Duct Adenoma Research Articles

Nonneoplastic and neoplastic sclerosing lesions of the breast.

Sclerosing lesions of the breast encompass a spectrum of benign and malignant entities and often pose a diagnostic challenge. Awareness of key morphologic features and pitfalls in the assessment of morphology and immunophenotype is essential to avoid over- or underdiagnosis and ensure optimal clinical management. This review summarizes nonneoplastic sclerosing lesions such as radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion, sclerosing adenosis, sclerosing intraductal papilloma, sclerosing variants of ductal adenoma and nipple adenoma, and fibroadenoma with extensive sclerosis, including their clinical presentation, characteristic morphology, differential diagnostic considerations, appropriate immunohistochemical work-up, when needed, and the clinical significance. In addition, atypical or neoplasticentities (such as atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma, and fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma) that can involve these sclerosing lesions are also briefly discussed.

Using the DNA Integrity Number to Analyze DNA Quality in Specimens Collected from Liquid-Based Cytology after Fine-Needle Aspiration of Breast Tumors and Lesions

Introduction: Cancer genome analysis using next-generation sequencing requires adequate and high-quality DNA samples. Genomic analyses were conventionally performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections rather than cytology samples such as cell block or smear specimens. Specimens collected from liquid-based cytology (LBC) have the potential to be sources of high-quality DNA suitable for genetic analysis even after long-term storage. Methods: We collected breast tumor/lesion fractions from 92 residual LBC specimens using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, including breast carcinoma (1 invasive carcinoma and 4 ductal carcinomas in situ), papillomatous lesion (5 intraductal papillomas), and fibroepithelial lesion (19 phyllodes tumors and 53 fibroadenomas) samples, and others (1 ductal adenoma, 1 hamartoma, 1 fibrocystic disease, and 7 unknown). DNA was extracted from all samples and subjected to DNA integrity number (DIN) score analysis. Results: Average DIN score collected from 92 LBC specimens was significantly higher score. In addition, high-quality DNA with high DIN values (7.39 ± 0.80) was successfully extracted more than 12 months after storage of residual LBC specimens. Conclusion: Residual LBC specimens collected from FNA of the breast were verified to carry high-quality DNA and could serve as an alternate source for genetic analysis.

Funnel and Vessel-Duct Adenoma Breast

Duct adenoma appears as an exceptionally discerned, benign tumefaction comprised of distorted glandular articulations circumscribed within a fibrous tissue capsule and intermingled within a sclerotic stroma. Initially scripted Azzopardi and Salm in 1984, the adenomatous lesion is configured of miniature and intermediate ducts disseminated within peripheral breast tissue. Alternative nomenclature of sclerosing papilloma is not recommended.

Standard and modified glabellar flap for medial canthus reconstruction following mass removal in three dogs and two cats

To describe the surgical technique and clinical outcomes of the glabellar flap and its modification for the reconstruction of the medial canthus following resection of tumors in three dogs and two cats. Three dogs (7-, 7-, and 12.5-year-old mixed breeds) and two cats (10- and 14-year-old Domestic shorthair) presented with a 7-13 mm tumor affecting the eyelid and/or conjunctiva in the medial canthal region. Following en bloc mass excision, an inverted V-shaped skin incision was made in the glabellar region (i.e., the area between the eyebrows in humans). The apex of the inverted V-shaped flap was rotated in three cases, whereas a horizontal sliding movement was performed in the other two cases to better cover the surgical wound. The surgical flap was then trimmed to fit the surgical wound and sutured in place in two layers (subcutaneous and cutaneous). Tumors were diagnosed as mast cell tumors (n= 3), amelanotic conjunctival melanoma (n= 1),andapocrine ductal adenoma (n= 1). No recurrence was noted in a follow-up time of 146 ± 84 days. Satisfactory cosmetic outcome with normal eyelids closure was achieved in all cases. Mild trichiasis was present in all patients and mild epiphora was noted in 2/5 patients, but there were no associated clinical signs such as discomfort or keratitis. The glabellar flap was easy to perform and provided a good outcome in terms of cosmetic, eyelid function, and corneal health. Postoperative complications from trichiasis appear to be minimized by the presence of the third eyelid in this region.

