Duncan's Test Research Articles

Exploration and Investigation of Antifungal Activity of Plant Leaf Extracts on Growth of Scletorium rolfsii Sacc.

Botanical fungicides are fungicides derived from plants that produce chemical compounds that potentially inhibit microbial growth. These fungicides are safe because to its not harmful to humans and the environment. In the present study, the plant materials used often compete with plant materials used for food and medicine such as galangal rhizomes and betel leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to explore materials derived from plants that have not been widely utilized. So the research was conducted to determine the effect of leaf extracts from several plants on the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. the fungus that causes wilt disease in plants and determines the level of antifungal activity. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD). The leaf extracts used were from the plants Muntingia calabura, Terminalia cattapa, Syzygium oleina, Morinda citrifolia, Dimocarpus longan, and Artocarpus altilis with concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 0% as control. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results showed that all treatments used could inhibit the growth of S. rolfsii Sacc because they were significantly different from the control. It was determined that antifungal activity in leaf extracts of M. calabura, T. cattapa, S. oleina, and D. longan was very strong, and also A. altilis had a strong antifungal activity, while M. citifolia had a moderate antifungal activity.

The Morphological Identification of Fungi Causing Cocoa Fruit Rot Disease and Inhibition Test of Bacillus spp. Against the Fungus in Vitro

Cocoa plants in Nagari Bunga Tanjung, West Sumatra Province, are infected with cocoa pod rot disease by the fungal pathogen Phytophthora palmivora and this causes serious problems if not appropriately controlled. Therefore, Bacillus spp testing needs to be undertaken to obtain Bacillus spp that were more capable of inhibiting the growth of the pathogen. The research was conducted at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University in February-June 2024. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) were used in this emerimantal study with 5 treatments and 4 replicates so that 20 there were experimental units. The treatments given were: B0 : Without Bacillus spp, B1 : Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B2: Bacillus cereus, B3: Bacillus pseudomycoides and B4: Bacillus velezensis. Variables observed were the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of Phytophthora palmivora, the diameter of pathogenic colonies after the application of Bacillus spp. and the inhibition of Bacillus spp. bacteria against Phytophthora palmivora. Further testing was done through Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the 5% level. The results of the research conducted showed that the cause of cocoa fruit rot disease in Nagari Bungo Tanjuang is Phytophthora palmivora based on morphological characteristics. All Bacillus spp. namely: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pseudomycoides, and Bacillus velezensis were able to inhibit the growth of Phytophthora palmivora fungus in vitro. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pseudomycoides, and Bacillus velezensis were able to inhibit the growth of Phytophthora palmivora in vitro. Phytophthora palmivora with inhibition power of 38.89%, 40.28%, 43.33%, 77.78%, respectively.

Growth Response and Antibacterial Activity Test of Sintrong Plant (Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore) on different Growth Media and Shade

This study investigated the growth response and antibacterial activity of sintrong plants (Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore) on different growth media and shade to support organic functional food. The research was conducted at the Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University using a two-factorial Randomized Group Design (RAK). Variations of planting media used were soil without fertilizer, a mixture of soil and cow manure in a ratio of 1:1, and a mixture of soil and cow manure in a ratio of 1:2. The variations of shade used were no shade, 25% paranet shade, and 50% paranet shade. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the Delusion method. Growth data and antibacterial activity were analyzed through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with SPSS application and continued with Duncan test at 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that planting media and shade had a significant effect on the growth of sintrong plant height. The greatest growth occurred in a mixture of soil and manure 1:1 in 25% shade (P1N1), while the lowest growth occurred in a mixture of manure-soil 1:2 without shade (P2N0). Antibacterial activity testing showed a significant effect of various growing media and shade treatments. The highest antibacterial activity was found in sintrong plant extract grown without manure at 50% shade (P0N2), with an inhibition zone of 16.6 mm for Escherichia coli bacteria (gram negative) and 13.2 mm for Staphylococcus bacteria (gram positive). The lowest inhibition zone occurred in sintrong plants grown on 1:2 manure-soil mixture without shade (P2N0) with an inhibition zone of 8.0 mm for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria

Histological Features of the Duodenum of Mice (Mus musculus) Treated with Liquid Probiotic Isolates of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

This study aims to determine the histological description of the height and width of the duodenal villi of mice (Mus musculus) treated with liquid probiotic isolates of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Histological examination of the duodenum of mice was carried out by making histological preparations from the height and width of the duodenal villi which were observed under a microscope with 100x magnification. Statistical analysis in this study used One-Way ANOVA and Duncan's test. The results showed that the control group and the treatment group had significantly different height and width of the duodenal villi (p<0.05). The conclusion of this study is that the administration of isolates Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae can increase the height and width of the duodenal villi of mice and the P2 group with a dose of 0.27 mL/kg BW has the greatest average value for the height and width of the duodenal villi with an average height of 360.80 μm and an average width of 152.30 μm.

Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) Extract Potential on Texel Sheep Feed Consumption, Body Weight Gain and Feed Conversion

Meniran contains phytochemical compounds that are efficacious for productivity. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of meniran extract on feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of Texel sheep. This research was conducted using Completely Randomized Design by divided 20 Texel sheeps into 4 treatments, each treatment consisted of 5 repetitions. The treatment groups consisted of : P0 (sheeps were given CMC-Na 0.5% solution), P1 (given meniran extracts at 5% concentration), P2 (given meniran extracts at 10% concentration) and P3 (given meniran extracts at 20% concentration). administration of treatment between groups using a syringe (20 ml) amount of 1ml/kgBB per oral. Data in the form of feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were then analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan's test. The best result on body weight gain and feed conversion ratio by P1. This research show that meniran extracts had no effect on feed consumption but can increase body weight gain at 5% concentrations and decrease feed conversion ratio at 5% concentrations.

The Effect Of Jicama Flour Substitution On The Quality Of Soft Cookies

Soft cookies are a food made from a mixture of wheat flour, granulated sugar, palm sugar, butter, and others. In this research, the main ingredient for making soft cookies was substituted with jicama flour. Jicama flour comes from jicama fruit which is very easy to get in Padang City because Padang City is one of the areas with a lot of jicama production. According to data from BPS Padang, the yam farming area reaches 128 ha with a production output of 192 quintals/ha/year with a total of 2,208 tons/year. So from these data it can be seen that jicama has great potential for optimization of processing, especially for jicama fruit which is no longer attractive to buyers because the color of the skin is starting to turn black. This research aims to analyze the effect of 15%, 30% and 45% substitution of jicama flour on the quality of the shape, color, aroma, texture and taste of the soft cookies produced. And also to reduce imports of wheat flour which have increased greatly. This research was conducted using a pure experimental method (true experiment) with a completely randomized design method. The data collection technique involves observation with the help of an organoleptic test sheet with 3 expert panelists. The data obtained were tabulated in table form and then analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out if they were significantly different followed by the Duncan test. Jicama flour substitution affects the quality of shape (round and neat), color (brown), aroma (fragrant), texture (brittle and soft on the inside), and taste (sweet).

Potential of Liquid Probiotics Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans on Broiler Chicken Carcas Percentage and Business Analysis

The aim of this research was to find out liquid probiotic Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans as feed aditive to carcass percentage and economic analysis in broiler. This research used 24 broiler aged 20 day. P0 (control group) was given 2 ml of aquadest. P1, P2, and P3 were given liquid probiotic Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans with different dosage respectively (2 ml, 4 ml, and 6 ml). The sample of data was taken by weighing broiler manually. The data of carcass percentageanalyzed using one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if showed significant difference, continue by Duncan test as post-hoc test. The data of business analysis analyzed by descriptive. The result of this research was indicate that all doses 2 ml, 4 ml and 6 ml of liquid probiotic were significnat difference (p<0.05) in carcass percentage. The result of doses 4 ml of liquid probiotic was most higher than doses 2 ml and 6 ml in carcass percentage. Business analysis in this research gave effect in contribution margin and value > 1 of the revenue cost ratio which could be stated that the broiler business was feasible.

