Abstract
The present study investigated the in- vivo and vitro bioactivities of the essential oil of Duguetia lanceolata branches (EODL) and caryophyllene oxide (CO). The chemical composition of EODL was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail-immersion methods were used to evaluate the antinociceptive effect in mice. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and pleurisy in rats, and in mouse models of acute ear inflammation induced by croton oil and arachidonic acid. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power and ð›½-carotene bleaching assays were used to determine the antioxidant bioactivity. i¢-Elemene, caryophyllene oxide and i¢-eudesmol were the major components found in EODL. When tested, EODL and CO reduced the number of writhes and both phases of the time of paw licking, while the reaction time on a hot plate and the pain latency duration by the tail-immersion assay were increased. EODL and CO were effective against the paw edema, exudate volume, leucocyte migration and ear edema. EODL and CO also showed in vitro antioxidant activity. These results suggest that caryophyllene oxide is one of the active compounds found in EODL and could partially justify the bioactivity of this oil. Key words: Duguetia lanceolata, essential oil, caryophyllene oxide, antinociceptive activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity.
Highlights
Nociceptive pain derived from a tissue injury occurs due to activation of nociceptors that send signals to the central nervous system in response to a potentially harmful stimulus (Dubin and Patapoutian, 2010; Rodriguez, 2015)
A total of thirty-seven compounds were identified in essential oil of Duguetia lanceolata branches (EODL) and classified as monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes and hydrocarbons (Table 1)
One previous chemical study on the essential oil obtained from D. lanceolata barks performed by our research group revealed that the major components were sesquiterpenes, -elemene, caryophyllene oxide, selinene, -eudesmol and humulene epoxide II using GC/MS (Sousa et al, 2012)
Summary
Nociceptive pain derived from a tissue injury occurs due to activation of nociceptors that send signals to the central nervous system in response to a potentially harmful stimulus (Dubin and Patapoutian, 2010; Rodriguez, 2015). Pain and inflammation, as well as the generation of free radicals, have been related to various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular and metabolic complications, diabetes, peptic ulcer, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (Sen et al, 2010; Carbone and Montecucco, 2015; Fakhoury, 2015). Under these conditions involving pain and inflammation, opioid analgesics, corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been widely used (Coutinho and Chapman, 2011; Bacchi et al, 2012; Sousa et al, 2013; Ren et al, 2015). The use of natural products, as essential oils and their components, has been shown large pharmaceutical and pharmacological potentials for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with oxidative damage (Edris, 2007; Miguel, 2010)
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