Злокачественная аденомиоэпителиома молочной железы: клиническое наблюдение и обзор литературы

Aim ― to describe the case of malignant adenomyoepithelioma of the breast and to review the corresponding literature, as well as to identify the specific mammographic and ultrasound signs of this malignancy. Material and methods. We report the case of breast tumor witсh histologic phenotype transformed from benign fibroadenoma to the borderline phylloid tumor and finally to the malignant adenomyoepithelioma. Results. At final examination the malignant adenomyoepithelioma showed the multi-nodular structure. Each node represented at mammography and ultrasound (US) the solid internal structure, oval shape and smooth contour. In case of suspicious non-calcified lesion found at mammography that has the solid internal structure and round or oval shape at US it is necessary to consider the following conditions during the differential diagnosis: low-grade invasive ductal carcinoma, mucinous, medillary, clear-cells carcinomas, invasive ductal carcinoma with necrosis or hemorrhage, low-grade adenosquamose carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma, malignant adenomyoepithelioma and papillary carcinoma, as well as the following rare benign tumors: phylloid tumor, tubular adenoma, fat necrosis, intraductal papilloma, adenoma of the nipple, papilloma-related metaplastic tumors, ductal adenoma, sclerosing adenosis, complex screrozing lesion, and hemangioma. Conclusion. We found no specific imaging signs that allowed to identify the adenomyoepithelioma. This makes necessary to consider both benign and malignant adenomyoepithelioma during the differential diagnosis of round or oval shape solid lesion detected in mammography and/or ultrasound.

BAG3 induces fibroblasts to release key cytokines involved in pancreatic cell migration.

Pancreatic ductal adenoma carcinoma (PDAC) is considered one of the deadliest solid cancers as it is usually diagnosed in advanced stages and has a poor response to treatment. The enormous effort made in the last 2 decades in the oncology field has not led to significant progress in improving early diagnosis or therapy for PDAC. The stroma of PDAC plays an active role in tumour initiation and progression and includes immune cells and stromal cells. We previously reported that Bcl2‐associated athanogene (BAG3) secreted by PDAC cells activates tumour‐associated macrophages to promote tumour growth. The disruption of this tumour–stroma axis by the anti‐BAG3 H2L4 therapeutic antibody is sufficient to delay tumour growth and limit metastatic spreading in different PDAC preclinical models. In the present study, we examined the role of BAG3 to activate human fibroblasts (HF) in releasing cytokines capable of supporting tumour progression. Treatment of fibroblasts with recombinant BAG3 induced important changes in the organisation of the cytoskeleton of these cells and stimulated the production of interleukin‐6, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1/C–C motif chemokine ligand 2, and hepatocyte growth factor. Specifically, we observed that BAG3 triggered a depolymerisation of microtubules at the periphery of the cell while they were conserved in the perinuclear area. Conversely, the vimentin‐based intermediate filaments increased and spread to the edges of the cells. Finally, the conditioned medium (CM) collected from BAG3‐treated HF promoted the survival, proliferation, and migration of the PDAC cells. Blocking of the PDAC‐fibroblast axis by the H2L4 therapeutic anti‐BAG3 antibody, resulted in inhibition of cytokine release and, consequently, the inhibition of the migratory phenotype conferred by the CM to PDAC cells.

Abstract P6-10-13: Associated ductal carcinoma in situ in primary operated TNBC is associated with a longer time to distant event

