Duguetia Lanceolata Research Articles

Duguetia lanceolata A. St.-Hil. (Annonaceae) Essential Oil: Toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Selectivity for the Parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous pest that is difficult to control due to populations resistant to various active ingredients. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of essential oils (EOs) from the organs of Annona neolaurifolia, Duguetia lanceolata, and Xylopia brasiliensis, against the FAW and its natural enemy, Trichogramma pretiosum. The most active EOs were those from the leaves and stem bark of D. lanceolata, which presented LD90 to S. frugiperda equal to 70.76 and 127.14 µg of EO/larvae, respectively. The major compounds in the EO of D. lanceolata (leaves) were β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide. Although individually inactive against the FAW, when combined, those compounds reduced the insect’s probability of survival. However, the mortality was lower than that caused by EO. This result suggests that other components of EO contribute to the activity against FAW. Furthermore, the EO of the leaves from D. lanceolata presented low toxicity to the egg-larva stage of T. pretiosum, but was toxic to other phases. Thus, EO from D. lanceolata is potentially useful for developing new products to control S. frugiperda.

Absolute Configuration and Antileishmanial Activity of (-)-Cyclocolorenone Isolated from Duguetia lanceolata (Annonaceae).

The fractionation of the n-hexane phase of the EtOH extract from the leaves of Duguetia lanceolata (Annonaceae) led to the identification of the sesquiterpene (-)-cyclocolorenone. Chemical characterization, including determination of the absolute stereochemistry, and in vitro evaluation of antileishmanial activity of the sesquiterpene (-)-cyclocolorenone, isolated from D. lanceolata, were carried out. (-)-Cyclocolorenone was isolated from D. lanceolata leaves using different chromatographic steps and its structure was defined by analysis of NMR and ESI-HRMS data. Additionally, the absolute configuration of (-)-cyclocolorenone was ambiguously assigned by means of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). Antileishmanial activity of (-)-cyclocolorenone was evaluated on promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The integrity of the cell membrane of L. (L.) amazonensis was analyzed using the SYTOX green probe. (-)-(1R,6S,7R,10R)-Cyclocolorenone displayed activity against promastigotes and amastigotes forms of L. (L.) amazonensis with IC50 of 4.54 and 28.44 µM, respectively. Furthermore, this compound was non-toxic in J774 macrophage cells (CC50 > 458.71 µM) with a selectivity index > 100 (promastigotes) and > 32.2 (amastigotes). Additionally, (-)-cyclocolorenone was observed to target the parasite cell membrane. Obtained data suggested that (-)-cyclocolorenone, in which absolute configuration was determined, can be considered as a scaffold for the development of new drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis.

Acaricidal Activity of Annonaceae Plants for Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae) and Metabolomic Profile by HPLC-MS/MS.

The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer) is the most important haematophagous ectoparasite in the poultry industry. The use of synthetic acaricides for this control is presenting risks related to human food. In this sense, plant secondary metabolites are promising for controlling this pest. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal activity of Duguetia lanceolata A.St.-Hil. (stem bark), Xylopia emarginata Mart. (stem bark), and Xylopia sericea A.St.-Hil. (stem bark and fruits) against D. gallinae. Additionally, the secondary metabolite profile of the X. emarginata was analysed by UFLC-DAD-ESI(+)-MS/MS (micrOTOF-QII) and data analysis was performed using the Molecular Networking. In a topical application test, all plant species tested showed bioactivity, in that order of toxicity with the respective probability survival: X. emarginata (stem bark) (0.28) > X. sericea (stem barks) (0.35) > X. sericea (fruits) and D. lanceolata (stem bark) (0.47). The most promising results were found for X. emarginata (LC50 = 331.769 μg/cm2). It is noteworthy that the LC50 ofthe insecticide cypermethrin was 1234.4 μg/cm2, which was 73% higher than that of X. emarginata. The metabolomic profile of X. emarginata revealed the presence of alkaloids, amides, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. This is the first report of X. emarginata acaricidal activity against D. gallinae and exploratory chemical analysis by untargeted metabolomics and the molecular network of this plant.

