Gallbladder Duplication Research Articles

Case report: Duplication of gallbladder in a newborn with gastroschisis

Gastroschisis is a defect of the anterior abdominal wall through which viscera can protrude, and can be followed by additional malformations. Three quarters of the gastroschisis malformations are confined to the midgut. Other malformations are urologic and cardiac malformations and malformations of extrahepatic biliary tract. Duplication of gallbladder in general population is relatively rare, occurring once in every 3,000 to 4,000.In this case report we will present a case of an infant with gastroschisis accompanied with the duplication of gallbladder. In the newborn a complete duplication of gallbladder was found with two separate cystic ducts, i.e. type 2 by Boyden. Since the guidelines for duplication of the gallbladder associated with gastroschisis do not exist, we acted according to the guidelines for duplication of the gallbladder in the general population, i.e. nonsurgical intervention was performed on the biliary tree. Duplications of the gallbladder associated with gastroschisis do not require active surgical treatment, unless they are symptomatic or if there is other malformation of the biliary system.

Extremely rare case of H-type gallbladder duplication coexistent with carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature

IntroductionMultiple gallbladders represent a rare congenital disorder, and coexistence with carcinoma is extremely rare, leading to a high possibility of misdiagnosis and surgical complications. In this study, a case was reported and the literature was reviewed.Case presentationAn 80-year-old woman was diagnosed with acute cholecystitis via ultrasonography and was successfully treated with antibiotics. After the patient’s biliary colic relapsed, she was referred to our hospital. Multiple imaging modalities revealed duplication of her gallbladder (H-type) and suggested coexistence with carcinoma. According to preoperative evaluations, we assumed the patient had stage IIIA disease, and cholecystectomy, cholangiography using a near-infrared ray vision system, and sectionectomy of segments 4a and 5 were performed. Contrary to the high standardized uptake values obtained by 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography, gallbladder carcinoma was pathologically diagnosed as stage 0 mucosal cancer. Seven days after the operation, portal thrombosis of the posterior branch was revealed, and conservative therapy was indicated; satisfactory results were achieved. The patient was discharged 65 days after surgery. No recurrence was observed for 1 year after surgery.ConclusionsAn extremely rare case of malignancy in a duplicated gallbladder was reported, and the literature was reviewed. Accurate estimations are feasible for diagnoses of multiple gallbladders, where correct evaluations are vital, especially in malignant cases. Because of the possibility of malignancy, resected accessory gallbladders should be scrutinized pathologically.

Laparoscopic Double Cholecystectomy in a Pediatric Patient for Gallbladder Duplication

Gall bladder duplication is a rare congenital anomaly that can be identified clinically during the workup for gall bladder-related symptoms. This anatomic variation can complicate surgery, and yet there are few published reports of this variant causing symptoms in pediatric patients. This is a case of a 17-year-old female with a history of Arnold-Chiari malformation type I, presenting with right upper quadrant pain. Outside computed tomography reported a trilobed gall bladder, while magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography demonstrated a duplicated gall bladder. Endoscopic resonance cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed a rare anatomic variant of duplicated gall bladder with an accessory right hepatic duct branching off the cystic duct. Due to complex anatomy, both indocyanine green and intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) were utilized for a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Only ERCP and IOC were able to clearly identify the aberrant right hepatic duct. Final pathology confirmed acute and chronic cholecystitis without dysplasia or cholelithiasis. This case highlights a rare anomaly of an aberrant right hepatic duct in the setting of gallbladder duplication in a pediatric patient. We would recommend both ERCP and IOC during the laparoscopic surgical approach as they were the only imaging modalities to identify the patient's correct anatomy, likely due to the size of pediatric biliary structures.

Laparoscopic Management Of Assessory Gall Bladder & Tips For Surgeons

Duplicated gall bladder occur one in 4000 cases, varying from diverticulum of gall bladder to a separate gall bladder with separate cystic duct. Awareness of this anomaly is essential while doing laparoscopic or open surgery in order to avoid inadvertent injury to biliary system. In fact it’s also imperative to know the anomaly preoperatively so that surgeon removes whole gall bladder tissue which may cause similar symptoms in later life and there are chances that surgeon may get sued just for a trivial cause, for leaving symptomatic gall bladder behind.

Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of duplication gallbladder: a multicenter study.

Gallbladder duplication is a rare anatomic anomaly characterized by the presence of an accessory gallbladder. To appraise the prevalence and significance of prenatal diagnosis of duplication of gallbladder in a multicenter study. This was a multicenter case series with literature review. Clinical records of all consecutive pregnant women with a prenatal diagnosis of duplication of gallbladder, who were referred to our Centers were included in this study. The diagnosis of duplication of gallbladder was based on the evidence of double gallbladder in the standard abdominal circumference plane using grey scale. Postnatal magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) 3D and postnatal neonatal abdominal ultrasound scan were offered soon after birth to confirm the diagnosis of double gallbladder. The systematic review was conducted using electronic databases from inception of each database through December 2019. Five studies, including a total of seven cases, were identified as relevant and included in the systematic review. Gestational age at diagnosis ranged from 20 to 32weeks of gestation. Associated findings were reported in only one case, where the fetus presented with a left-sided gallbladder, and bilateral renal agenesis with Potter sequence. None of the included cases reported abnormal karyotype. Our cases series included nine cases (0.03%) of double gallbladder with postnatal confirmation, with an overall incidence of this anomaly of 0.03%.Associated findings were reported in only two cases, one with IUGR and omphalocele, that opted for I-TOP, and one with single umbilical artery. Except for the I-TOP, neonatal outcome was favorable in all cases. Duplication of the gallbladder is a very rare malformation with only seven cases reported in the literature diagnosed prenatally. This anomaly is not associated with abnormal karyotype, and the neonatal outcome is favorable if there are no other associated abnormalities.

Incidental intraoperative finding of gallbladder duplication in a patient with a choledochal cyst

Here, we report a case of coexistence of a duplicate gallbladder and choledochal cyst, which was overlooked preoperatively and confirmed via intraoperative inspection and pathological examination. We concluded that a high index of suspicion is required to diagnose a double gallbladder, and special attention should be paid to preoperative radiological imaging when treating patients with choledochal cysts because these patients present a higher incidence of biliary anomalies.

Robotic single-site cholecystectomy for a symptomatic duplicated gallbladder

Abstract Duplicated gallbladders are relatively rare congenital anomalies. Their unique anatomy provides anatomical challenges that should be considered at the time of imaging and at the time of surgery. We present a case report of a patient with biliary colic who was found to have a duplicated gallbladder on imaging. This is the first reported pediatric patient to have undergone a robotic single-site cholecystectomy for a duplicated gallbladder.

Conservative treatment for H-type duplicated gallbladder with cholecystitis.

Conservative treatment for H-type duplicated gallbladder with cholecystitis.

Symptomatic duplicated gall bladder – A rare presentation with a review of the literature

Gallbladder duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. Knowledge of its various types is important since it can complicate cholecystectomy. Many varieties of gall bladder duplication and its classification are reported in the literature. Pre-operative diagnosis plays a crucial role in the planning of surgery and preventing possible injuries or re-operation if the accessory gallbladder has been overlooked during the initial surgery. Gallbladder duplication though rare requires special attention to pre-operative anatomy and its variation. The operative challenge is more than the usual laparoscopic cholecystectomy and should be done by fundus first approach by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon. We report a case of a 44-year-old -male who presented with biliary colic. His pre-operative imaging confirmed the diagnosis of the duplicated gall bladder, and he underwent successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Laparoscopic treatment of duplicate gallbladder with acute cholecystitis.

Duplication of gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly of the extrahepatic biliary tract. Patients with duplicate gallbladder who develop symptoms due to gallstones require surgery. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in such cases is challenging due to altered biliary anatomy. We report a case of duplicate gallbladder with acute calculus cholecystitis successfully treated by laparoscopic removal of both the gallbladders.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Gall Bladder Duplication

Prenatal Diagnosis of Gall Bladder Duplication

Laparoscopic management of gallbladder duplication

Laparoscopic management of gallbladder duplication

Gallbladder Duplication in Two Cases

Gallbladder duplication is very rare congenital malformation that is usually asymptomatic, but which may present with various complications. We present here two cases gallbladder duplication who presented with cholestatic hepatitis-acute abdomen in early childhood and treated with surgery, and the second one was asymptomatic during the follow-up who were detected in intrauterine period. The treatment of gallbladder duplication must be carefully managed. Unnecessary surgery should be avoided in asymptomatic cases, while in symptomatic patients requiring surgery it is important to clearly reveal the biliary system and vascular anatomy and to remove both gallbladders.