Laserpuncture Shooting Duration Effect at the Growth Point on the Weight Gain and Growth Rate of Male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Aim of this research is to find the effect of laserpuncture shooting at growth points on body weight gain and growth rate of male Japanese quail. This research used 20 samples Japanese male Day Old Quail (DOQ) with complete randomized design research method. These samples were divided into four groups. Group P0 (control) was treated by laserpuncture everyday with power supply off for 5 seconds. Group P1 was treated by laserpuncture every day with power supply at 50 mWatt and the dose was 0.2 Joule for 5 seconds. Group P2 was treated by laserpuncture every three days with power supply at 50 mWatt and the dose was 0.2 Joule for 5 seconds. Group P3 was treated by laserpuncture every five days with power supply at 50 mWatt and the dose was 0.2 Joule for 5 seconds. The samples was reared until 42 days. The result of the research were obtained from weighing the body weight every week and then substracting the results from the previous week. The data was analyzed statictically using the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (Manova) and continued with Duncan test. Group P3 showed the best results compared to other groups.

Variasi Persentase Pati Resisten Jagung Tipe 3 pada Sifat Fisik dan Organoleptik Es Krim Kelapa

The main ingredient of ice cream is cream. Regularly, ice cream is made from animal fat of milk, but can be made from vegetable fats as well. Coconut milk as a source of vegetable fat (cream) can be an alternative substance for making ice cream and is suitable for people with lactose intolerance. Making coconut ice cream requires a gelling agent dissolved in ice cream mixture (ICM). Corn starch that was modified physically (RS type 3) can be used in making of coconut ice cream which functions as a gelling agent. The research purpose was understanding of how to make coconut cream which can produce an overrun quality and organoleptic (hedonic) test. The study was conducted in a laboratory scale with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 variations in the proportion of the addition of this resistant starch and 3 replications which were tested for analysis of variant (ANOVA) and further tests with the Duncan and Kruskal Wallis multiple distance test. The results showed that the addition of resistant starch had an effect on the overrun significantly with the highest value of 23.53% at the 5% level of the proportion of ingredient. The hedonic test for the coconut ice creams at the proportion of ingredient was 5% as the highest score observed by the panelists whose the score was not significantly different from the proportions of the ingredients 3% and 6%.

Kualitas fisik dan sifat organoleptik bakso daging sapi dengan Penambahan tepung oat (avena sativa)

Beef meatballs using tapioca flour only contain a small amount of protein, fat and fiber in them. The nutrition is very low, only around 0.1% of the daily recommendation. Therefore, there is a need for healthier alternative flour, one of which is oat flour. This research is a diversification of healthy meatball products made from oat flour which contains better nutrition than tapioca flour. The method used was an experimental study with a completely randomized design pattern of three treatments (substitution of tapioca flour with oat flour at 0%; 50% and 100%) which was repeated seven times. The variables observed were chemical quality (air, protein, fat, carbohydrates), physical quality (pH and cooking loss) and organoleptic properties (color, aroma, texture and taste). Data analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA). If there is a significant difference between treatments, Duncan's further test is carried out. The results showed that the amount of oat flour had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the pH of the meatballs. The amount of oat flour linearly (P<0.05) reduced the level of meatball cooking loss. The organoleptic properties of meatballs with 50% oat flour are more similar to meatballs using 100% oat flour, and have slightly the same level of preference. It can be concluded that oat flour can be used as a substitute for tapioca flour to improve the physical and organoleptic quality of beef balls. Meanwhile, the ideal oat flour substitution rate is as much as 50%.

