Dualistic Nature Research Articles

Rephrasing William Blake’s Concept of God and Philosophy of Religion: A Critique from the Humanist Perspective

William Blake, a poet of vision, depicts God in human form and expounds religion on the tenet of aesthetic humanism. Humans are imaged as God in their moral, spiritual and intellectual nature. God’s powerful goodness comprises Mercy, Pity, Peace and Love expressed through humans. He identifies God with Man. Humans symbolize the world of opposites. The lamb represents human innocence and the tiger, violent and terrifying forces. The two represent the duality of human nature and the contrary states of human soul. Human experience embodied in the tiger corrupts and destroys human experience. His concept of God is based on humanism as reflected in “The Image”. Blake affirms his humanistic philosophy in “The Marriage of Heaven and Hell” and believes God being the product of human imagination and resides in all creations of beauty and wisdom. The child or the lamb represents God Who is conceived of as eternal, omnipresent, omnipotent, omniscient. Blake is opposed to conventional images of God and rejects obedience to the church. He lambasts religion as affecting every aspects of human life. He castigates the church cruelty and its morality and also varied oppressions through the prescriptions of the priests and condemns priests in “The Garden of Love”.

Co-Creation of a Center for a Regenerative Future

We present the ideas, conditions, and environments that motivated our co-creation of a Center for a Regenerative Future at the University of Denver. There is an emerging consensus among scholars and a widening realization among younger generations that the concept of sustainability has exhausted its utility as a framework and rhetorical narrative for creating a viable future for humanity. Growing levels of eco-anxiety related to climate change, loss of biodiversity, and their social and economic consequences suggest that efforts to achieve ‘sustainability’ or ‘sustainable development’ are not succeeding. Dominant sustainability paradigms typically rest on an anthropocentric culture–nature dualism and a mechanistic worldview that perpetuates a growth-based economic system that is socially inequitable and ecologically destructive. Regenerative paradigms offer holistic understandings of Earth systems, with accompanying commitments to social and ecological justice. They support the development of resilient communities that allow for wider economic prosperity, security, and global environmental healing. We share the successes, challenges, and experiences associated with our effort to create a Center for a Regenerative Future in the hope that others can leverage this information to build their own regenerative institutions, communities, and practices.

Специфика топоса рефлексии в контексте трансцендентальной и экзистенциальной моделей рассмотрения

The paper is focused on the examination of the topological problematics of the reflexion phenomenon in the context of understanding the transcendental and existential models of its consideration. Some features of the reflexion topos are highlighted based on the historical-philosophical and hermeneutic analysis. It is shown that in the development of the classical tradition of understanding reflection, the ideas of metaphysics as a special sphere of knowledge of the absolute are born, which determines the primacy of reflection in relation to sensory cognition. The reflexion topos is located in the sphere of the subject's speculation. In the tradition of forming ideas about transcendental reflection, the idea of the significance of the transcendental Other comes to the fore, moving the reflection topos beyond the limits of consciousness. The property of “mirroring” and transcen-dentality emphasizes the dualistic nature of reflection, the actualization of the spiritual and rational principles in the subject’s reflective experience. The intersubjective character of the reflexion topos in I. Kant’s philosophical ideas is outlined. Based on the philosophical views of M. Bakhtin, the specifics of the topos of the existential model of reflexion are revealed, where the Other is a multivalued subject for whom the reflexive-communicative act is an existential event. The existential reflexion topos is not initially set, is mobile, unstable, and is conditioned by the intensity of value interaction between personal principles. In conclusion, a vector for a deeper understanding of the topological problems of reflection in the context of existential consideration is giv-en.