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal gallbladder duplication associated with uncommon chromosomal anomaly (46, XX, t(X;10) (p11.2;q24.3) [20

Fetal gallbladder duplication is a rare congenital malformation. In the literature only a few cases of fetal gallbladder duplication in utero is reported. A 22-year-old woman was referred to this hospital at 26 weeks of gestation for a routine ultrasound examination. A fetal duplication of gallbladder accompanied was diagnosed with ultrasonography (axial section of fetal abdomen on sonography showed two hypoechoic cyst-like structures). The diagnosis of duplication of gallbladder, was also confirmed with MRI. The result of cordocentesis was reported as 46, XY, t(X;10) (p11.2;q24.3) [20]. Antenatal/natal/postnatal care was unremarkable. A novel chromosomal mutation (46, XX, t(X;10) (p11.2;q24.3) [20]) with duplicated fetal gallbladder which has not been reported previously was described.

3010 Duplicated Gallbladder: A Rare Cause of Recurrent Cholecystitis in a Hispanic Woman

INTRODUCTION: Duplicated gallbladder (DG) is a rare congenital anomaly, affecting approximately 1 in 4000 births. Few reports exist describing acute cholecystitis in DG patients, with even less case reports of chronic cholecystitis. In this case we present a case of CC in a Hispanic woman with a DG. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: A 49-year-old Hispanic woman with a history of dyslipidemia and diabetes presents to the ED with a 5-hour history of 10/10 crampy, mid-epigastric, non-radiating abdominal pain associated with subjective fevers, nausea and non-bloody, non-bilious vomiting. Patient had similar pain episodes in the past requiring hospital admissions. She was hemodynamically stable with a physical exam remarkable for moderate distress from pain and significant epigastric and right lower quadrant abdominal tenderness on palpation. Laboratory exam was significant for WBC- 12 th/uL (N: 4.8-10.9 th/uL), hemoglobin - 9.0 gm/dL (10.8-14.7 gm/dl) and ALP- 133 IU/L (N: 34-104 IU/L). Urinalysis was positive for WBC, bacteria, leukocyte esterase and nitrite. Abdominal ultrasound, CT abdomen and HIDA scan were suggestive of a DG. The patient was taken for a cholecystectomy. In the OR she was found to have a DG with 2 fundi merged at the Hartman's pouch, likened to the Boyden's vesica fellea divisa classification type. Pathology results revealed chronic cholecystitis and cholesterolosis in the DG. Patient continues to maintain significant clinical improvement post-surgery and she continues to be under close follow-up. DISCUSSION: CC is defined by the histopathologic appearance of chronic inflammation of the gallbladder and is believed to develop due to the presence of gallstones, although cases of acalulous CC also exist. As in our case, patients typically present with pain, however pain severity and liver enzyme alterations do not usually correlate with disease presence. To the best of our knowledge, no similar cases have been reported in the Hispanic population. In patients presenting to the ER, a high index of suspicion is recommended to improve overall patients' outcomes especially in patients presenting with multiple disease processes.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Duplicated Gallbladder

Acute cholecystitis is gallbladder inflammation presenting with abdominal pain, leucocytosis and a positive Murphy’s sign in the right hypochondrium. Abdominal ultrasound (US) is the investigation of choice for its diagnosis. Duplication of the gallbladder is an unusual anomaly, which can be asymptomatic or present as acute cholecystitis. It cannot be distinguished clinically from usual gallbladder pathology, but can be identified by preoperative imaging studies. Cholecystectomy is performed for the management of duplicated gallbladder when it is symptomatic. We report a rare case of gallbladder duplication in a 50-year-old female, with cholelithiasis in one champer and a free lumen of the other. US examination was suggestive of duplicate gallbladder, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was indicative of duplication, with separate cystic ducts. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intraoperatively the gallbladder appeared to be a single lumen specimen, but two separate gallbladders and cystic ducts were identified post-operatively during fine dissection of the specimen. A high degree of awareness and detailed preoperative investigations are necessary when congenital anomalies are suspected. Intraoperative cholangiography is indicated for accurate detailing of the biliary tree, in order to avoid inadvertent damage to the biliary ductal system during surgery. Real-time intraoperative imaging using indocya-nine green (ICG) can be utilized to avoid injury to the biliary tree by delineating its anatomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Laparoscopic treatment of Y type gallbladder duplication with gallbladder polyps: a case report and literature review

