Durable Tools Research Articles

THE FEATURES OF WORK OF CARBIDE-TIPPED DRILL IN CRUMBLING ROCKS

The drill bit in the oil and gas industry plays a key role in the drilling process, but its operation in the field, filled with difficulties and dangers, emphasizes the need for careful study of its behavior. This equipment, which is the head of the well, is forced to face various challenges during drilling, where danger can await at every step. However, special attention should be paid to those cases when the drill bit collides with crumbling rocks. In conditions of high pressure and friction associated with drilling, the drill bit is subjected to significant loads. These conditions can lead to damage and breakage of equipment, which in turn creates additional risks for workers on site. Understanding the behavior of a drill bit in crumbling rock is becoming an extremely important aspect to ensure the efficiency and safety of field work. The analysis of the technical characteristics and mechanisms of the impact of the drill bit on crumbling rocks makes it possible to develop more reliable and durable tools capable of withstanding extreme conditions. This, in turn, increases drilling efficiency, reduces the risk of industrial accidents and ensures safer working conditions in the oil and gas industry.

Tool life assessment of high strength cast iron alloys in dry face milling operations

The advancement in cast iron alloy properties has led to more efficient materials, especially in the automotive industry. However, this progress has also increased the demand for more durable tools with greater resistance to cutting operations. Conducting an in-depth investigation into the impact of these materials on tool lifespan is crucial, as it directly affects productivity. The main objective of this study was to analyze the lifespan of uncoated cemented carbide tools during milling operations using four high-strength cast iron alloys under various dry cutting conditions. A full factorial Design of Experiment (DoE) (23) was employed. The input variables included cutting speed (vc) of 230 and 350 m/min, tool feed (fz) of 0.1 and 0.2 mm/tooth, and materials, namely cast irons (FC 250, FC 300(Mo), FC300(Mo+RG), and FV 450). Additionally, material tests were conducted on billets without holes to simulate mild cutting conditions and with holes for more severe machining conditions. The established machining operation was face milling without cutting fluid, with the axial depth of cut (ap) and radial depth of cut (ae) maintained constant at 1 mm and 60 mm, respectively. The results showed that FV 450 had the shortest tool life, as expected for the hardest and resistant material, with a maximum lifetime difference of 83 % less when compared to FC 250, the softest one that had the longest tool lifespan. The introduction of holes also significantly reduced the overall tool life by about 57 %. The findings highlight the importance of factors such as cutting speed, feed per tooth, material composition, impact, and workpiece surface quality, which significantly influence tool performance.

Machinability of high strength cast iron alloys in dry-cut face milling operations

The advancement of cast iron alloy properties has enabled increased efficiency in automotive vehicles. Nevertheless, this progress is accompanied by a growing demand for more durable tools with higher resistance to successfully execute cutting operations. This work conducts an investigation of the machinability of different high-strength cast iron alloys. The parameter used was the machining time determined by the maximum flank wear of 0.4 mm. The machining process used was face milling with no cutting fluid, of which the cut depth and the penetration were kept constant at 1 and 60 mm, respectively. The input variables were the tool feed of 0.1 and 0.2 mm/tooth and the cutting speed of 230 and 350 m/min. The results showed that FV450 was the material that presented the highest wear values, followed by FC300(Mo+RG) and FC300(Mo). On the other hand, the FC250 demonstrated the longest machining time, resulting in an extended lifespan.

Food traceability in supply chain management with application of machine learning and blockchain

Food loss prevention across the supply chain, especially among manufacturers, has become a serious problem for many businesses. Furthermore, customers are becoming more concerned with food authenticity and want to guarantee that they are receiving the best possible quality. To deal with this issue necessitates the availability of trustworthy and durable tools in the industry 4.0 era. Food traceability from the field via warehouse and suppliers unless it hits the customer to maintain transparency across the supply chain. The research looks into the applicability of blockchain and machine learning technology for tackling significant issues in the food sector, such as traceability, trust, and accountability. This paper presents a blockchain machine learning and cloud-enabled food traceability architecture, encompassing future potential and current barriers, based on comprehensive literature analysis. In this paper, a framework is proposed to trace the food supply management using blockchain with security.

