Dumping Factor Research Articles

DISTRIBUTOR SELECTION ON THE IMPACT OF DEMAND FOR COFFEE PRODUCTS: AHP – SINGLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING

The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of suppliers based on the AHP method at the highest weight level, the consistency level of supplier performance based on the smallest consistency value and predict demand with the selected value in the conversion in the kilogram model. The research methodology is quantitative integration of AHP- Single Exponential Smoothing. The data of this study is primary data covering the AHP of the questionnaire, secondary data covering the data of actual requests. This study states that the performance of suppliers includes Quality, Cost and Delivery with consistency with the smallest criteria, namely Delivery, Quality and Flexybility. Meanwhile, the demand prediction with a capacity of 1336 cups of arabica coffee was converted to a capacity of arabica coffee beans of 27 kg in April 2022. The implications of this study are expected to be carried out in determining the dumping factor is experiment with a dumping factor decision-making model that is adjusted to the needs of the TKP Coffee Shop. The suggestion of this study for researchers can then determine the estimated capacity of safety supplies and an economical ordering model.

ПРОБЛЕМА ВЫБОРА ДЕМПИНГ-ФАКТОРА ВМОДЕЛИ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫХ УПРАВЛЕНИЙ ДЛЯ НАПРАВЛЕННЫХ ВЗВЕШЕННЫХ ЗНАКОВЫХ ГРАФОВ

The paper deals with the problem of choosing a dumping factor in the effective control modelbased on maximizing the transfer of impacts for fuzzy cognitive models represented by directedweighted signed graphs. To transfer influence, a management model is used that implements thedevelopment of the system. An effective control algorithm is based on solving the optimizationproblem of finding a vector of external influences that maximizes the accumulated increase inincrements of vertex indicators. The optimal control effect is considered to be a control that providesthe maximum ratio of the square of the norm of the response vector of the system to thesquare of the norm of the control vector. The dumping factor of this model controls the comparativescale of the direct and indirect influence of all intrafactor relationships of the system as awhole. The purpose of the study is to determine such areas of acceptable values for the obtainedsolutions, in which (i) the condition of consistency of the result is met; (ii) the change of vertexranks is slow. By the sequence of results, we mean satisfaction with the rules of the system as awhole. These rules can be expressed in imposing restrictions on the status of vertices, on the signof impacts and responses. Set the damping factor, called the resonance, where resonance occurs asurge in the value of the objective function the problem of maximization of the impact when thereis no alignment between the resonant response and caused its effect. The choice of the dumpingfactor affects the value of the target function of the impact maximization problem and the vector ofeffective management on which this solution is achieved. The value of the resonant damping coefficientcan be interpreted as the limit of the possible controllability of the system, i.e. limit thepotential impact on the system without harming it. The proposed solution is evaluated based on thedegree of stability of the rank of model nodes depending on the influence of changes in the dampingcoefficient, the algorithmization of determining the range of its acceptable values and theshape of the resonance within the values of the damping coefficient.

Visualizing Sungai Batu Ancient River, Lembah Bujang Archeology Site, Kedah – Malaysia using 3-D Resistivity Imaging

Sungai Batu at lembah bujang has become an interest spot for archeologist since it was discover as earliest entrepot in history of Malaysia. It is believe that there was a large lost river near the ancient jetty remain. Ground resistivity method was implement with large coverage area to locate the ancient river direction. Eleven ground resistivity survey line was carry out using SAS4000 equipment and wenner-schlumberger array was applied for measurement. Ground resistivity method was used to detect the alluvial deposit made by the ancient river deposition. The ground resistivity data were produce in 2D image and presented in 3D contour map for various selected depth by using Rockwork 15 and Surfer 8 software to visualize the alluvial deposits area. The results from the survey has found the appearance of sedimentation formation due to low resistivity value (0 – 330 ohm.m) was found near the existing river. However, the width of alluvial deposition was 1400 m which too wide for river width unless it was a deposition happen form age to age by movement of river meander. It’s conclude that the river was still at the same direction and its direction was change due to sediment dumping factor waking it shifting to the east.

Implied Volatility Smirk in LLvy Markets

We introduce skewed L evy models, that have a symmetric jump measure multiplied by dumping exponential factor, in order to study the implied volatility smirk in L evy markets. The dumping factor depends on a parameter , this results in a measure of the skewness of the model. We show that variation of this parameter produces the typical smirk observed in implied volatility curves. Our main result shows a particular monotonicity behavior of the implied volatility of skewed models around the symmetry point = 1=2. These results, which apply to many models in the literature, hold independent of any nite maturity.