Accounting infrastructure and promissory sustainable extractive industries: an actor-network theory analysis

PurposeThis study aims to articulate the conceptual foundations of the role of accounting infrastructure (calculative practice and the communicative dimension of accounting) in extractive industries (EIs) towards a sustainable orientation from an actor-network theory (ANT) perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis study is a literature-based analysis of the calculative property and communicative dimension of accounting in EIs, using the concepts of calculability, assemblage and other related concepts from ANT to identify potentialities and limits of the roles of accounting in this sector.FindingsWhile accounting infrastructure can influence social and environmental outcomes, it has not, as yet, led to ecologically and socially sustainable practices in EIs. Calculative properties and the communicative dimension of accounting infrastructure have capabilities to foster the phenomenon of “sustainability” in EIs by valuing, disclosing (reporting) and governing EIs towards a sustainable orientation. Conceptualizing sustainable EIs as a promissory economy, accounting infrastructure serves as a tool not only to represent past performance but also to enact the future: it helps to shape a sustainable future for the industry by informing and triggering behavioural decisions of EIs firms towards sustainable practices.Research limitations/implicationsThis conceptual paper is anticipated to stimulate future sustainability accounting research. The research agenda discussed in this paper can be used to enrich our understanding of the role of accounting in sustainability.Originality/valueThis paper charts a direction for future research by interpreting the role of sustainability accounting within networks of sociotechnical relations, using ANT concepts which attach importance to the dualism of nature and society. Conceptualizing sustainability accounting and reporting as an infrastructure, which draws more attention to the relationality characteristic of accounting, the study goes beyond the traditional interpretation of accounting as a mediation device and draws on a contemporary view of accounting by invoking the dynamic relation between accounting and society, in the context of EIs.

Razian prophecy rationalized

ABSTRACT Abū Bakr Muḥammad bin Zakariyyā' al-Rāzī (865–925) is generally known as a freethinker who argued against prophecy and revealed religion based on arguments from fairness of God and rationality. Recently, scholars have argued that Razi was not as radical as the general interpretation takes him to be. Both the freethinker and conservative interpretations seem well-supported based on difference bodies of evidence. However, the evidence is based on secondhand reports. In this paper I argue there is an interpretation of prophecy which is supported by primary sources and can reconcile these putatively contradictory positions. Under my interpretation Razi allows for prophecy based on the rationality of moral deference in certain circumstances. In this picture one function of prophets is to act as moral experts for deference. This interpretation provides a synthesis of the freethinker and conservative views. Razi is conservative in having room for prophecy because of his dualist nature of humanity, and Razi is still a freethinker who values reason above all, because moral expertise requires excellent command of reason.

The essence of the concept of violence in the theory of criminal law of Ukraine

Introduction. The problem of violence is traditionally one of the most relevant in domestic criminal law science. It is primarily about the problem of defining the meaning of the concept of "violence", the specifics of physical and mental (psychological) violence as objective signs of the components of violent crimes. Regarding physical violence, there are no terminological discussions in domestic legal science, in contrastto mental/psychological violence. It should be noted that both in the normative legalacts of Ukraine and in jurisprudence, both concepts of "mental violence" and"psychological violence" are found equally, so for the purposes of this article, we willuse both concepts. Violence is one of the most dangerous elements of violation of human rights, the provision of which in any legal social state is a priority direction of state policy. The aim of the article is to determine the essence of the concept of violence in the theory of criminal law of Ukraine. Conclusions. from the standpoint of social naturalism and a normative approach to a broad interpretation of the concept of violence, it is proposed to understand violence as both a physical and a psychological impact on the victim. The opposite approach, according to which violence is identified exclusively with physical impact on another person, is based on positivism and does not take into account the dualistic nature of this phenomenon. The main types of violence are physical and psychological. Objective and subjective signs of violence are singled out: this is illegal behavior that manifests itself in the external environment and is expressed in specific conscious acts of human activity; targeting another person's body; the presence of a specific addressee (the victim - in the case of direct violence, or his relatives - in the case of indirect violence); can take place both against and against the will of another person (victim);the intentional character of the person's behavior; the ability to influence the unconscious and cause physical, moral, property damage to another person; the presence of a goal to cause harm to another person of a certain nature. Key words: violence, aggression, physical violence, psychological violence,economic violence, sexual violence, mobbing, bullying, coercion, harm, influence, responsibility, inviolability, types of violence.

The benefits of prosocial power motivation in leadership: Action orientation fosters a win-win.