Evaluasi Kerusakan DNA Spermatozoa Semen Cair Babi Menggunakan Pewarnaan Toluidine Blue

The integrity of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in sperm plays a crucial role in the fertilization process and embryonic development. This study aimed to evaluate the level of the DNA fragmentation of boar sperm in tris-citrate-fructose extender preserved at temperatures between 16-18°C for 3 days. The level of sperm DNA damage was analysed using toluidine blue (TB) staining. Pig semen collected from 4 male pigs aged 1.3-1.8 years was used as the research sample. Semen collected was conducted twice a week. The experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design with 4 storage duration groups as follows: Group I (0 hours of storage), Group II (24 hours of storage), Group III (48 hours of storage), and Group IV (72 hours of storage), each with 5 replications. The data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and, if significant differences were found, Duncan's test was performed. The results of the evaluation of the percentage of DNA damage during the storage process at 16-180C at 0 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours was: 0.33 ± 1.66%, 0.80 ± 0.447%, 1.60 ± 1.14% and 2.80 ± 0.447%, respectively. These results demonstrate that liquid boar semen preserved with tris citrate fructose extender at 16-18 °C for 3 days has spermatozoa DNA damage levels within the normal range, making it suitable for artificial insemination and ensuring optimal AI success.

Use of OODEV® in Improving the Reproductive Performance of Male Yellow Rasbora Fish Rasbora lateristriata (Bleeker, 1854)

A local commodity, Yellow rasbora fish Rasbora lateristriata (Bleeker, 1854), can potentially be used as a food resource by the Kulon Progo community. Added to that, cultivation or aquaculture is known to optimize this potential. Furthermore, Aquaculture will also prevent illegal fishing in nature, where yellow rasbora fish are listed as vulnerable species in the IUCN Red list. This study induced male yellow rasbora fish using the hormone OODEV® injection, which comprises the hormone Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) and anti-dopamine. PMSG is a hormone that contains FSH as well as LH in it. Yellow rasbora fish were nurtured to the age of six months and treated with four different treatments (dose) for a month, namely 0 mL/Kg, 0.25 mL/Kg, 0.5 mL/Kg, and 0.75 mL/Kg. Observed parameters included motility (movement and duration) as well as sperm count, sperm viability, sperm morphology, sperm morphometry, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and survival rate (SR). Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS with the One-way ANOVA test and continued with Duncan's test if the results were significant. The obtained results had no significant effect on the IGS value (p>0.05), with the highest value found at a dose of 0.75 mL/Kg. In addition, administration of OODEV® also improved sperm quality with the best results at 0.75 mL/Kg in terms of motility with the highest progressive movement compared to other doses but not significant (p>0.05) compared to the control, and significantly (p<0.05) longest movement duration compared to other doses, while in terms of morphometry it had the second widest middle piece area but not significant (p>0.05) compared to other doses, widest tail area but not significant (p>0.05) compared to other doses except with 0.25 mL/Kg, longest tail length (p>0.05) but not significant with other doses except with 0.25 mL/Kg , and significantly (p<0.05) had the longest sperm total length. Every dose showed a 100% percentage of survival rate.

The effects of thinning on carbon and nutrient fluxes input into forest floor via litterfall in black pine afforestation sites.