Scarification and gibberellic acid in the germination and initial development of pindaíba (Duguetia lanceolata ST Hil)

Duguetia lanceolata St. Hill is a species native to the Atlantic Forest. Its seeds contain substances that have a germination inhibiting effect. In view of the above, the present work aimed to evaluate the influence of gibberellic acid and mechanical scarification on germination and seedling development of the D. lanceolata. This work was developed at IFSULDEMINAS - Campus Muzambinho, MG, Brazil. The seeds were obtained from fruits collected from adult plants. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 5x2 factorial scheme with three replications with eighteen plants per plot. The treatments consisted of different concentrations of gibberellic acid (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1) and mechanical scarification (presence and absence). Leaf number, stem diameter and germination percentage were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, the significant difference between treatments being determined by the F test and later, the qualitative variables were analyzed by the Scott-Knott test, and the quantitative variables by regression, both at the 5% level. The gibberellic acid and scarification do not influence the stem diameter and the number of seedling leaves. There was a linear increase in the percentage of germination with increasing doses of gibberellic acid up to the concentration 20.0 mg L-1 when scarification did not occur (35.19%). Quadratic behavior occurred with gibberellin doses when the seeds undergo mechanical scarification with a maximum dosage of 10.0 mg L-1 and corresponding germination of 42.59%. Mechanical scarification promoted an increase in germination when GA3 was not applied, and at the dosage of 10.0 mg L-1.

Essential oil from Duguetia lanceolata St.-Hil. (Annonaceae): Suppression of spoilers of stored-grain

To search for new compounds with promising grain-protective properties, this study evaluated the chemical composition and insecticidal, antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of essential oil (EO) from the hydrodistillation of Duguetia lanceolata (Annonaceae) leaves on fungi and insects that spoil stored commodities. By combining the chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses, 5 compounds were identified in the EO of D. lanceolata leaves, including the major compounds β-bisabolene (56.2%) and 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene (19.1%). This EO showed promising lethal effects on adult Sitophilus zeamais (LC50 = 457 mg kg−1) and Zabrotes subfasciatus (LC50 = 442 mg kg−1) using a residual contact bioassay. In addition to lethal effects, the EO strongly reduced the number of adult S. zeamais that emerged from the treated samples (EC50 = 480 mg kg−1), the percentage of damaged grains (EC50 = 543 mg kg−1) and the sample weight loss (EC50 = 543 mg kg−1). For Z. subfasciatus, D. lanceolata EO significantly reduced the number of eggs/sample (EC50 = 118 mg kg−1), the number of emerged insects (F1 progeny; EC50 = 119 mg kg−1) and the percentage of damaged grains (EC50 = 148 mg kg−1). However, the EO led to no significant mortality in adults of either species using fumigation. The EO also inhibited radial growth and aflatoxin B1 production in the CCT7638 Aspergillus flavus isolate (Ascomycota) in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, the EO of D. lanceolata leaves may be a promising source of compounds with potential grain-protective properties.

Dereplication of Aporphine Alkaloids by UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS/MS and NMR from Duguetia lanceolata St.-Hil (Annonaceae) and Antiparasitic Activity Evaluation

Although the genus Duguetia is well known for producing alkaloids as chemical constituents, there are no reports of alkaloids identified in the species D. lanceolata. Thus, aiming to identify the chemical composition of this species, the dereplication of alkaloidic phase was performed by use of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS/MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The chromatographic fractionation of the alkaloid extract from Duguetia lanceolata (Annonaceae) leaves afforded four fractions (I-IV) that were shown to be composed of aporphine alkaloids. 1H NMR analysis and UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS/MS based dereplication allowed the identification of eight alkaloids: glaucine (1), norglaucine (2), isocorydine (3), N-methyllaurotetanine (4), oxoglaucine (5), liriodenine (6), lanuginosine (7), dehydroglaucine (8). Compounds 2,3, 4,6 and 7 were described for the first time in this species, while alkaloids 1,5 and 8 are newly discovered in the genus Duguetia. Additionally, the antiparasitic activity of the four fractions was evaluated in vitro against Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi. Fraction I, composed exclusively by 1, displayed activity against Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi intracellular amastigotes, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 7.5 and 28.6 µg mL-1, respectively. Fraction IV (constituted by 2,3 and 4) showed activity against promastigotes of Leishmania infantum with IC50 value of 50.0 µg mL-1, while fraction II (constituted by 5 and 6) showed activity against trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, with IC50 values of 83.0 µg mL-1. This work showed that fragmentation in UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS/MS combined with 1H NMR analysis of fractions is useful for identifying alkaloids in mixtures. Additionally, it was also demonstrated the potential of aporphine alkaloids from Duguetia lanceolata St. -Hil (Annonaceae) in the search for new drug candidates for neglected diseases.