Power motivation is considered a key component of successful leadership. Based on its dualistic nature, the need for power (nPower) can be expressed in a dominant or a prosocial manner. Whereas dominant motivation is associated with antisocial behaviors, prosocial motivation is characterized by more benevolent actions (e.g., helping, guiding). Prosocial enactment of the power motive has been linked to a wide range of beneficial outcomes, yet less has been investigated what determines a prosocial enactment of the power motive. According to Personality Systems Interactions (PSI) theory, action orientation (i.e., the ability to self-regulate affect) promotes prosocial enactment of the implicit power motive and initial findings within student samples verify this assumption. In the present study, we verified the role of action orientation as an antecedent for prosocial power enactment in a leadership sample (N = 383). Additionally, we found that leaders personally benefited from a prosocial enactment strategy. Results show that action orientation through prosocial power motivation leads to reduced power-related anxiety and, in turn, to greater leader well-being. The integration of motivation and self-regulation research reveals why leaders enact their power motive in a certain way and helps to understand how to establish a win-win situation for both followers and leaders.

ГЕНЕЗИС ТА КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ОСНОВИ МУСУЛЬМАНСЬКОГО ПРАВА

The article is devoted to the problem of defining the conceptual foundations of Muslim law, inherent in its characteristic features. Emphasize the importance of studying the theological ideas of Islam, as they permeate legal concepts, forming a different "vision" of legal phenomena and legal reality. Attention is drawn to the relevance of scientific knowledge of Islamic religious doctrine in the conditions of modern trends, as a powerful ideological vector of the development of Muslim law, regardless of the inherent conservatism of Islamic society. In addition, the idea of the dualistic nature of Muslim law and its multifaceted nature is asserted, which is based on the conclusions of prominent legal scholars and religious scholars of the past and present, such as Abu Hanif, A. Ibn Khaldun, J. Schacht and others. The article presents the conclusions of the well-known modern scientist Benjamin Jokish regarding the borrowing of legal ideas of Jewish law, Roman law and Byzantium by theorists of Muslim law. The author, in general terms, reveals the issue of the genesis of Muslim law, in particular, the periodization of Muslim law is mentioned as a generalization of the historical stages of its existence, the role of legal schools (madhabs) in the process of the development of Muslim law is noted. The issue of distinguishing between the concepts of "Sharia" and "Fiqh" is also highlighted separately, attention is appropriately paid to the changing role of these two categories in the theory of Muslim law, since, first of all, the subject field of Fiqh began where the field of Sharia ended, which later acquired a different meaning. The field of research on the sources of Muslim law does not lose its relevance, in addition to the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the knowledge of the meaningful essence of ijtihad as a source of Muslim law derived from the Qur'an and the Sunnah, which is a functional tool for solving controversial issues of human existence and social life in general, acquires special importance.

The Relationship between Augustine’s Anthropological Duality and His Doctrine of the Two Cities

Augustine of Hippo’s early works distinguish between the earthly human person, driven by worldly desires, and the reborn person, oriented towards heaven. Later, in his monumental De ciuitate Dei (On the City of God), Augustine expands on this distinction, proposing the existence of two cities: the earthly city, characterized by the love of self; and the city of God, characterized by the love of God. This tension between the two loves shapes human understanding of and place in the world. This article explores how the said tension reflects a duality in human nature, tracing the development of the relationship between Augustine’s doctrine of the two cities and his reflections on the dual human nature from his early works to De ciuitate Dei. The article studies whether the duality of human nature mirrors the dichotomy between the ciuitas Dei (city of God) and the ciuitas terrena (earthly city), examining how the conflict between good and evil within individuals and society serves as a model for the conflict between the two cities in Augustine’s doctrine, with a focus on how these concepts are expounded in his earlier writings and articulated in his De ciuitate Dei. It examines how the interaction between these loves manifests in human actions and desires, and shapes our understanding of the good and desirable. Ultimately, this article seeks to address the question of whether the tension between the love of God and the love of self, both in society and in human nature, is capable of harmonious resolution in Augustine’s mindset.