STRENGTHENING OF PIPE TOOLS FOR COLD ROLLER ROLLING OF CORROSION-RESISTANT PIPES BY APPLICATION OF AMORPHOUS ALLOYS

In the production of pipes from corrosion-resistant steels on pipe rolling plants, the current problem is the low stability of the pipe tool. Therefore, the creation of high-performance and durable tools is associated primarily with the production and processing of materials that could withstand harsh working conditions. The technology of heat hardening of the pipe tool for cold roller rolling of corrosion-resistant pipes (rollers and support laths of HPTR mills) from 4Х5МФ1С steel which excludes the third holiday and uses drawing of a covering from powders of amorphous alloys 100…150 µm thick is offered in the work. As a result of the offered technology durability, wear resistance, and also hardness to HV0.1 950–1050 (in comparison with HV 587–690 on existing technology of heat treatment in factory conditions) increases. A wide range of studies of the structure of the coating and industrial tests of rollers and support bars. It is shown that gas-plasma coating of amorphous alloy based on Fe–Si–B system increases the hardness of the tool surface by 1.3–1.6 times and their stability by ~ 30…50%.

Effect of tool material on mechanical properties of friction stir welded dissimilar aluminium joints

Frictional stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process. FSW has many advantages over giving high quality welds; it is environmentally friendly and maintained with low operating cost etc. It is used to join high strength aluminium and its alloys, which are difficult to weld using conventional fusion welding and use a tool that cannot be used to join without two facing work pieces without melting of the work piece material. The mix of material flow conditions specifically affects the quality of the weld, so tool material and geometry are very important. High quality welding comes from using the right tool design with efficient processing parameters. The development of cost-effective and durable tools that lead to structurally sound welds is still awaited. Improper selection of welding parameters can cause defects in the welding joints. This FSW technique requires specific parameters to produce a defect-free joint. The parameters involved in FSW joint are tool design, tool rotation speed, tool material, axial force, transverse speeds, tilt angle and plunge depth. This paper mainly depends on how the change in tool material affects the mechanical properties of the welded joint by maintaining constant spindle speed and feed rate. Aluminium alloys are selected 6061-T6 and 6082-T6. Tool materials selected are H13, D2 and SS316 grade. Mechanical properties are evaluated by Tensile Test, Hardness Test and Charpy Impact Test through Destructive Testing. Results conclude that if the application requires toughness and hardness as major property then D2 tool material can be used for producing FSW joint and if the application requires tensile strength as major property then H13 tool material can be used for producing FSW joint.

COLLABORATIVE ACTION IN THE AGE OF SOCIAL MEDIA: DIGITAL CAPITAL, PUBLIC DISCOURSE AND POWER NETWORKS

The article explores potential consequences of utilizing digital networks viewed as a consolidating resource for generating trust and shared values necessary to establish credible commitments though e-driven cooperative pursuits. By taking advantage of research on web-facilitated collaborative algorithms I survey their importance for stimulating user civic engagement as well as highlight the resultant digital capital creation within the informational platforms in which they are embedded. Acknowledging the relevance of communication power in contemporary network societies (Castells) it becomes especially poignant to further analyze the fragmentation of authority brought about by ICT exposure rarely evident within the more conventional concentrated hubs of socio-political discourse. Specifically, I conjecture that compared to more traditional forms of public goods creation digital capital as a pioneering form of web-based interaction breads equally novel challenges for collective gains through the use of a virtually wholly decentralized architecture. With the development of ever more elaborate ways of communicating and connecting digital media allows us to make transparent and democratize the emergence of trend-generating communities that facilitate cooperation, discourage group bias while engendering trustworthiness across all levels of the social strata. Current research, thus, pursues the goal of scrutinizing if and how modern digital networks can be considered as effective, durable tools for accumulating social capital able to accrue critical mass necessary to give momentum to and spur its users towards solving collective action problems. While certain prominent theorists (Habermas, Bourdieu) can be interpreted to suggest that modern technology has had a detrimental effect on communal cohesion leading to slanted, overly manipulative depletion of networks through which it can take root and flow, the author has a more charitable outlook on the utility of digitally produced social capital. In particular, I contend that novel communication channels based on high speed broadband connection coupled with portable, on the go mobile communication have the capacity to create a broad societal nexus of trust by maintaining and multiplying bona fide social bonds. Keywords: cooperation, collective action, virtual networks, ICT, social capital, digital capital, communication power, public sphere, fields of influence

Overview of Deep Dermal Fillers.