Method for Testing the Rigidity of Large Mechanical Parts

Abstract Generally the frequency response function of a structure shows many peaks. Each of those peaks usually corresponds to a resonance frequency. We can say that the structure have the behavior of an assembly of structures, each with one degree of freedom corresponding to its own frequency. This frequency is the resonance of the structure in the FRF spectrum and the key element in the modal analysis. In this way we can analyze the behavior of a structure by identifying and evaluate all resonances and modes in the spectrum. The modal analyses in fact determine the frequency, the dumping factor and the modal shape for all modes in the measuring interval. The following paper presents an alternative method for measuring and testing the frequency response and dumping of large high performance, critical mechanical parts such as machine tools structural components.

Sparkover Characteristics in CF3I Gas and CF3I/N2 Gas Mixture under Non-uniform Field Gaps

A steep-front square pulse voltage generator, which has a rise time of 16ns, a dumping factor less than 2.5% after 10μs duration and a peak value of 200kV, is successfully used to survey the V-t characteristics in nanosecond range. The V-t characteristics of CF3I, SF6, CF3I/N2 and SF6/N2 gas mixtures under non-uniform field gaps by using the steep-front square pulse voltage. When the field utilization factor are measured less than 0.38, the sparkover voltage of CF3I is lower than that of SF6. On the contrary, when the field utilization factor is more than 0.38, the sparkover voltage of CF3I is higher than that of SF6. The corona inception voltage calculated by using Schumann's criteria and compared with measured one. The V-t characteristics for a uniform field gap in CF3I/N2 gas mixture containing N2 gas of 40% are equivalent to those in pure SF6 gas. The synergism for appears when CF3I gas is mixed with N2 gas.

Sensorless Sinusoidal Drives for Fan and Pump Motors by V/f Control

This paper proposes sensorless sinusoidal driving methods of permanent magnet synchronous motors for fans and pumps by V/f control. The proposed methods are simple methods that control the motor peak current constant by voltage or frequency control, and are characterized by DC link current detection using a single shunt resistor at carrier wave signal bottom timing. As a result of the dumping factor from square torque load characteristics of fan and pump motors, it is possible to control stable starting and stable steady state by V/f control. In general, pressure losses as a result of the fluid pass of fan and pump systems are nearly constant; therefore, the flow rate and motor torque are determined by revolutions. Accordingly, high efficiency driving is possible by setting corresponding currents to q-axis currents (torque currents) at target revolutions. Because of the simple current detection and motor control methods, the proposed methods are optimum for fan and pump motor driving systems of home appliances.

Growing Classical and Quantum Entropies in the Early Universe

Fil: Ardenghi, Juan Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio; Argentina

Construction Method for an AB Bipartite Network with the π Electronic Properties of Graphene: Generalization of the Edge States

We propose a method for constructing an AB bipartite lattice network class, termed a “hypergraphene network”. Edge states are defined as evanescent wave solutions with a dumping factor for the hypergraphene network. Bulk electronic states of some hypergraphene networks based on the single tight binding model are similar to the π-electronic states of graphene, i.e., they display a linear dispersion relation, a massless Dirac spectrum, and zerogap semiconductor behavior. Our approach suggests a new method to design possible network structures having the character of graphene in not only two-dimensions, but also in systems with three- or more dimensions.

EVALUATIONS OF FRESHNESS CONSIDERING SCORING ON FRESH INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

Fresh information is important for real business. In order to realize fresh information retrieval, we need not only to collect documents in a short time, but also to rank the results in the suitable order. However, conventional ranking methods are not suited for fresh information retrieval because they ignore temporal value of information. So, we have proposed the novel ranking method FTF·IDF for fresh information retrieval. FTF·IDF extends TF·IDF by means of using FTF (Fresh Term Frequency) instead of TF (Term Frequency). FTF differs from TF because FTF decreases as time goes. The speed of decreasing FTF is determined by the dumping factor. The dumping factor is sensitive against small changes of documents. So, we use a threshold to ignore such small changes. In some papers we published, we detect the optimal threshold manually. In this paper, we proposed an adaptive calculating method in order to detect threshold automatically. In this method, the optimal value is determined by iterating to test generated thresholds. In this paper, we describe our method and its evaluation.

Study of Direct Amplification of Ultrashort Light Pulses in a Laser Amplifier with a View to Obtaining High Radiation Contrast

An amplification scheme for ultrashort laser pulses of high radiation contrast was used to perform experiments on ablation pressure symmetrization using a prepulse upon acceleration of thin foils. It is shown that the spontaneous radiation of the regenerative amplifier restricts the energy contrast in the amplification of chirped pulses at a level of 10-4–10-3. The possibility of direct amplification of a short pulse with a view to increasing the energy contrast ratio was considered. Experiments were performed on the “PICO” laser facility to demonstrate that a 10-ps pulse amplification achieved an intensity ≥100 GW/cm2, a gain factor of 1.2, and an inversion dumping factor >30%.