Noninstitutionalized international security alliances: safeguarding world peace and regional stability

The article summarizes the Ukrainian diplomatic’ success stories in launching non-conventional modalities, instruments, methods of cooperation with global actors aimed to protect fundamental human rights and maintains the grounds for the present international order and stability.
 The constructions, instruments and methods in question are peculiar security alliances that encourage intergovernmental cooperation, first of all, in the case of international human rights protection and deepening political, economic, cultural and education diplomacy.
 The author produces a personal description of the noninstitutionalized security alliances and provides evidence-based examples of the permanent efficiency of such partnerships. The author pays attention to examining noninstitutionalized intergovernmental cooperation to clearly understand the security status quo in Europe and the world.
 Although most classic international organizations informally support Ukraine in its military defense against russia, there are no factual perspectives to formalize this cooperation, such as NATO or EU integration, in the nearest future. The author illustrates the dualistic nature of noninstitutionalized international security alliances. On the one hand, they support fundamental regional actors such as NATO and the EU to execute their policy without formal promises or official bunding upon Ukraine. From another hand, it assists Ukraine in integrating state policy into the NATO and EU agenda and structure. Thus it brings Ukraine closer to Euro-Atlantic and European integration implicitly with both separate EU and NATO member states and such organizations as a whole.
 Eventually, the democratic states practice establishing and maintaining international cooperation in extraordinary security alliances as alternatives to classic international relations to ensure regional security and global peace. Ukrainian experience based on the full-scale international armed conflict is an excellent case to examine and further research.

Particle-continuum duality of skyrmions

Topological solitons are crucial to many branches of physics, such as models of fundamental particles in quantum field theory, information carriers in nonlinear optics, and elementary entities in quantum and classical computations. Chiral magnetic materials are a fertile ground for studying solitons. In the past a few years, a huge number of all kinds of topologically protected localized magnetic solitons have been found. The number is so large, and a proper organization and classification is necessary for their future developments. Here we show that many topological magnetic solitons can be understood from the duality of particle and elastic continuum-medium nature of skyrmions. In contrast to the common belief that a skyrmion is an elementary particle that is indivisible, skyrmions behave like both particle and continuum media that can be tore apart to bury other objects, reminiscing particle-wave duality in quantum mechanics. Skyrmions, like indivisible particles, can be building blocks for cascade skyrmion bags and target skyrmions. They can also act as bags and glues to hold one or more skyrmions together. The principles and rules for stable composite skyrmions are explained and presented, revealing their rich and interesting physics.

Нотариальные действия как средство защиты прав государства

The article analyzes the problem of protecting the rights and interests of the state in the context of notarial activities. The author proceeds from the dualistic nature of the domestic notaries, but considers it as a means of legal protection and protection of not only private, but also public rights and interests. It is shown that the state can act as a subject of not only public law, but also private law relations, without changing the fundamental principles of civil circulation. Emphasis is placed on the fact that participating in private law relations, the state, nevertheless, implements public interests. The issue of notarization of civil law transactions, in which the state is a participant, is considered, proposals are made to improve the current legislation in terms of fixing the mandatory notarization of arbitration agreements with the participation of the state, a notarized mediation agreement as a basis for refusing to accept a statement of claim, as well as a special status of a notary certified transaction as “indisputable evidence” in cases of action proceedings.

Candida albicanspathogenesis in the context of mucosal type II interferonopathy

Abstract Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a powerful cytokine that is crucial for adequate host defense. However, unchecked IFNγ can cause autoimmunity in several organs and can be directly toxic to host cells. Indeed, excessive IFNγ, or type II interferonopathy, occurs in several diverse disease states, including STAT1 gain-of-function mutations, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), Downs syndrome, and AIDS. We have recently shown that in APECED, which is caused by deficiency of autoimmune regulator (AIRE), excessive IFNγ leads to greater susceptibility to oral Candida albicans infection. C. albicans is both a normal member of the human microbiome and the most common human fungal pathogen. The ability of C. albicans to morph between commensal and pathogenic states is tied to its complex transcriptional regulation of virulence traits in response to environmental cues. Thus, we hypothesize that excessive IFNγ in the oral mucosa leads C. albicans to transition to a more virulent state. We are using transcriptomics to define the response of C. albicans to excess IFNγ. Further, we have found that during infection of oral epithelial cells, C. albicans becomes more invasive in the presence of IFNγ. Thus, we are also using metabolomics to investigate soluble mediators released by these cells in response to IFNγ. These experiments will shed light on C. albicans virulence regulation in response to autoinflammatory conditions. Further, this study will provide new insights into the dualistic nature of IFNγ — providing protection against many pathogens, while facilitating disease from a specific pathogen. This work was supported by the Division of Intramural Research of the NIAID (ZIA AI001175).