As a component of the biogeochemical cycle, litterfall contributes carbon and nutrients to forest ecosystems by transferring organic material to mineral soil. Litterfall therefore serves as an important indicator for soil fertility and ecosystem health. This study aimed to determine the impact of different levels of thinning (light, moderate, and heavy) on litterfall quantity (needles, branches, bark, cones, and miscellaneous parts) and on the amount of carbon and nutrients entering the ecosystem in black pine afforestation areas. Three levels of low thinning, namely light, moderate, and heavy thinning (15%, 25%, and 35% of breast height area, respectively), were applied as treatments. Additionally, a control plot was included in the experiment. Litterfall samples were collected four times per year (once per season) from 12 treatment plots for three years. In the laboratory, dry weight measurements and analyses of carbon and macro-micro nutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn) were performed on litterfall samples taken from the field. Differences between treatments in terms of litterfall and the amount of carbon and nutrient elements entering the ecosystem were evaluated through variance analysis and the Duncan test. According to the findings, the quantity of litterfall input into the forest floor was highest in the control treatment, at 6,543kgha-1year-1 and lowest in the heavy treatment, at 4,378kgha-1year-1, showing a significant variation in litterfall quantity. The input of C to the soil ranged between 2,233kgha-1year-1 and 3,347kgha-1year-1 depending on thinning treatment. Although thinning treatment reduced C input to the soil, there was no significant difference among treatments. This also applied to nutrient elements such as N, P, K, Mg, and S. Needles constituted the majority of litterfall components (60%) and had the highest C density among all components, at 51.2%. The weighted carbon ratio for litterfall was calculated at 50.8%. Considering carbon-focused planning, performing moderate thinning interventions in the study area or similar pine-afforested areas may be a suitable option for maintaining the sustainability and health of the forest.

Kualitas Daging Se’i Babi melalui Aplikasi Tepung Rosela

Se'i meat is a typical meat from East Nusa Tenggara which is made by smoking it. The meat is sliced ​​in small lengths, then smoked until cooked and has a distinctive taste. This study aims to determine the effect of rosella flour (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) to organoleptic (colour, aroma, taste and tenderness); pH; TPC and E. coli pork. The research method uses a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 repetitions. The treatment consisted of P0: pork se’i meat without the addition of rosella flour, P1: pork se’i meat with the addition of rosella flour 0.5%, P2: pork se’i meat with the addition of rosella flour 1%, P3: pork se’i meat with the addition of rosella flour 1.5%. The organoleptic test of colour, aroma, taste and tenderness of pork meat was analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann Whitney test, while the pH, TPC and E. Coli. analysed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's test to see any differences between treatments. The results showed that the application of roselle flour to pork se'i meat with different concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) affected the organoleptic quality (colour, taste and tenderness) but did not affect the aroma of pork se'i meat. The addition of roselle flour can also lower the pH, TPC and E. coli pork. It is concluded that the higher the amount of rosella flour shows good results for the quality of pig meat because it increases the taste and tenderness and lowers the pH, TPC and E.coli of pork se’i.

The Effects of NPK Fertilizer and Coconut Husk Ash as Ameliorant on Growth and Photosynthetic Rate of Oil Palm Seedlings in Peat Media

This study aimed to investigate the effects of NPK fertilizer and coconut husk ash as an ameliorant on growth and photosynthetic levels of oil palm seedlings in peat soil growth media. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with two factors, NPK 12:12:17:2+TE including control, 30 g, 60 g, and 90 g per plant. Coconut husk ash includes control, 40 g, 80 g, and 120 g per plant. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, and any observed significant difference led to Duncan's test at p<0.05. The combination of 90 g of fertilizer dose and 80 g of coconut husk ash produced the tallest plant height of 104.53 cm. The highest increase in stem girth was 6.01 cm. The photosynthetic rate was 39.11 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, and the highest stomatal conductance was 0.21 H2O m-2 s-1. The highest internal CO2 and Water Use Efficiency was 177 μmol CO2 mol-1 and 16.15, respectively, while the best transpiration rate was 2.94 mM H2O m-2s-1. Additionally, the photosynthetic rate positively correlated with seedling height and stem diameter, with a R2 0.25 and 0.44 coefficient, respectively. Stomatal conductance was positively correlated with stem diameter, namely R2 0.04. Meanwhile, transpiration rate was negatively correlated with seedling height (R2 17%) and seedling stem diameter (R2 6.9%). Intracellular CO2 was negatively correlated with plant height but positively correlated with stem diameter. The results of this study are expected to be used in increased growth and photosynthesis.

