for poor vision ( OR = 1.31, 1.71, 1.45, 1.54, P <0.05); Economic zone and parents’ salary were protective factors for poor eyesight of students ( OR = 0.65, 0.86, P <0.05). Conclusion Myopia of primary school students is affected by a variety of factors, economic and social factors and natural environmental factors have an impact on the screening. 【摘要】 目的 了解小学生筛查性近视现况, 分析其影响因素, 为小学生近视防控提供科学依据。 方法 在甘肃、广东、 广西、贵州、辽宁、山东、山西7省份各选取1个地市, 每个地区选取若干所小学, 抽到的班级全体学生作为调查对象。对抽 中的8 365名学生进行视力检查, 通过各省市统计年鉴获取一般人口经济学指标和自然环境指标数据, 通过单因素;χ 2 检验 和多因素Logistic回归分析小学生筛查性近视的影响因素。 结果 单因素分析结果显示, 不同省份、性别、民族、年级、父母 年平均工资、年平均日照时长、年平均气温、平均海拔高度、经度、纬度、经济分区小学生的筛查性近视率差异均有统计学意 义(χ 2 值分别为 116.22, 18.08,26.33, 1 059.04, 14.86, 10.28, 16.95, 10.01, 23.15,29.43, 88.14, P 值均<0.05)。多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示, 性别、年级、日照时长、经度与筛查性近视呈正相关 ( OR 值分别为1.31, 1.71, 1.45, 1.54, 尸值均<0.05)； 经济分区和父母年平均工资与学生筛查性近视呈负相关 ( OR 值分别为0.65,0.86, P 值均<0.05)。 结论 小学生近视受多 种因素影响, 经济社会因素和自然环境因素对小学生筛查性近视有影响, 各地在制定近视防控措施时要兼顾经济社会因素 和自然社会因素。

181 Evaluation of mixer performance in cattle finishing diets with 15 or 30 percent dry matter basis inclusion of corn silage

Abstract Batch fraction (BF), corn silage inclusion level (DIET), and mixing duration (DUR) were evaluated in an experiment using finishing diets based on corn silage and a blend of dry-rolled (DRC) and high-moisture corn (HMC). A 2.35 m3 horizontal mixer was used to manufacture all diets. The experiment was designed as a 5 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with nine replications per simple treatment mean. Factors included: 1) BF (n = 5), 2) DIET (n = 2) containing (DM basis) 15% corn silage or 30% corn silage replacing the corn blend, and 3) DUR (n = 2) of 20 or 25 mixer revolutions. Diets contained corn silage, a 1:1 ratio of DRC:HMC, a liquid supplement (5% DM inclusion), and a meal supplement (7% DM inclusion). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC) using a multinomial approach. The Penn State Particle Separator was used to separate fractions of the total mixed ration (TMR) with special interest on the portion of the TMR retained on the 19 mm sieve. No interactions between BF, DIET, and REV were detected (P ≥ 0.44). There was a 53.5% increase (P = 0.01) in retention on the 19 mm sieve from the first BF (first 20% of the TMR unloaded from the mixer) compared to the last BF (last 20% of the TMR unloaded from the mixer). The LOW diet had 71.3% decrease (P = 0.01) in retention on the 19 mm sieve (2.13 vs. 7.43 ± 0.220%) compared to the HIGH diet. Increasing DUR from 20 to 25 revolutions had no appreciable influence (P = 0.23) on particles greater than 19 mm. These data indicate that BF fed could alter dry matter intake, dietary net energy content, and influence daily gain. Wednesday, July 22, 2020

227 Evaluation of mixer performance in cattle finishing diets of varying physical characteristics

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate batch fraction (BF), physical characteristics (DIET), and mixing duration (DUR) on long particle distribution in finishing diets. Diets were mixed in a 2.35 m3 horizontal mixer. The experiment was designed as a 5×3×2 factorial arrangement with nine replications per simple mean. Factors included 1) BF (n = 5), 2) DIET (n = 3) containing no corn-milling by-product (CON), a dry-corn milling by-product [47.45 ± 1.015% DM (as-is basis); DRY], or a wet-corn milling by-product [43.67 ± 1.786% DM (as-is basis); WET], and 3) mixing duration (n = 2) of 20 or 25 revolutions. Diets contained a 1:1 blend of DRC:HMC, the corn-milling by-products replaced the corn blend (20% total diet DM inclusion), grass hay (6% DM inclusion), liquid supplement (5% DM inclusion), and a meal supplement (7% DM inclusion). Data were analyzed as a CRD using the GLIMMIX procedure (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC) using a multinomial approach. Samples of the total mixed ration (TMR) were subjected to separation via the Penn State Particle Separator. The dependent variable of interest was the portion of the TMR retained on the 19 mm sieve. No interactions were detected (P ≥ 0.49). There was an 87.1% (P = 0.01) increase in retention on the 19 mm sieve for last BF compared to the first BF. Diet influenced (P = 0.04) 19 mm sieve retention, there was 10.2% less TMR retained on the 19 mm sieve for DRY versus WET; CON was intermediate. Mixing duration did not influence (P = 0.73) 19 mm sieve retention. These data indicate that as the mixer unloads there can be nearly double the amount of roughage fed; differing physical characteristics of the diet only moderately influence the true roughage content fed. Differing roughage content delivered depending upon the BF could influence daily intake, feed efficiency and alter observed to expected ratios of dietary net energy.