Dualistic Water Cycle Research Articles

Estimation of irrigated crop artificial irrigation evapotranspiration in China

Agriculture water use accounts for 70% of the total water withdrawal worldwide. The evapotranspiration during crop growth is one of the important hydrological processes in the agricultural water cycle. This study proposed the concept of artificial irrigation evapotranspiration of irrigated crops to describe that the evapotranspiration caused by irrigation water use. Irrigated crops rely on two kinds of water sources: precipitation and irrigation water. With the construction of irrigation schemes, the artificial irrigation evapotranspiration plays an increasingly important role in the dualistic water cycle system of irrigated cropland. To reveal the amount of artificial irrigation evapotranspiration of 17 categories of irrigated crops in China, this study proposed a new quantitative model system which was established based on traditional evapotranspiration models and soil water balance models. Based on the new model system, we calculated the annual artificial irrigation evapotranspiration of irrigated crops for the period 2013 to 2017 in China. The results showed that the proportion of artificial irrigation evapotranspiration to the total evapotranspiration of irrigated crops was 41.3%, whose value was 228.1 km3 a−1. The artificial irrigation evapotranspiration in different agricultural water management regions were 90.0 km3 a−1 in the northeast region, 86.0 km3 a−1 in the southeast region, and relatively low 52.2 km3a−1 in the west region. The results of this study can provide methods for water management and policy–making in agricultural irrigated areas, and it can also provide a preliminary understanding of the influence of human activities on the dualistic water cycle in cropland.

Research on land subsidence-rebound affected by dualistic water cycle driven by climate change and human activities in Dezhou City, China

Over-exploitation of groundwater is the principal anthropogenic trigger for land subsidence in the North China Plain (NCP). With the promulgation of policies on groundwater extraction restrictions and bans, seasonal fluctuations and uplift have begun to occur in some typical subsidence areas in the NCP. In order to explore the land subsidence-rebound drivers, this study takes Dezhou City, a typical subsidence area in the NCP, as the study area and selects the main drivers in climate change: precipitation and evapotranspiration and the main driver in human activities: groundwater extraction, which together forms the background of the regional dualistic water cycle. In this background, this study selects the corresponding datasets and uses the improved Water Balance constraints Recurrent Neural Network (WB-RNN) method to establish the link between precipitation data, evapotranspiration data, groundwater extraction and groundwater level. Then uses the Gate Recurrent Unit-Convolutional Neural Network (GRU-CNN) method to establish the link between groundwater level and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) deformation, and then obtains the link between the drivers of the dualistic water cycle and land subsidence. Comparative analysis and changing model inputs found that 1) Seasonal fluctuations in land subsidence-rebound in Dezhou City are mainly controlled by the groundwater levels in Aquifer Groups III and IV, with amplitudes up to 15 mm per year. 2) Groundwater level changes in different layers lag precipitation at different times. Excluding the influence of human extraction factors, the maximum ground surface deformation fluctuation caused by monthly 260 mm precipitation can be up to 21.44 mm. 3) The impact of short-term heavy precipitation caused by Typhoon Lekima and Doksuri in 2019 and 2023 can cause deformation fluctuations to a certain extent.

A novel framework for investigating the mechanisms of climate change and anthropogenic activities on the evolution of hydrological drought

Climate change and anthropogenic activity are the primary drivers of water cycle changes. Hydrological droughts are caused by a shortage of surface and/or groundwater resources caused by climate change and/or anthropogenic activity. Existing hydrological models have primarily focused on simulating natural water cycle processes, while limited research has investigated the influence of anthropogenic activities on water cycle processes. This study proposes a novel framework that integrates a distributed hydrological model and an attribution analysis method to assess the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities on hydrological drought The distributed dualistic water cycle model was applied to the Fuhe River Basin (FRB), and it generated a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient > 0.85 with a relative error of <5 %. Excluding the year with extreme drought conditions, our analysis revealed that climate change negatively impacted the average drought duration (−105.5 %) and intensity (−23.6 %) because of increasing precipitation. However, anthropogenic activities continued to contribute positively to the drought, accounting for 5.5 % and 123.6 % of the average drought duration and intensity, respectively, because of increased water consumption. When accounting for extreme drought years, our results suggested that climate change has contributed negatively to the average duration of drought (−113.2 %) but positively to its intensity (7.8 %). Further, we found that anthropogenic activities contributed positively to both the average drought duration and intensity (13.2 % and 92.2 %, respectively). While climate change can potentially mitigate hydrological drought in the FRB by boosting precipitation levels, its overall effect may exacerbate drought through the amplification of extreme climate events resulting from global climate change. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to the effects of extreme drought.