Implementación de atrapanieblas como alternativa de abastecimiento de agua en el municipio de Tuluá

Contextualization: Since the 20th century, water consumption has increased globally. This increasing is due to the fact that there is currently a high demand in developed countries and in those with rising economies. Another problem is population growth worldwide, which generates indiscriminate water use in the agricultural, livestock and industrial sectors; which generates an increasing in the use water. Knowledge gap: Fog catchment systems (fog catchers) become a useful alternative for taking advantage of the water resource available in the environment for subsequent storage and distribution in different human development activities. However, in Colombia there is a lack of studies that can be related to the implementation of these artisanal systems. Purpose: In this research, the relevance of the use of four fog catchers with different percentages in the polyshade, are located in the Vijal and Alto Bonito properties, which correspond to an ecosystem zone of sub-Andean forest, was investigated with the aim to determinate the viability of this tool in the water collection. Methodology: A randomized complete block design was carried out and, using Duncan's test, it was determined if there were significant differences between the polyshade percentages used and the height of the plots. Results and conclusions: As a result, it was obtained that polyshade of 65%, captured 980 ml corresponding to the Alto Bonito property; while in the Vijal, the fog catch was 784 ml. The mesh with 80% polyshade, captured 990 ml in the Alto Bonito property, while in Vijal, the fog catch was 794 ml. There is no significant difference to obtain water related to polyshadows. In relation to the difference in the properties altitude, there is a significant difference; the water average accumulated in the Vijal property is 25.5 ml/day, while in Alto Bonito, it is 31.8 ml/day.

Estrous cycle and uterine weight of ovariectomized menopause female rat models after treatment with Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit leaf extract

Highlights:1. This study found that Leucaena leucocephala leaf ethanol extract has the ability to stimulate the growth of vaginal epithelial cells in ovariectomised rats.2. Leucaena leucocephala leaf extract can be developed as a safe and cost-effective natural alternative for hormone replacement therapy in premenopausal women and livestock. Highlights:1. This study found that Leucaena leucocephala leaf ethanol extract has the ability to stimulate the growth of vaginal epithelial cells in ovariectomised rats.2. Leucaena leucocephala leaf extract can be developed as a safe and cost-effective natural alternative for hormone replacement therapy in premenopausal women and livestock. Abstract Hormone replacement therapy has adverse effects that may cause additional health problems, such as hot flashes, cancer, ischemic stroke, and death. Phytoestrogen is an alternative ingredient used for hormone replacement therapy with less risk. The Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit plant is widely used as a medicinal ingredient and animal feed. This study aimed to determine the effect of Leucaena leucocephala leaf extract on the uterine weight and estrous cycle of ovariectomized rats. This research used a completely randomized control design, which included two treatment groups (P1 and P2) and two control groups (negative (K-) and positive (K+)) with six replications in each group (n=24). The negative control (K-) was given 2 mL of corn oil, while K+ received 0.1 mg/kg bw of 17β-estradiol. P1 and P2 were administered 250 and 300 mg/kg bw of Leucaena leucocephala leaf extract, respectively. The extract was administered daily by gavage for 30 days. Estrous cycle data were obtained on day 31 by previously collecting vaginal swabs twice a day for 15 days. After the rats were sacrificed under anesthesia using chloroform, they underwent surgery to remove the uterine organs for weight measurement. The data were analyzed for normality and homogeneity using the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests. The data distribution were not normal, so the Kruskal Wallis test was used to test the hypothesis. If there was a difference between controls and treatments, the analysis continued with the Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). The controls and treatments exhibited a significant difference in the length of each phase and overall estrous cycle. The post hoc Duncan test revealed that the highest uterine weight was found in 17β-estradiol treated rat. It was significantly different with both extracts treated rats. Both extract effect on uterine weight were not significantly difference. In conclusion, administering Leucaena leucocephala leaf extract results in an increased uterine weight and a normal estrous cycle in ovariectomized rats.