Dermal fillers have become an integral part of both medical and cosmetic dermatology. Our expanding knowledge of the aging face has allowed us to shift the focus from skin-reduction lifting procedures to soft tissue augmentation. Within the past 5 years alone, nine new dermal fillers have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for soft tissue augmentation. The rise in both the use and number of dermal fillers in recent years is a testament to their safety and efficacy. Dermal fillers can be broken down to three major types: temporary, semipermanent, and permanent. The former, which include hyaluronic acid based fillers, provide safe and effective correction but only for a limited time, typically approximately 1 to 2 years at best. This review will cover the semipermanent (poly-L-lactic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite) and permanent (polymethylmethacrylate and liquid silicone) injectable fillers. These so-called deep dermal fillers are valuable, durable tools in correcting the aging face. Given their extended duration of effect, these fillers inherently carry their own risk for potential adverse events. Thus, it is essential that clinicians have a thorough understanding of these products to best counsel, recommend, and perform soft tissue augmentation using these fillers.

Numerical Investigation of the Tool Load in Joining by Forming of Dissimilar Materials Using Shear-Clinching Technology

Modern developments in the automotive sector are motivated by the objective of lowering the emission of pollutants. In contrast, growing demands for safety and comfort lead to a potential increase of the weight of vehicles. Thus, the consequent use of lightweight design is indispensable. This includes the use of different materials for the construction of car bodies. Because of various material properties, joining of dissimilar materials is challenging and requires often the application of non-thermic processes like riveting or clinching. These processes are limited by the mechanical properties of the joining partners. Especially the increasing use of ultra-high strength alloys, like the hot stamped steel 22MnB5, makes the development of new joining technologies necessary. One of these innovative technologies is shear-clinching. By combining shear-cutting and clinching in one process, this technology produces durable and tight connections of dissimilar materials with high differences regarding strength and formability. In contrast to shear-cutting the die-sided material has no contact with the punch. Since the process of shear-clinching is a combination of cutting and joining using the same tool, the tool loads differ from common shear-cutting. Especially cutting hot stamped steels is a challenge due to their high ultimate strength which leads to high tool loads. Thus, the analysis of the load condition is essential for the dimensioning of durable and wear resistant tools. Hence, the scope of this paper is a numerical investigation of the tool loads during the indirect cutting process and the subsequent step of joining by forming during shear-clinching. Since an experimental investigation of the occurring tool loads in the closed process is not practicable, the finite element method has to be used. Therefore, a damage-based numerical model is set up to enable the coupled simulation of the combined cutting and joining process and the resulting tool loads. This allows the analysis of the loads during the whole process, identifying the influences of materials and sheet thicknesses.

Mashing up metals with carbothermal shock.

Many elements can be combined in the formation of high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles

Законодавчо-правове забезпечення імплементації концепції агролісомеліорації в Україні

Для ефективної реалізації основних положень Концепції розвитку агролісомеліорації в Україні запропоновано внесення змін у Закони України і підзаконні акти, які регламентують ведення полезахисного лісорозведення. Обґрунтовано необхідність надання полезахисним лісовим смугам природоохоронного статусу, закріплення їх за суб’єктами господарювання, забезпечення економічного стимулювання з наданням податкових та кредитних пільг особам, які здійснюють догляд за існуючими агролісомеліоративними насадженнями та створюють нові. Внесено також пропозиції щодо Державного контролю за використанням та охороною земель, звільнення від відшкодування втрат сільськогосподарського та лісогосподарського виробництва, складання проектів землеустрою з аналізом агролісомеліоративного забезпечення щодо охорони земель і обсягів необхідних площ захисних насаджень за категоріями на найближчу перспективу.

Malfunctioning Machines: Replaying <em>The Plays of Samuel Beckett</em> by Katherine Weiss

Samuel Beckett implemented technology at varied pressures as his plays became more abstract and austere. Progressively, machinery manifested itself less in the props and more through the effects of sound, lightning, and camera angles. In The Plays of Samuel Beckett , Katherine Weiss charts the constellation of technological devices in Beckett’s drama. Examining Beckett’s major stage, radio, and teleplays in turn, Weiss propounds that, to a large extent, machines and mechanical behavior undermine authorial ownership, perpetuate the phantasmal past, and voyeurize the audience. With no intention to systematize Beckett’s theatrical practice, Weiss provides readers with durable critical tools, as she illustrates the interface of technology and technique in his dramatic oeuvre.