Comprehensive evaluation of water resources and environmental carrying capacity based on dualistic water cycle analysis and its application in the Tuo River Basin, China

Maintaining water quantity and quality are two problems that occur during water resource development. Considering the reciprocal relationship, the threshold of water resource development urgently needs to be evaluated to guarantee environmental water function. In this study, the water resources and environmental carrying capacity (WRECC) evaluation method was proposed based on dualistic water cycle analysis. Nine indicators from 4 aspects, including the water resource utilization proportion, water use efficiency, pollutant treatment efficiency, river flow, and mutual coupling in the dualistic water cycle processes, were selected to represent the comprehensive WRECC. The first-order tributary of the Yangtze River, the Tuo River Basin, was chosen to validate the method. During the year 2009 to 2018, the water environment quality was improving in the study area, and WRECC evaluation results were in accordance with the change in the water system, which showed a decreasing trend during the study periods. WRECC revealed that the upstream area had severer water pressure than the middle area, mainly coming from insufficient freshwater to support social development and provide dilution capacity. The study proposed a human water cycle intervention scenario by increasing the recycled water use rate and wastewater treatment rate to improve the WRECC, and the improvement effects can reach 30%. The WRECC method provides a useful tool for water environment management and water resource planning.

Research and Application of the Mutual Feedback Mechanism of a Regional Natural-Social Dualistic Water Cycle: A Case Study in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, China

With the intensification of human activities, the natural water cycle has a significant nature-society dual feature, and identifying the mutual feedback mechanism between natural and social water cycles is an important basis for a more accurate simulation of the dualistic water cycle. In this study, two indexes of cumulative runoff change rate and social water cycle feedback rate are put forward, representing the degree of change in socio-hydrological unit runoff under the mutual feedback of the natural social water cycle in all upstream regions, and the degree influence of the water intake, consumption, and discharge process of the social water cycle on the natural water cycle in the socio-hydrological unit, respectively. Taking the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, which is marked by strong human activities, as the study area, the 2035 natural-social dualistic water cycles were simulated by a water allocation and simulation (WAS) model. Different water supply types and use structures cause the social water cycle to increase or decrease local runoff in different areas. The social water cycle feedback rate is greater than 1 in Beijing and Tianjin, and less than 0.25 in the mountainous areas and the Hebei plain, indicating that the social water cycle of each unit in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region increases or decreases local runoff due to different water supply types and use structures. The cumulative runoff change rate in this region was 0.66, indicating that the overall runoff was attenuated due to the social water cycle, and runoff attenuation was greater in the south than the north.

Structure construction, evolution analysis and sustainability evaluation of Water-Ecological-Economic system

Under the influence of human activities, the unary water cycle has been transformed into a “natural–social” dualistic water cycle, and the analysis of driving mechanism of the water system under the dualistic water cycle has become an important proposition for sustainable human-water development. This study explored the connotation, framework, and structure of the Water-Ecological-Economic (WEE) system. The WEE system encompasses water resources, society and economy, water use efficiency, water environment, and water ecology subsystems which interact functionally. And system dynamics is used to drive the evolution of system coupling. For each subsystem's characteristics, its sustainability evaluation index is proposed. MDM-TOPSIS combination evaluation model is applied to calculate the weights of indices and the sustainability comprehensive indicator of WEE system. Taking Nanyang in China as a case study, the results show that the sustainability of the WEE system has a downward trend in the early stage, but in the middle and late stages, ecological and environmental protection is considered, the sustainability level shows an upward trend with the support of several safeguard policies. The WEE system and its sustainability assessment theory proposed in this study will provide scientific support to water resources management and sustainable development planning.

The Considerable Water Evaporation Induced by Human Perspiration and Respiration in Megacities: Quantifying Method and Case Study in Beijing.

The water cycle in urban areas is called the natural-social dualistic water cycle, and it is driven not only by natural forces, but also by human activities. As the drivers of the social water cycle, human perspire continuously, and this is often overlooked as a contributing factor to the water cycle. This paper proposes a method for quantifying the water evaporation induced by human perspiration and respiration in megacities. A calculation based on the sweating prediction model was applied to the city of Beijing to evaluate the evaporation from the human body. The results show that the greatest volume of evaporation produced by human occurs in summer, and the least in spring. The total evaporation produced by human was converted to the evaporation on unit area of the city and reached 5075.2 m3/km2 in the six core districts of Beijing. According to the calculation, the total volume was considerable and reached 14.0 million m3 in 2020, which was equivalent to the annual evapotranspiration from an area of 104.9 km2 of Acer truncatum forest (15 cm diameter at breast height, afforestation density 800 plants/hm2), and even twice the annual total water use in Tartu, Estonia. The results of the study provide a reference for dualistic water cycle research and water cycle flux calculation in urban areas.