Abstract Purpose We studied presence of accompanying ductal adenoma in situ (accom-DCIS) in a consecutive series of primary operated TNBC for distant time-to-event outcome. Methods A retrospective cohort study (diagnosis 1/1/2000 - 31/12/2017) of prospectively registered primary operated TNBC patients in UZ Leuven. Only TNBC of no special type were included. We compared patient (age, BMI, symptomatic/screening-detected) and tumor related factors (Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), Lymphovascular Involvement (LVI)) for accom-DCIS and analyzed the effect of accom-DCIS on distant time to event outcome using the Cox proportional hazards model. Multivariate models were used to correct for possible confounders. Results We included 524 patients. Median follow-up was 102 months. Mean age of patient was 57.3 [26-90] years and 361 had accom-DCIS (68,9 %); demographics, clinical-pathological characteristics and postoperative chemo- and radiotherapy were similar in patients with and without accom-DCIS; only LVI was significantly more likely to be present in accom-DCIS cases (p=<0.001). There were no differences in distant relapse rate (16.6% in accom-DCIS group vs 12.9% in no DCIS group [HR = 1.350, 95% CI (0.817;2.248) p=0.239]. Time to distant event was later if accom-DCIS was present: Mean time to distant event was 2.72yrs in the accom-DCIS group and 1.61yrs in the group with absent DCIS. In accom-DCIS 20/63 (31.8%) distant relapses occurred after 3 years while only 1/21 distant relapse (4.8%) occurred after 3 years in the non-DCIS group [HR =6.667, 95% CI (0.952-46.705) p=0,029]. Conclusion In our series of TNBCs, patients with and without accom-DCIS had similar distant relapse rates. Significantly more distant relapse occurred after 3 years in patients with accom-DCIS compared to patients without accom-DCIS. Citation Format: Jan Ardui, Hans Wildiers, Giuseppe Floris, Hava Izci, Kevin Punie, Tatjana Geukens, Els Van Nieuwenhuysen, Sileny Han, Patrick Berteloot, Annouschka Laenen, Hilde Janssens, Ann Smeets, Caroline Weltens, Ignace Vergote, Patrick Neven. Associated ductal carcinoma in situ in primary operated TNBC is associated with a longer time to distant event [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-10-13.

粘液化生を伴った乳管腺腫の 1 例

粘液化生を伴った乳管腺腫の 1 例

Gross morphology and histopathological features of cutaneous neoplasia in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Macroscopic and histopathologic lesions of the integumentary system were studied in 105 camels slaughtered in the central part of Iran. The gross appearance of lesions, particularly in cross section, was studied comparatively. Gross lesions consisted of focal-multifocal skin thickening with or without hair loss and crust formation, ulcerative lesions and nodules or masses on the epidermis or in the subcutis. From histopathological characteristics, skin tumours were classified as squamous papilloma (4%), fibropapilloma (4%), subcutaneous lipoma (2%), melanocytoma (2%), melanoma (2%), sebaceous gland adenoma (1%) and sebaceous ductal adenoma (1%). These results showed that the prevalence of cutaneous neoplasia in camels (15.24%) is not very rare, but it has not received adequate attention.

41. A case of salivary gland adenoma with ductal differentiation with morphological resemblance to normal striated ducts

Background WHO classification of salivary gland adenomas includes a morphological spectrum based on cellular and stromal components. Pure ductal adenoma is not a valid entity in the current WHO classification. Clinical data A 73 year old woman underwent a parotidectomy with clinical suspicion of pleomorphic adenoma. On follow up at 32 months, there was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Pathological findings Grossly a relatively circumscribed 22 mm tumour was identified. Histologically it was composed of ductal structures lined by columnar cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and no cytological or architectural features of malignancy. The ducts showed a great resemblance to normal striated ducts. On immunohistochemistry the lesional cells exhibited an epithelial phenotype (positive for AE1/3, CK7, and CEA) and immunostains for myoepithelial markers failed to demonstrate a myoepithelial component. Electron microscopy attributed an epithelial nature to the tumour with ultrastructural features suggestive of intermediate ducts. Discussion This case demonstrated features of a benign neoplasm, although difficult to subtype. Entities including pleomorphic adenoma, oncocytoma, basal cell and canalicular adenoma were considered in the differential diagnosis. On immunomorphological grounds, there was a great resemblance to striated ducts. A series (6 cases) of striated duct adenomas has been previously reported in the literature. The current tumour had an essential histological resemblance to those cases, although EM failed to prove a definite striated duct origin. Conclusion We report a case of salivary gland neoplasm with ductal differentiation intermediate between striated and intercalated ducts. We believe pure ductal salivary gland adenomas are uncommon but do exist and should be considered in the differential diagnosis if appropriate morphological features are identified.