双胆囊畸形是一种罕见的胆囊先天变异。本文报道了南京医科大学附属无锡第二医院收治的Y型双胆囊畸形伴胆囊息肉一例，并结合文献做了分析。患者男性，48岁，因体检发现胆囊息肉住院。腹部增强CT提示胆囊内强化结节，考虑息肉。在全身麻醉下行腹腔镜胆囊除术，术后解剖标本证实为双胆囊。患者术后恢复好，于3天后出院。

Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of biliary tract malformations.

Congenital anomalies of the biliary tract include a variety of pathologic conditions, such as biliary atresia, choledochal cysts, gallbladder agenesis, congenital cholelithiasis, and gallbladder duplication. Although most of these malformations are rare and benign conditions, they may occasionally represent a major threat to extrauterine life. Visualization of a normal-sized gallbladder should be a mandatory component of the second-trimester anomaly ultrasound scan. Advances in prenatal sonography enable the detection of biliary tract congenital malformations. In this review, we discuss the detection rates, sonographic features, and prognosis of the most frequently prenatally diagnosed biliary tract malformations.

Case report: Left sided gall bladder associated with chylolymphatic cyst of mesentery of small intestine

Mesenteric cyst and left sided gall bladder both are rare entity. Incidence of mesenteric cyst is 1 per 1,00,000 to 2,50,000, a rare abdominal tumor, among which chylolymphatic mesenteric cyst is further rare. In left sided gall bladder, gall bladder is attached on left lateral sector of liver, left to falciform ligament and interlobar fissure. Left sided gall bladder can be a single anomaly or associated with other anomalies like duplicated gall bladder, hypoplastic bile duct, situs inversus, anomalous pancreatico-biliary ductal junction, absence of quadrate lobe, accessory liver. In our case it was associated with mesenteric cyst which is the first case to be reported to best of our knowledge.

Gallbladder duplication in a child – case report

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Zdanowicz K, Kowalczuk-Krystoń M, Wojtkowska M, Zalewska-Szajda B, Lebensztejn DM. Gallbladder duplication in a child – case report. Pediatria Polska - Polish Journal of Paediatrics. 2019;94(4):263-265. doi:10.5114/polp.2019.88048. APA Zdanowicz, K., Kowalczuk-Krystoń, M., Wojtkowska, M., Zalewska-Szajda, B., & Lebensztejn, D. M. (2019). Gallbladder duplication in a child – case report. Pediatria Polska - Polish Journal of Paediatrics, 94(4), 263-265. https://doi.org/10.5114/polp.2019.88048 Chicago Zdanowicz, Katarzyna, Monika Kowalczuk-Krystoń, Małgorzata Wojtkowska, Beata Zalewska-Szajda, and Dariusz M Lebensztejn. 2019. "Gallbladder duplication in a child – case report". Pediatria Polska - Polish Journal of Paediatrics 94 (4): 263-265. doi:10.5114/polp.2019.88048. Harvard Zdanowicz, K., Kowalczuk-Krystoń, M., Wojtkowska, M., Zalewska-Szajda, B., and Lebensztejn, D. (2019). Gallbladder duplication in a child – case report. Pediatria Polska - Polish Journal of Paediatrics, 94(4), pp.263-265. https://doi.org/10.5114/polp.2019.88048 MLA Zdanowicz, Katarzyna et al. "Gallbladder duplication in a child – case report." Pediatria Polska - Polish Journal of Paediatrics, vol. 94, no. 4, 2019, pp. 263-265. doi:10.5114/polp.2019.88048. Vancouver Zdanowicz K, Kowalczuk-Krystoń M, Wojtkowska M, Zalewska-Szajda B, Lebensztejn D. Gallbladder duplication in a child – case report. Pediatria Polska - Polish Journal of Paediatrics. 2019;94(4):263-265. doi:10.5114/polp.2019.88048.