INTERRELATION SYSTEM OF TRANSFORMATIONAL PROCESSES OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC STRUCTURES AND PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY

The relevance of the problem under study is connected with the identification of the relationship between the transformation processes of agrarian structures and issues of sustainable food security; with the definition of contradictions and uncertainties of the harmonious interaction of different forms of management formed in the process of transformation; revealing their functional differences; typology and scenario forecasts of development. The dualistic nature of the results of the transformation of the main forms of management in the system of the national economy is substantiated.
 Purpose. Identification of key aspects of the specifics of the results of transformational processes of economic structures in the agrarian economy of the Russian Federation and substantiation of the importance of a harmonious relationship with each other in accordance with the tasks of food security in the face of modern challenges.
 Materials and methods. The methodology of an integrated approach was used based on the systematic approach of Western and Russian researchers, as well as on the methodology of small economic structures Chayanova A.V., Kondratieva N.D. Methods of comparative economic analysis using the data of official statistics of the Russian Federation and FAO, as well as methods of visualizing the results of the study are involved. The case method was used to study the specifics of various economic structures, and the scenario modeling method was used to determine the trends for further development.
 Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the results of the market transformation of economic structures and the economic effects of their activities, it was revealed that: firstly, the dynamics and rates of food inflation in the system of the Russian economy are lower than the global ones; secondly, large economic structures prevail in the structure of production and rates of output of food products; thirdly, the predominance of market power on the part of large economic structures leads to the deformation of market relations and the need to find a solution to the problem of creating equal opportunities for large and small economic structures.
 Conclusion. The importance of creating a model of harmonious relations between different forms of management is substantiated. Scenario forecasts of possible trends in the further development of small and large economic structures have been made.

The Duality of Human Nature as an Anthropological Principle

The Duality of Human Nature as an Anthropological Principle

Мировое соглашение под условием: усмотрение сторон или неоконченный конфликт

The article examines the issues of the admissibility of concluding a settlement agreement under a suspensive or resolutive condition, as well as the impact of the occurrence or non-occurrence of such conditions on the fate of the settlement agreement and its enforcement. The author makes an attempt to assess the limits of the freedom of the contract when concluding a settlement agreement, taking into account its dualistic (civil law and procedural) nature. In particular, the problem of the correlation of the principle of free agreement of conditions in a settlement agreement as a civil law contract with its inherent procedural properties of a court decision — finality, certainty, enforceability is analysed. The author reveals the practical difficulties that arise with forcing the execution of settlement agreements, especially if the obligations for one party are defined under the condition, and for the other party they are formulated specifically and are subject to immediate implementation. The article draws attention to the impact of direct prohibitions to make certain transactions under the condition established by law, on the inclusion of elements of these transactions in settlement agreements.

Реализация принципа справедливости в деятельности нотариуса

In the course of the study, it was revealed that justice in the activities of a notary is, in a narrow sense, in his impartiality, and in a broad sense, in the purpose of the institution of the notary itself and the features of the mechanisms used to implement the main goals of the notary. The main feature is its dualistic nature, on the one hand, the notary acts on behalf of the state when performing notarial actions, on the other hand, he primarily respects the private legitimate interests of the citizens and legal entities who have applied, so that legal ignorance cannot be used to their detriment. The notary acts as a kind of “buffer” and a guide between the law and the persons to whom this law applies.