Grain-protectant compounds from Duguetia lanceolata (Annonaceae) derivatives: Bioassay-guided searching and toxicity against the maize weevil

In order to obtain bioactive allelochemicals from Neotropical Annonaceae, bioguided chromatographic fractionations with derivatives prepared from Duguetia lanceolata St.-Hil. leaves were performed using the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), as bioindicator, which is a primary insect pest of stored cereals in tropical conditions. For this end, four phases (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hydroalcohol) were obtained firstly by liquid-liquid partition and tested through a residual contact bioassay (at 1500 mg L−1) in order to verify their bioactivity on adults of the maize weevil. Only the hexanic fraction caused significant mortality (74%) after the tenth day of insect exposure on treated samples of grains corn. Thus, thisfraction was separated into seven new subfractions by means of vacuum column chromatography and solvents of increasing polarities. Subfraction 2 promoted 90% of mortality whereas subfraction 6 promoted 30% of mortality of maize weevils. The aromatic compound 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene and a mixture of steroids [campesterol (8.44%) + stigmasterol (12.37%) + sitosterol (79.19%)] were isolated from subfraction 2 and promoted promising grain protective activity, in a manner comparable to a diatomaceous-earth based formulation (our positive control). Furthermore, the results reported in the present study demonstrate the potential application of derivatives of D. lanceolata leaves in integrated pest management (IPM) of stored grains, mainly in the framework of maize weevil management.

PP-APR11-050: Histological assessment of beef muscle tenderized by stretch method

To search for new compounds with promising grain-protective properties, this study evaluated the chemical composition and insecticidal, antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of essential oil (EO) from the hydrodistillation of Duguetia lanceolata (Annonaceae) leaves on fungi and insects that spoil stored commodities. By combining the chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses, 5 compounds were identified in the EO of D. lanceolata leaves, including the major compounds β-bisabolene (56.2%) and 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene (19.1%). This EO showed promising lethal effects on adult Sitophilus zeamais (LC50 = 457 mg kg−1) and Zabrotes subfasciatus (LC50 = 442 mg kg−1) using a residual contact bioassay. In addition to lethal effects, the EO strongly reduced the number of adult S. zeamais that emerged from the treated samples (EC50 = 480 mg kg−1), the percentage of damaged grains (EC50 = 543 mg kg−1) and the sample weight loss (EC50 = 543 mg kg−1). For Z. subfasciatus, D. lanceolata EO significantly reduced the number of eggs/sample (EC50 = 118 mg kg−1), the number of emerged insects (F1 progeny; EC50 = 119 mg kg−1) and the percentage of damaged grains (EC50 = 148 mg kg−1). However, the EO led to no significant mortality in adults of either species using fumigation. The EO also inhibited radial growth and aflatoxin B1 production in the CCT7638 Aspergillus flavus isolate (Ascomycota) in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, the EO of D. lanceolata leaves may be a promising source of compounds with potential grain-protective properties.

Duguetia lanceolata A. St.-Hil. Stem bark produces phenylpropanoids lethal to Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) is a polyphagous insect that causes losses to farmers in the world. This work was aimed isolating and identifying the active substances produced by Duguetia lanceolata A. St. Hil for S. frugiperda. The dichloromethane soluble fraction from D. lanceolata stem bark, incorporated into an artificial diet for S. frugiperda, showed high insecticidal activity against this insect (LC50 = 295 μg mL−1 of diet). Its fractionation yielded two aporphine alkaloids and a mixture of trans-asarone and 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene, which was active against S. frugiperda (LC50 = 124 μg mL−1 of diet). Both trans-asarone and 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene were individually active against the insect, with the latter substance being more active (LT50 = 73 h) than the former (LT50 = 170 h). In conclusion, trans-asarone and 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene are the substances produced by D. lanceolata that are active against S. frugiperda.