Breast 3T-MR imaging: indication for stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess indications for stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (SVAB) evaluated by breast 3 T-magnetic resonance (3 T-MR) imaging in patients showing suspicious microcalcifications on mammography and negative ultrasound (US) findings.Methods and materialsFifty-five patients with 55 breast lesions showing suspicious microcalcifications on mammography and negative US findings underwent preoperative 3 T-MR examination including dynamic MR imaging. All patients underwent SVAB within 1 month of MR imaging. The pathological diagnosis of each breast lesion was made by examining tissues obtained by SVAB or radical/partial mastectomy.3 T-MR imaging findings were evaluated by using the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Atlas (BI-RADS-MRI) and then were correlated with the histopathological findings. When BI-RADS 4 and 5 MR imaging lesions were assumed to be malignant, the usefulness of 3 T-MR imaging was evaluated for diagnosis of impalpable breast lesions by SVAB among lesions with microcalcification detected by mammography and negative US findings.ResultsThere were 21 malignant lesions, including 5 invasive ductal carcinomas, 16 lesions of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 3 T-MR imaging for deciding the indications for SVAB was 90.5%, 97.1%, 95.0%, 94.3%, and 94.5%, respectively. The one-false negative case was a DCIS with small enhancing lesions (0.5 mm). The one false-positive case was ductal adenoma with a linear ductal pattern of enhancement.Conclusions3 T-MR imaging may be useful for deciding the indications for SVAB in patients who have breast lesions with microcalcification that are impalpable and are detected by mammography and negative US findings. However, our findings should be considered preliminary and further prospective investigation is required.

516 The Incidence of Pancreatogenic Diabetes After Major Partial Pancreatic Resection May Be Greater Than You Think

Background: The number of pancreatic resections performed each year in the United States according to the Nationwide Inpatient Sample is growing (currently around 5000). Nearly half of the patients undergoing resection (many with benign disease) will experience prolonged survival (>2 years), yet the long-term risk of pancreatogenic (type III) diabetes remains unknown. Previous estimates from small studies outside of the U.S. suggest a risk between 10-20%. Methods: After IRB approval, 1107 patients were identified who underwent pancreatectomy at a single institution from 2005 to 2012. Living patients were contacted by telephone, and preand postoperative diagnoses of diabetes mellitus (DM) were confirmed using a verbal questionnaire. Only individuals who completed the survey were included in the study. Results: Calls were made to all 691 living patients who underwent partial pancreatectomy. DM-specific information was successfully obtained for 257 patients (23% of the total cohort), including 179 pancreaticoduodenectomies (PD) and 78 distal pancreatectomies (DP). In the PD group: 44 (25%) patients reported having DM prior to resection (median onset 7 years prior, range 0.1 to 30), with 10 (6%) reporting onset within 1 year of resection. Of the group carrying a pre-operative diagnosis of DM, 3 (7%) had improved glucose control after resection (dose reduction in DM medicines), while 21 (48%) required escalated doses/medicines. Of 135 patients without preoperative DM, 24 (18%) were newly diagnosed with DM postoperatively (median onset 7.5 months postoperatively, range 1-64). In the DP group: 23 patients (29%) had DM preoperatively, with just 4 having onset within 1 year of resection (5%). No patients had improved glucose control after resection, while 6 (26%) patients carrying a preoperative diagnosis of DM had worse control after resection. Out of 55 patients without preoperative DM, 17 (31%) developed new onset DM after resection (median 6 months, range 0-60). In the total cohort of patients who developed DM after resection (n=41), the most common pathologic diagnoses at the time of resection were ductal adenocarcinoma (36%), IPMN adenoma (28%), and chronic pancreatitis (8%). Out of 190 patients without a diagnosis of preoperative DM, a high preoperative HgbA1C level (> 6%) was associated with an increased risk of developing new-onset DM postresection (38% of patients in the >6% group vs. 11% in the ≤6% group, p 6% identifies patients at highest risk. Incidence of perioperative DM with partial pancreatectomy

