This paper focuses on the mechanism of high-speed grinding to achieve quality and efficiency for ceramics. The criterion of the brittle–ductile removal transition of ceramics is calculated and analyzed. The effects of the wheel velocity on the specific grinding forces, energy, and specific material removal rates were investigated. The influence of the wheel velocity on the surface integrity was studied in the terms of surface roughness by a 3D optical profilometer, scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The ductile removal mechanism of brittle material was validated experimentally. High quality and efficiency of grinding for SiC can been attained with high-speed grinding due to the understanding of the characteristics and mechanism for ductile grinding of brittle materials with high-speed grinding. Furthermore, based on the high-performance grinding mechanism, reasonable definitions on high-speed grinding are proposed.