Promoting fruit seedling growth by encapsulated microorganisms

Abstract The use of microorganisms capable of promoting plant growth has been accepted as an alternative to reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inoculation of plant growth promoting microorganisms in seedlings of fruit species, verifying the interaction of the inoculums with encapsulating agents such as clay and alginate. Microbial inoculums contained the following species: Azospirillum brasilense, Burkolderia cepacia, Bacillus thuringienses, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus,Bacillus subtilis, Tricoderma spp. and isolate 411. The fruit species evaluated were: Myrciaria cauliflora (DC.) O. Berg; Myrciaria glazioviana (Kiaersk.) G. Barros &Sobral; Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) Mc Vaugh; Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.; Diospyroskaki L.; Garcinia brasiliensis Mart.; Annona muricata L.; Duguetia lanceolata A. St.-Hil.; Chrysophyllum cainito L.; Anacardium occidentale L.; Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. and Litchi chinensis Sonn. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 3 (control, sodium alginate and clay) x 2 (presence and absence of microbial inoculum) with five replicates (one seedling per replicate). Seedlings were maintained in 50% of illumination at an average temperature of 22.5 °C for ninety days, and plant height, diameter, root and shoot dry mass were evaluated. Plant growth promoting microorganisms, regardless of encapsulation used, promote higher development of C. cainito and L. chinensis seedlings.

In vitro schistosomicidal activity of the crude extract, fractions and Primin, the major active benzoquinone constituent from the leaves of Miconia willdenowii (Melastomaceae)

Eight native plant extracts from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Acacia polyphylla, Allophylus racemosus, Casearia arborea, Duguetia lanceolata, Metrodorea stipularis, Trichilia emarginata, Miconia willdenowii, Mollinedia widgrenii, were screened for potential schistosomicidal activity. The crude ethanolic extract of Miconia willdenowii (at a concentration of 200μg/mL) showed the most promising results, killing approximately 65% of the Schistossoma mansoni worms, in comparison to praziquantel. This extract was then submitted to a bioguided-phytochemical study. After liquid-liquid partition was performed, the hexane subfraction disclosed the most significant schistosomicidal activity of 80% against the adult worms at a concentration of 75μg/mL and 25% at 50μg/mL. Purification of this active subfraction led to the isolation of 2-methoxy-6-pentyl-benzoquinone (1, also known as Primin) as the active metabolite responsible for the observed schistosomicidal effect (IC50=7.08μg/mL). The schistosomicidal effect of M. willdenowii and Primin is the first time in which such a result has been reported.

Compounds from Duguetia lanceolata St.- Hil. (Annonaceae) bioactive against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

The variety of chemical compounds produced by members of Annonaceae exhibiting wide activity against pest organisms makes this family an interesting source for insecticidal compound identification. Accordingly, this study first aimed to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects of ethanolic extracts of different parts of Duguetia lanceolata St.-Hil. against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), the primary pest of stored beans in tropical regions. Based on a screening bioassay, the ethanolic extract from D. lanceolata leaves was selected for chemical partitioning due to its high bioactivity against the weevil. The hexanic partition of the ethanolic leaf extract caused 98% mortality of Z. subfasciatus adults in a residual contact bioassay and completely eliminated the number of eggs per sample. Chromatography subfraction Flh2-5, a hexanic partition of D. lanceolata leaves, resulted in 100% mortality of Z. subfasciatus adults. An aromatic compound (2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene) and a mixture of sterols [(campesterol (8.44%)+stigmasterol (12.37%)+sitosterol (79.19%)] were isolated from subfraction Flh2-5 using various chromatographic procedures. The aromatic compound resulted in 60% weevil mortality, and the steroid mixture applied at 75mgkg−1 promoted 28% mortality; in contrast, the positive control (K-Obiol® 2P, deltamethrin 2g a.i./kg) at 375mgkg−1 resulted in 100% mortality. Moreover, both 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene and K-Obiol® 2P completely prevented oviposition on bean samples, demonstrating that, similar to a deltamethrin-based formulation, 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene is able to act as a grain protector. Therefore, the aromatic compound and mixture of isolated sterols from D. lanceolata may be suitable management tools of stored-product pests and promising sources of insecticidal molecules with both lethal and sublethal effects on Z. subfasciatus.