多数の核内細胞質封入体と核溝を有し悪性が疑われた乳腺硬化性乳頭腫 (乳管腺腫) の 1 例

背景 : 核内細胞質封入体と核溝は甲状腺乳頭癌の重要な細胞所見とされている. 今回われわれは, 乳腺穿刺吸引細胞診で核内細胞質封入体と核溝を有し, 甲状腺乳頭癌の乳腺転移や悪性乳腺腫瘍との鑑別が困難であった乳腺硬化性乳頭腫 (乳管腺腫) の 1 例を経験したので報告する.症例 : 60 歳, 女性. 右乳房腫瘤を自覚し近医受診. 精査加療目的で当院紹介され, 右乳癌 (浸潤性小葉癌) と診断された. 画像検査で, 左乳房の B と D 領域にも小腫瘤を指摘され, この 2 個の腫瘤に対して穿刺吸引細胞診が施行された. 細胞像より甲状腺乳頭癌の転移の可能性も含めて悪性が考えられ, 生検がすすめられた. 針生検と摘出生検では硬化性乳頭腫 (乳管腺腫) と診断された.結論 : 過去の報告より, 乳腺穿刺吸引細胞診において核内細胞質封入体がみられる場合は, 良性の可能性が高く, その他の所見も十分加味して組織型を推定する必要があると考えられた.

Abstract P4-04-14: A novel diagnostic method targeting genomic instability in breast intracystic tumors

Abstract Background: In breast lesions, indication for surgery is usually determined by pathological diagnosis together with radiological findings. However, differential preoperative diagnoses of intracystic papillary carcinomas vs. papillomas are very challenging even after needle biopsy, because of their non-specific radiological characteristics, and modest cytological and histological appearance. Hence, surgical excisional biopsy is recommended in the clinical management of these lesions, especially when associated with risk factors for malignancy, such as age (≥50years) and the presence of microcalcifications. Meanwhile, genomic instability (GIN) is an important hallmark of cancer, which may be useful for distinguishing cancers from benign tumors. Specifically, intracystic papillary carcinoma harbors significant GIN compared with intracystic papilloma.We have recently reported that genome-wide copy number aberrations can easily be detected by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), which can then be used to quantify GIN. The aim of this study is to investigate a novel diagnostic method, targeting GIN in breast intracystic tumors, using tumor DNA from samples obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Material and Methods: Thirteen consecutive breast intracystic tumors resected at Nagasaki University Hospital between August 2010 and March 2012, which included five cancers (four invasive carcinomas and one non-invasive carcinoma) and eight benign tumors (five papilloma, two ductal adenoma and one sclerosing papilloma), were studied. FNABs were performed by an experienced surgeon using a 22-gauge aspiration needle, who performed three FNAB passages per tumor. Tumor DNA was extracted using the QIAmp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen), followed by aCGH analysis using a high-density oligonucleotide microarray (Agilent® SurePrint G3 8×60k microarray). The frequency of aberrant chromosomal regions in the total genome was used as an indicator of GIN. Tumor DNA from the main tumor, taken from FFPE blocks corresponding to FNAB samples, was also analyzed to assess the similarity of cytogenetic profiles. Results: After three FNAB passages, sufficient amounts of DNA were obtained with an average of 7.09 μg (0.24-16.1 μg). The quality of the DNA and the aCGH data was excellent, as judged by the mean derivative log ratio spread (DLRSpread) of 0.22 (0.15-0.29), which estimates the log ratio noise by calculating the spread of log ratio differences between consecutive probes along all chromosomes. Further, the cytogenetic profile of paired FNAB and main tumor FFPE samples were highly similar, with an average concordance rate, defined as the ratio of the length of same copy number within pairs, of 97.7% (81.2-100%). aCGH analysis from FNAB samples showed that cancers harbored significantly more GIN than benign tumors, with mean frequencies of aberrant chromosomal regions of 17.5% and 0.34%, respectively (Wilcoxon's rank sum test, P = 0.0016). Conclusions: Our novel diagnostic method, which targets genomic instability, can clearly distinguish cancers from benign tumors of breast intracystic lesions with minimum invasion, thereby avoiding the need for surgical excisional biopsy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-04-14.