Estimation of Mechanical Properties by Vibration Characteristics of Short-Fiber Composite Material

The purpose of this work is to develop the procedure and mathematic model to estimate mechanical properties of short grass fiber filled PA6. First, vibration tests were carried out to study vibration characteristics of composite material. Then various micro-mechanics models for short fiber composites are evaluated using vibration and tensile test varying in-plane tensile angle. Along the evaluation, a combination of micro-mechanics model is proposed to get appropriate results. Also, procedure to identify young's modulus of matrix and dumping factor of composite by comparison of vibration test results and FEM considering in-plane distributions of fiber orientation is demonstrated. Through evaluation, the FEM analysis using mechanical properties of composite material determined by proposed procedures considering fiber orientation and distribution of fiber orientation angle gives good estimation

1338 圧電ポンプ内部の流れ場と発振壁面とのインタラクションの数値解析

Three-dimensional computation on the interaction of the internal flow and the oscillating surface of a piezoelectic pump has been carried out. A general flow solver based upon the multi-domain method and the semi-Lagrangian time integration method was employed to solve the viscous flow inside the pump. The oscillating surface was modeled to account for the effects of the mass, the elasticity, the dumping factor, the pressure difference and the piezoelectric force. Computations were conducted for piezoelectric forces of different frequency. The details of the interaction of the internal flow and the surface were clarified. The frequency, which results in the maximum deformation of the surface as well as the flow rate, was determined.

On the Revolution of Plastic Anisotropic Principal Axes Developed from the Change of Strain Path.

In the plastic deformation, the material anisotropies have a great influence on the deformation capacity especially in the change of strain path. The anisotropies of sheet metals are caused from the texture developed by a cold rolling process. Because the strength of the texture is different from that of the surrounding material, we assume that the principal axes of anisotropies do not move similarly to the material fiber. According to this assumption, a dynamical model of the principal axes is introduced by using a dumping factor to the motion of the material fiber. Furthermore, some neumerical integrations of this dynamic equation are shown in connection with the change of strain path. Finally, an identification method with the revolution angle of principal axes is proposed by investigating the distribution of r-values with respect to the tension directions.

Alternative basis functions for L2 calculations on the molecular continuum. I. The basic prototype integrals.

Alternative square-integrable (${\mathit{L}}^{2}$) basis functions, the oscillating Hermite Gaussian functions (OHGF's), are proposed for describing the continuum orbitals in ${\mathit{L}}^{2}$ calculations on molecules. Each function is the product of a Hermite Gaussian function (HGF), which gives the proper dumping and angular factor, and a radial trigonometric function, cos(kr), which describes the oscillating asymptotic behavior of a continuum orbital. Analytic expressions for the one- and two-electron integrals involving s-type OHGF's and many-center s-type HGF's are derived and their numerical implementation is discussed in detail. The present proposal of adopting a mixed basis set of OHGF's and many-center HGF's for the ${\mathit{L}}^{2}$ description of bound and continuum molecular states is compared with the other types of basis functions currently employed. With respect to these, it requires a greater computational effort in the integral evaluation, but it also allows an accurate description of the electronic continuum in general polyatomic systems.

空気圧シリンダサーボ系のモデル規範形適応制御

It seems to be useful to apply the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) method for pneumatic servo systems. Since pneumatic servo systems are easily effected by the change in system parameters such as the load mass or supply pressure, etc.The MRAC method for the pneumatic cylinder position servo system using a diaphragm-type electro-pneumatic converter is proposed in this paper. The converter acts with a very short lag time and has a simple first order transfer function. So the total transfer function of the servo system can be represented to the lower order system and this is suitable for the execution of MRAC.The experimental tests were carried out by using a 200-mm stroke and 40-mm bore single rod-type air cylinder. The reference model was set to the second order system which has an optimal dumping factor. Also, the response of the MRAC was tested under the various input conditions such as a rectangular signal, sinusoidal signal or triangular signal was yielded, respectively.As a result, the accommodations for the change in load mass, supply pressure or magnification of servo amplifier could be clarified.

Performance analysis and laser linewidth requirements for optical PSK heterodyne communications systems