English

The present study investigated the in- vivo and vitro bioactivities of the essential oil of Duguetia lanceolata branches (EODL) and caryophyllene oxide (CO). The chemical composition of EODL was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail-immersion methods were used to evaluate the antinociceptive effect in mice. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and pleurisy in rats, and in mouse models of acute ear inflammation induced by croton oil and arachidonic acid. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power and 𝛽-carotene bleaching assays were used to determine the antioxidant bioactivity. i¢-Elemene, caryophyllene oxide and i¢-eudesmol were the major components found in EODL. When tested, EODL and CO reduced the number of writhes and both phases of the time of paw licking, while the reaction time on a hot plate and the pain latency duration by the tail-immersion assay were increased. EODL and CO were effective against the paw edema, exudate volume, leucocyte migration and ear edema. EODL and CO also showed in vitro antioxidant activity. These results suggest that caryophyllene oxide is one of the active compounds found in EODL and could partially justify the bioactivity of this oil. Key words: Duguetia lanceolata, essential oil, caryophyllene oxide, antinociceptive activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity.

Acaricidal activity of Annonaceae fractions against Tetranychus tumidus and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and the metabolite profile of Duguetia lanceolata (Annonaceae) using GC-MS

Species of the Tetranychus genus feed on plant tissues, which reduces the rate of photosynthesis and can lead to the death of plant tissues. As a result, considerable production losses are caused by these arthropods. Thus, in order to aid in the development of new products for the control of Tetranychus tumidus Banks and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), the initial objective of this study was to select Annonaceae derived fractions that were soluble in dichloromethane and have acaricidal activity. Then, an exploratory analysis of the metabolite profile of the most successful fraction was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the dichloromethane soluble fractions derived from Annona cacans Warm., Annona coriacea Mart., Annona neolaurifolia H. Rainer, Annona sylvatica A.St.-Hil., Duguetia lanceolata A.St.-Hil., Guatteria australis A.St.-Hil., Xylopia brasiliensis Spreng., Xylopia emarginata Mart. and Xylopia sericea A.St.-Hil., only the fraction from D. lanceolata stem bark reduced the survival of T. tumidus females. However, ovicidal activity was not detected when D. lanceolata stem bark was evaluated against T. tumidus eggs. Further, we studied the effect of dichloromethane soluble fractions from D. lanceolata leaves, berry fruits and stem bark on T. urticae, and the stem bark was found to be the most active fraction against T. urticae. The metabolite profile analysis of D. lanceolata stem bark by GC-MS, suggested that the main constituents were 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene and trans-asarone.

Acaricidal activity of Annonaceae fractions against Tetranychus tumidus and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and the metabolite profile of Duguetia lanceolata (Annonaceae) using GC-MS

<p>Species of the <em>Tetranychus </em>genus feed on plant tissues, which reduces the rate of photosynthesis and can lead to the death of plant tissues. As a result, considerable production losses are caused by these arthropods. Thus, in order to aid in the development of new products for the control of <em>Tetranychus tumidus </em>Banks and <em>Tetranychus urticae </em>Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), the initial objective of this study was to select Annonaceae derived fractions that were soluble in dichloromethane and have acaricidal activity. Then, an exploratory analysis of the metabolite profile of the most successful fraction was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the dichloromethane soluble fractions derived from <em>Annona cacans </em>Warm., <em>Annona coriacea </em>Mart., <em>Annona neolaurifolia </em>H. Rainer, <em>Annona sylvatica </em>A.St.-Hil., <em>Duguetia lanceolata </em>A.St.-Hil., <em>Guatteria australis </em>A.St.-Hil., <em>Xylopia brasiliensis </em>Spreng., <em>Xylopia emarginata </em>Mart. and <em>Xylopia sericea </em>A.St.-Hil., only the fraction from <em>D. lanceolata </em>stem bark reduced the survival of <em>T. tumidus </em>females. However, ovicidal activity was not detected when <em>D. lanceolata </em>stem bark was evaluated against <em>T. tumidus </em>eggs. Further, we studied the effect of dichloromethane soluble fractions from <em>D. lanceolata </em>leaves, berry fruits and stem bark on <em>T. urticae</em>, and the stem bark was found to be the most active fraction against <em>T. urticae</em>. The metabolite profile analysis of <em>D. lanceolata </em>stem bark by GC-MS, suggested that the main constituents were 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene and trans-asarone.</p>