Recurrent pancreatitis caused by pancreatic ductal villous adenoma treated with endoscopic snare polypectomy

Recurrent pancreatitis caused by pancreatic ductal villous adenoma treated with endoscopic snare polypectomy

Apocrine Sweat Gland Ductal Adenoma with Sebaceous Differentiation in a Dog

A 7-year-old male, Border Collie, developed a firm mass, measuring approximately 1 cm in diameter, in the left buccal skin. Histologically, the mass was composed of ductal structures lined by bilayered luminal epithelial and basaloid tumor cells along with a few nests of sebaceous cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the luminal epithelial tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin (CK, CAM5.2) and CK19 but not for CK14 or p63. In contrast, the basaloid tumor cells were positive for CK14, p63, andαSMA but not for CK19 or CAM5.2. CK8 expression was observed in both luminal epithelial and basaloid tumor cells. The tumor cells with sebaceous differentiation were positive for CK14 but not for the other markers. This is the first case of an apocrine sweat gland ductal adenoma with sebaceous differentiation occurring in the buccal skin of a dog.

Matched rabbit monoclonal antibodies against αv-series integrins reveal a novel αvβ3-LIBS epitope, and permit routine staining of archival paraffin samples of human tumors

SummaryThe relationship between integrin expression and function in pathologies is often contentious as comparisons between human pathological expression and expression in cell lines is difficult. In addition, the expression of even integrins αvβ6 and αvβ8 in tumor cell lines is not comprehensively documented. Here, we describe rabbit monoclonal antibodies (RabMabs) against the extracellular domains of αv integrins that react with both native integrins and formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) human tissues. These RabMabs, against αvβ3 (EM22703), αvβ5 (EM09902), αvβ6 (EM05201), αvβ8 (EM13309), and pan-αv (EM01309), recognize individual integrin chains in Western blots and in flow cytometry. EM22703 detected a ligand-induced binding site (LIBS), reporting an epitope enhanced by the binding of an RGD-peptide to αvβ3. αvβ8 was rarely expressed in human tumor specimens, and weakly expressed in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, ovarian carcinoma cell lines expressed αvβ8, as did some melanoma cells, whereas U87MG glioma lacked αvβ8 expression. We observed an unexpected strong expression of αvβ6 in tumor samples of invasive ductal breast adenoma, colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and NSCLC. αvβ3 was strongly expressed in some invasive NSCLC cohorts. Interestingly, PC3 prostate cell and human prostate tumors did not express αvβ3. The RabMabs stained plasma membranes in FFPE-immunohistochemistry (IHC) samples of tumor cell lines from lung, ovary, colon, prostate, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN), breast, and pancreas carcinomas. The RabMabs are unique tools for probing αv integrin biology, and suggest that especially αvβ6 and αvβ8 biologies still have much to reveal.

Post-mortem Findings in Irish Culled Hounds

Little is known of the common diseases of hunting dogs or of the reasons why they are culled. To address these questions, necropsy examinations were conducted on 52 hounds aged 1.5-12 years (mean 6.5 ± 2.5 years) and culled from 10 Irish hunting kennels over a 3-year period. Progressive systemic disease was seen in six dogs only and encompassed individual cases of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis, bronchioalveolar carcinoma with metastasis to regional lymph nodes, renal amyloidosis, suppurative pneumonia, extramedullary plasmacytoma in the atrial wall of the heart and foreign body-induced hepatitis with focal peritonitis. Single or multiple localized tumours were identified in five dogs and, apart from the aforementioned, included two cutaneous haemangiomas, a trichoepithelioma, a lipoma and a mammary ductal adenoma. Three dogs were culled for lameness; one of these dogs had torn musculature, another had cellulitis and the third had a healed fracture of the tibia and fibula. Chronic renal changes were present in 48% of the dogs and included focal proliferative, exudative or crescentic glomerulonephritis (33%) or low-grade interstitial inflammatory changes (50%). The most frequently diagnosed skin lesions reported in this study were mild healed decubitus ulcers (33%), scars (33%) and stereotypic dermatitis (13%). These findings indicate that hounds are likely to be culled for reasons other than the presence of disease in most cases. In addition, this survey highlights different disease patterns in hounds than are typically observed in pet dogs.

Ductal adenoma内に発生した非浸潤性乳管癌の1例

Ductal adenoma内に発生した非浸潤性乳管癌の1例

Ductal adenoma of the breast.

Ductal adenoma of the breast.