Extending the life of replaceable cutting plates in composite tools

The stress-strain state of hard-alloy replaceable cutting plates in composite tools is calculated by the finite-element method. The dependence of the stress and strain in the replaceable cutting plates on their structural parameters is analyzed. Patented designs for cutting plates of maximum strength and more durable composite tools are described.

Insects-as-Infrastructure: Indicating, Project Locustox and the Sahelization of Ecotoxicology

Infrastructure, as a potential legacy of transnational scientific collaborations, is usually seen as extrinsic to the immediate production of knowledge. But cumulative collaborative scientific work—what scientists actually do together; the ways in which they act on the world and transform our understanding of it—can also help create durable enabling environments for ongoing scientific practice. Project Locustox began in 1989 as a pilot to evaluate the environmental effect of locust control pesticides in the Sahel. It was prolonged through additional project phases over the next decade; in 1999, a locally-administered permanent ecotoxicological research centre was established in Senegal. Central to this project was the creation of Sahelian bio-indicators. The work of indicating, which was largely performed with and by insects, can be described as enacting infrastructure. Insects formed an axis along which data and expertise were accumulated, and, as a result, they were stabilized as durable tools—as bodies, colonies and the techniques for manipulating them—for future Sahelian ecotoxicology. Considering insects as producing infrastructure invites a reflection on the possibilities and difficulties of scientific capacity-building in the Global South. Specifically, examining the temporal extensions of indicating work leads to an account of how sustained investment in continuous collaborative scientific work can draw together biological entities, techniques, knowledge, materials, working relations and institutions to build durable capacity for science; but insect indicators also reveal the costs of and obstacles to maintaining the integration of methodological, material and institutional components of infrastructure.

Review: friction stir welding tools

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a widely used solid state joining process for soft materials such as aluminium alloys because it avoids many of the common problems of fusion welding. Commercial feasibility of the FSW process for harder alloys such as steels and titanium alloys awaits the development of cost effective and durable tools which lead to structurally sound welds consistently. Material selection and design profoundly affect the performance of tools, weld quality and cost. Here we review and critically examine several important aspects of FSW tools such as tool material selection, geometry and load bearing ability, mechanisms of tool degradation and process economics.

The Mackenzie Inuit Whale Bone Industry: Raw Material, Tool Manufacture, Scheduling, and Trade

The bones of bowhead whales ( Balaena mysticetus ) were used by Mackenzie Inuit groups in producing a number of items essential to transportation and procurement. However, the whale bone industry, and its relationship to Mackenzie Inuit economic and social systems, is poorly understood. A recently excavated archaeological assemblage from McKinley Bay, Northwest Territories, provides a record of intensive Nuvugarmiut whale bone tool manufacture, which can be used to reconstruct a reduction sequence. Bowhead bone reduction at McKinley Bay focused on ribs, which were transversely worked into large sections. Cortical blanks were isolated from central rib sections, but proximal and distal rib sections were treated directly as blanks and preforms for the production of large durable tools, such as harpoon heads, adze sockets, mattock blades, and picks. The intensive whale bone reduction at McKinley Bay was part of a broader gearing-up strategy focused on the manufacture and repair of sleds and harpoons needed for the late winter migration and spring seal hunt. More generally, because the whale bone industry was intimately related to the bowhead hunt and its proceeds, it may provide fundamental insights about key aspects of coastal whaling societies, such as social organization, redistribution, and inter-territorial trade.

Pulse reversal plating of nickel–cobalt alloys

Electroforming, as a versatile process for fabrication of durable tools, is experiencing an increasing interest with the start of commercial use of products with micro or nanofeatures. Electroformed tools can be utilised for polymer, glass and metal replication processes and, in addition, when extreme demands, in terms of tool accuracy, process temperature and tool wear, are requested. In order to meet these demands, electroforming of hard nickel alloys is an obvious way forward. This paper presents several electrolytes from which it is possible to deposit nickel–cobalt alloys with high hardness (>550 HV), low internal stress and easy maintenance. Moreover, different organic complexing agents – as well as alternatives to boric acid – have been investigated.