О некоторых проблемах применен ия принципа справедливости во внутренней деятельности хозяйственных обществ

Achieving farness in the internal activities of business corporation requires a combination of both organizational and contractual mechanisms, which is due to the dualistic (statutory and contractual) nature of the business corporation. Effectively applied for asset allocation the principle of proportionality cannot fully guarantee fairness in the implementation of management activities, since consolidation of corporate power is required for managerial decision-making. The exercise of power functions by majority shareholders may lead to infringement of the investment interests of minority ones. The solution to the problem is the redemption of the share by the business corporation at the request of the stockholder upon the occurrence (non-occurrence) of certain circumstances, which can be considered as the redemption of an unspecified rent in advance. Despite the existence of special rules in corporate legislation governing the repurchase of shares at the request of a shareholder in order to achieve fairness it is advisable to fix the general rule on the right of a shareholder of a business corporation, taking into account the conditions provided for by law and the charter, to demand the repurchase by a business corporation of his shares in case of violation by the corporation of his reasonable investment expectations.

Правовая природа судебного примирения

Introduction. The article examines the legal nature of judicial reconciliation with the participation of a judicial conciliator (hereinafter referred to as judicial reconciliation), and highlights the debatable nature of the topic under consideration. The authors state that it is necessary to disclose the legal nature of judicial reconciliation in order to clarify its place in the legal system of Russia and to identify functional links with other related institutions of substantive and procedural law. Problem statement. The article argues that the success of the introduction of the institution of judicial reconciliation into legal practice depends on the disclosure of its legal nature in the system of human rights tools and mechanisms. At the same time, the ambiguity of the term of “legal nature” itself contributes to uncertainty in this matter. It is proved that the content of the term of “legal nature” includes various signs of the phenomenon, which must be consistently disclosed in the process of cognition. The authors emphasize that the legal nature of judicial reconciliation is complex, dualistic. This is expressed in a combination of judicial (jurisdictional) and extra-judicial (non-jurisdictional, alternative) characteristics, which is clearly revealed in the dualism of the legal status of the judicial conciliator. Theoretical and empirical analysis. The analysis of the legislation shows that, on the one hand, a judicial conciliator is a former judge who has extensive practical experience in legal proceedings and a vision of the prospects for resolving the case; on the other hand, the judicial conciliator, while remaining part of the judicial system, is free from rigid conservativecorporatist judicial discipline when conducting judicial reconciliation and can, without excessive formalism and substantive resolution of the case, offer the parties mutually beneficial reconciliation conditions, under which the legal conflict will be resolved. Results. The authors conclude that the duality of the legal nature of judicial reconciliation is due to the convergence processes that take place in the Russian law and trends associated with the change in the configuration of the judiciary.

The Quest for Cognition in Purposive Action: From Cybernetics to Quantum Computing

Norbert Wiener and Nikolai Bernstein set the stage for a worldwide multidisciplinary attempt to understand how purposive action is integrated with cognition in a circular, bidirectional manner, both in life sciences and engineering. Such a 'workshop' is still open and far away from a satisfactory level of understanding, despite the current hype surrounding Artificial Intelligence (AI). The problem is that Cognition is frequently confused with Intelligence, overlooking a crucial distinction: the type of cognition that is required of a cognitive agent to meet the challenge of adaptive behavior in a changing environment is Embodied Cognition, which is antithetical to the disembodied and dualistic nature of the current wave of AI. This essay is the perspective formulation of a cybernetic framework for the representation of actions that, following Bernstein, is focused on what has long been considered the fundamental issue underlying action and motor control, namely the degrees of freedom problem. In particular, the paper reviews a solution to this problem based on a model of ideomotor/muscle-less synergy formation, namely the Passive Motion Paradigm (PMP). Moreover, it is shown how this modeling approach can be reformulated in a distributed manner based on a self-organizing neural paradigm consisting of multiple topology-representing networks with attractor dynamics. The computational implication of such an approach is also briefly analyzed looking at possible alternatives of the von Neuman paradigm, namely neuromorphic and quantum computing, aiming in perspective at a hybrid computational framework for integrating digital information, analog information, and quantum information. It is also suggested that such a framework is crucial not only for the neurobiological modeling of motor cognition but also for the design of the cognitive architecture of autonomous robots of industry 4.0 that are supposed to interact and communicate naturally with human partners.