The Effect of Adding Thyroxine Hormone (T4) to Commercial Feed on The Growth Profile of Pompano (Trachinotus blochii, Lacapede)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of adding commercial feed with various concentrations of the hormone thyroxine (T4) on the growth profile of star pomfret (T. Blochii, Lacapede). This research was conducted for 50 days at BPBL Sekotong. The method used is an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) which includes 4 treatment levels and 3 replications. consisting of: P1: control (without thyroxine hormone), P2: thyroxine hormone 1 mg/kg feed, P3: thyroxine hormone 1.5 mg/kg feed, P4: thyroxine hormone 2 mg/kg feed. Parameters measured were absolute weight, absolute length, specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (EP), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival (SR) and water quality. Data were analyzed using variance (ANNOVA) and continued with Duncan's test. The addition of the concentration of thyroxone hormone (T4) in commercial feed can affect the growth of star pomfret but does not affect the value of feed utilization efficiency (EPP), feed conversion (FCR) and survival (SR). The addition of the concentration of thyroxine hormone (T4) 2 mg/kg in commercial feed is the best treatment in star pomfret culture, because it can provide an absolute weight of 7.69 g, an absolute length of 3.50 cm, and a specific growth rate of 2.28%/day.

Comparative cell viability of dentin-bonding adhesive systems on human dental pulp stem cells: time-dependent analysis

BackgroundRestorative materials are in prolonged contact with living tissues such as oral mucosa, dentin, pulp, periodontal, and periapical tissues. Therefore, the potentially harmful effects of these materials and their components on oral tissues should be evaluated before clinical use. This study aimed to compare the cell viability of different adhesive systems (ASs) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).MethodsThree ASs that combining methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) monomer with new hydrophilic amide monomers [Clearfil Universal Bond Quick(CUBQ), Kuraray Noritake], self-reinforcing 3D monomer [Bond Force II(BFII), Tokuyama)], and dual-cure property [Futurabond DC(FBDC), VOCO] were used. Three (n = 3) samples were prepared for each group. Dental pulp stem cells were isolated from ten patients’ extracted third molar teeth. Samples were incubated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) for 24 h (h), 72 h, and 7 days (d) to obtain extracts. For the control group, cells were cultured without DBA samples. Cell viability of ASs extracts was measured using a cell proliferation detection kit (WST-1, Roche). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc (Duncan) tests (p < 0.05).ResultsAt 24 and 72 h statistically significant differences were determined between control and BFII, control and FBDC groups (p < 0.05), while no differences between control and CUBQ groups (p > 0.05). On the 7th d, statistically significant differences were found between the control and experimental groups (p < 0.05), while no differences between experimental groups (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was detected for the BFII group over the three-time interval (p < 0.05). The lowest cell viability was observed for the FBDC group at 24 h, and the difference was statistically significant when compared with 72 h and 7th d (p < 0.05).ConclusionAll ASs showed different cell viability values at various exposure times. It should be taken into consideration that pH values, as well as the contents of ASs, have a significant effect on the cell viability.

Effect of pH on the soybean whey protein–gum arabic emulsion delivery systems for curcumin: Emulsifying, stability, and digestive properties

A novel curcumin (CUR) delivery system was developed using soybean whey protein (SWP)-based emulsions, enhanced by pH-adjustment and gum arabic (GA) modification. Modulating electrostatic interactions between SWP and GA at oil/water interface, pH provides favorable charging conditions for stable distribution between droplets. GA facilitated the SWP form a stable interfacial layer that significantly enhanced the emulsifying properties and CUR encapsulation efficiency of the system at pH 6.0, which were 90.15 ± 0.67%, 870.53 ± 3.22 m2/g and 2157.62 ± 115.31%, respectively. Duncan's test revealed significant improvements in thermal, UV, oxidative, and storage stabilities of CUR (P < 0.05). At pH 6.0, GA effectively protected CUR by inhibiting SWP degradation during gastric digestion and promoting the release of CUR by decreasing steric hindrance with oil droplets during intestinal digestion, achieving the highest CUR bioaccessibility (69.12% ± 0.28%) based on Duncan's test. The SWP-GA-CUR emulsion delivery system would be a novel carrier for nutrients.