Secondary metabolites from Neotropical Annonaceae: Screening, bioguided fractionation, and toxicity to Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Annonaceae species are interesting sources of structurally diverse compounds with insecticidal properties. Therefore, a screening assay was conducted on ethanolic extracts prepared from the leaves, branches, and seeds of different Annonaceae species (Annona cacans Warming, Annona montana Macfadyen, Annona mucosa Jacquin, Annona reticulata Linnaeus, Annona sylvatica A. St.-Hil., and Duguetia lanceolata A. St.-Hil.) to detect promising sources of compounds with action against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The ethanolic extract from A. mucosa seeds (ESAM) was the most active treatment, causing significant acute toxicity (LC50=842.9mgkg−1) and pronounced larval growth inhibition (EC50=580.4mgkg−1) after 7 days of exposure to an ESAM-treated diet. Furthermore, ethanolic extracts (at 1000mgkg−1) from seeds of A. cacans, A. montana, A. mucosa, and A. sylvatica; leaves and branches of A. reticulata; and D. lanceolata leaves only caused sublethal effects, reducing the S. frugiperda larval weight. Nevertheless, ESAM (at LC90) showed an efficacy similar to that of two commercial insecticides of natural [azadirachtin+3-tigloylazadirachtol (Azamax® 1.2 EC)] and synthetic [chlorantraniliprole (Premio® 20 SC)] origins, which were tested at the registered concentration for S. frugiperda control. Thus, using different chromatographic techniques, bioguided fractionations were conducted and led to the isolation of acetogenin bis-tetrahydrofuran rolliniastatin-1, which was identified as the primary compound from the most active fractions of ESAM. This compound, which caused both strong mortality and pronounced growth inhibition to S. frugiperda, may be a useful component for the integrated management of this important pest species.

CHUVA DE SEMENTES EM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA SEMIDECÍDUA

Survival and dynamics of forests depend largely on the seed rain. Thus, studies on the densities of seed rain can provide important information for the conservation and management of forest fragments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seed rain in a fragment of semideciduous Atlantic forest in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil, in order to: identify the species and frequency of seeds that were dispersed; and relations between the occurrence of seeds and the edge effect of the fragment, at different times. We used a nested model analysis of variance. We verified differences in frequency among times and between interior and edge, for some species. The most frequent species over the collections were Styrax sp., Ficus sp., Copaifera langsdorffii, Siparuna guianensis, Byrsonima crassifolia, Duguetia lanceolata.

Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils from Duguetia lanceolata St. Hil. barks.

Essential oils of Duguetia lanceolata barks, obtained at 2 (T2) and 4 h (T4), were identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. β-Elemene (12.7 and 14.9%), caryophyllene oxide (12.4 and 10.7%) and β-selinene (8.4 and 10.4%) were the most abundant components in T2 and T4, respectively. The essential oils inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The essential oils were cytotoxic against brine shrimp. The extraction time influenced the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils obtained from the barks of D. lanceolata.

In vitro screening for antiplasmodial activity of isoquinoline alkaloids from Brazilian plant species

In the search for new antimalarial agents, nine Brazilian plant species were selected, from the Annonaceae (6), Menispermaceae (2) and Siparunaceae (1) families naturally occurring at the cerrado and Atlantic rainforest regions, in order to investigate their in vitro antiplasmodial activity. The ethanol and the alkaloid extracts were tested against K1, chloroquine-resistant, and Palo Alto, chloroquine-sensitive, strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The majority of the alkaloid extracts were more active than the ethanol ones, with IC 50 ranging 0.3–8.2 μg/mL. The crude Guatteria australis alkaloids were the most active against K1 with an IC 50 = 0.3 μg/mL. The most promising total alkaloid fractions for further bioguided isolation are those with the IC 50 ≤ 5 μg/mL: G. australis, Cissampelos ovalifolia and Duguetia lanceolata.

Atividades antinociceptiva e antiinflamatória do óleo essencial de cascas de Duguetia lanceolata St. Hil., Annonaceae

O presente trabalho avaliou as atividades antinociceptiva e antiinflamatoria do oleo essencial de cascas de Duguetia lanceolata. Para isto, foram realizados os testes de contorcoes abdominais induzidas por acido acetico; tempo da lambida da pata induzida por formalina; e edema de pata induzido por carragenina. O numero de contorcoes abdominais (DE50 = 21,79 mg/kg) e o tempo da lambida da pata 1a fase (DE50 = 5,27 mg/kg) e 2a fase (DE50 = 1,43 mg/ kg) foram reduzidos significativamente de forma dependente da dose. O material vegetal nas doses de 50, 100 e 200 mg/kg diminuiram de maneira expressiva o edema de pata em 20,83; 36,46 e 48,96%, respectivamente. O oleo essencial de cascas de D. lanceolata possui efeitos antinociceptivo e antiinflamatorio por provaveis acoes central e periferica.