An optical PSK heterodyne communications receiver is investigated. The receiver is based on the decision-directed phase-locked loop. The performance of the phase-locked loop subsystem is analyzed taking into account both shot noise and laser phase noise. It is shown that for reliable phase locking (rms phase error less than 10°), heterodyne second-order loops require at least 6771 electrons/s per volt every hertz of the laser linewidth. This number corresponds to the limit when the loop dumping factor η is infinitely large; if \eta = 0.7 , then the loop needs 10 157 electrons/(s . Hz). If the detector has a unity quantum efficiency and \lambda = 1.5 \mu m, the above quoted numberers give 0.9 pW/ kHz for \eta \rightarrow \infty and 1.35 pW/kHz for \nu = 0.7 . The loop bandwidth required is also evaluated and found to be 155 \Delta\nu , where \Delta\nu is the laser linewidth. Finally, the linewidth permitted for PSK heterodyne recievers is evaluated and found to be 2.26 \cdot 10^{-3} R_{b} where R b is the system bit rate. For R_{b}=100 Mbit/s, this leads to \Delta\nu kHz. Such and better linewidths have been demonstrated with laboratory external cavity lasers. For comparison, ASK and FSK heterodyne receivers are much more tolerant to phase noise,-they can tolerate \Delta\nu up to 0.09 R b . At the same time, homodyne receivers impose much more stringent requirements on the laser linewidth ( \Delta\nu ).

Decision-driven phase-locked loop for optical homodyne receivers: Performance analysis and laser linewidth requirements

Optical homodyne receivers based on decision-driven phase-locked loops are investigated. The performance of these receivers is affected by two phase noises due to the laser transmitter and laser local oscillator, and by two shot noises due to the two detectors employed in the receiver. The impact of these noises is minimized if the loop bandwidth B is chosen optimally. The value of B opt and the corresponding optimum loop performance are evaluated in this paper. It is shown that second-order phase-locked loops require at least 0.8 pW of signal power per every kilohertz of laser linewidth (this number refers to the system with the detector responsivity 1 A/W, dumping factor 0.7, and rms phase error 10°). This signal power is used for phase locking, and is, therefore, lost from the data receiver. Further, the maximum permissible laser linewidth \Delta v is evaluated and for second order loops with the dumping factor 0.7 found to be 3.1 × 10-4. R b , where R b (bit/s) is the system bit rate. For R_{b} = 100 Mbit/s, this leads to \Delta v = 31 kHz. For comparison, heterodyne receivers with noncoherent postdetection processing only require \Delta v = 0.72-9 MHz for R_{b} = 100 Mbit/s. Thus, the homodyne systems impose much more stringent requirements on the laser linewidth than the heterodyne systems. However, homodyne systems have several important advantages over heterodyne systems, and the progress of laser technology may make homodyning increasingly attractive. Even today, homodyne reception is feasible with experimental external cavity lasers, which have been demonstrated to have \Delta v as low as 10 kHz.

Decision-driven phase-locked loop for optical homodyne receivers: Performance analysis and laser linewidth requirements

Optical homodyne receivers based on decision-driven phase-locked loops are investigated. The performance of these receivers is affected by two phase noises due to the laser transmitter and laser local oscillator, and by two shot noises due to the two detectors employed in the receiver. The impact of these noises is minimized if the loop bandwidth B is chosen optimally. The value of B opt and the corresponding optimum loop performance are evaluated in this paper. It is shown that second-order phase-locked loops require at least 0.8 pW of signal power per every kilohertz of laser linewidth (this number refers to the system with the detector responsivity 1 A/W, dumping factor 0.7, and rms phase error 10°). This signal power is used for phase locking, and is, therefore, lost from the data receiver. Further, the maximum permissible laser linewidth \Delta\nu is evaluated and for second order loops with the dumping factor 0.7 found to be 3.1 \times 10^{-4} \cdot R_{b} , where R b (bit/s) is the system bit rate. For R_{b} = 100 Mbit/s, this leads to \Delta\nu = 31 kHz. For comparison, heterodyne receivers with noncoherent postdetection processing only require \Delta\nu = 0.72-9 MHz for R_{b} = 100 Mbit/s. Thus, the homodyne systems impose much more stringent requirements on the laser linewidth than the heterodyne systems. However, homodyne systems have several important advantages over heterodyne systems, and the progress of laser technology may make homodyning increasingly attractive. Even today, homodyne reception is feasible with experimental external cavity lasers, which have been demonstrated to have \Delta\nu as low as 10 kHz.

Turbulent Flow, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer in a Tube With Surface Suction

The problem of turbulent pipe flow with mass removal at the bounding surface is analyzed, and numerical results are presented for the friction factor, axial pressure gradient, heat and mass transfer coefficients, and velocity and temperature profiles. The results, which are relevant to forced-convection condensation in a tube (either with or without noncondensable gases) are shown to be substantially affected by even small amounts of wall suction. Therefore, the present findings do not support the current practice of using impermeable-boundary transfer coefficients in condensation calculations. The analysis is performed under the condition that the velocity field is locally self-similar. Corresponding conditions are used for the distributions of temperature and mass fraction. The cross-sectional distributions of the transverse velocity and the shear stress are not constrained in advance, but rather, are permitted to vary in accordance with the conservation laws. The turbulent transport is expressed in terms of the mixing-length, model, modified in the neighborhood of the wall by a specially derived dumping factor.