A Socio-Hydrological Unit Division and Confluence Relationship Generation Method for Human–Water Systems

Studies on human activities and the natural water cycle as a coupled system are essential for effective water resource management in river basins. However, existing calculation methods based solely on the natural water cycle do not meet the accuracy requirements of natural society dualistic water cycle simulations. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a more scientific and reasonable calculation unit division method and river confluence relationship determination method. This paper presents a socio-hydrological unit with natural society dual characteristics based on both the hydrological characteristics and the social administrative characteristics of the river basin. According to the elevation of the river buffer zone, river confluence relationships among socio-hydrological units are determined, and upstream and downstream confluence of the human–water system is obtained. Finally, a case study of the Jing-Jin-Ji region in China, an area of intensive human activities, was performed. A reliability of 94.3% was reached using the proposed socio-hydrological unit division and river confluence calculation method, suggesting that the approach is highly applicable. Thus, the proposed method for generating socio-hydrological units and determining river confluence relationships can be applied to study the mutual influence and spatial distribution characteristics of natural society dualistic water cycles. The data requirement is minimal, and the approach can provide benefits in research on human water systems.

Visualization of Multi Scenario Water Resources Regulation Based on a Dualistic Water Cycle Framework

Under the influences of global environmental change, the water cycle exhibits a characteristic “natural-social” duality. The theoretical framework of this dualistic water cycle model has become relatively mature and the frameworks for the natural and social water cycles of the process description are now relatively clear. Although many studies in this field focus on further improvement of the model, it is difficult to apply it to the multi-scenario regulation of water resources. To address this gap, based on the comprehensive integrated platform, this paper uses visual knowledge map technology and component technology to visualize the theoretical framework of the dualistic water cycle, and establishes a framework system for the visualization of the dualistic water cycle process. Three different water resource regulation scenarios were established in the system and example applications of water resources regulation using the system were realized. The simulation results of the system show that the system intends to assist the business function of water resources regulation, and it is able to set up a number of dynamic scenarios that can be controlled by users and assist the application of regional water resources regulation. The system’s regulatory process is visual, trustworthy, and operational, and it realizes the simulation application of water resources regulation under the framework of the dualistic water cycle.

Exploring evapotranspiration characteristics in urbanized areas of Tianjin plain

To reveal the characteristics of urban-based evapotranspiration, a SEBS-Urban model was applied to estimate the monthly evapotranspiration(ET) that occurred in the plain area of Tianjin over 2015—2017 considering anthropogenic heat release. A two-step verification method was used. First, a comparative analysis was performed with the MODIS MOD16 products for rural areas. Second, the urban water dissipation (UWD) framework was used to assess the model's performance in built-up areas. The feasibility of the Budyko formula was explored based on the SEBS-Urban results. Three key results were obtained: ① The SEBS-Urban model is reliable, and the results of the built-up area ET analysis are consistent from the perspectives of an urban surface energy balance and a dualistic water cycle. ② The ET increment ranges up to 85%~115% for the built-up area but only 7.2%~8.7% for the whole study area after including considerations for anthropogenic heat. ③ The Budyko formula obtained good results for estimating evapotranspiration in the study area, suggesting that it can also be applied to urban areas. The results of this study can provide a necessary reference for studies on evapotranspiration in urbanized areas.

The driving force of basin water resource utilization to lake nutrients

ABSTRACTUnderstanding of the effect of basin water resources utilization on lake nutrients is helpful to prevent lake eutrophication and facilitate sustainable water resources management. In this study, a lake basin dualistic water cycle system is established to identify the environmental effect of lake water. Four water utilization indicators were chosen to build a driving relationship with the lake nutrients. Three different trophic lakes in Yunnan Province, China – Dianchi, Erhai and Fuxian – were selected to demonstrate the changes in basin water utilization, runoff, nutrient loads and water-use indicators for the period 2000–2015. In addition, the driving forces of water-use indicators to nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) were analysed by a general additive model. Finally, an optimized water utilization system for each lake basin is proposed. The research provides a practical tool for water resources and environmental management in lake basins.

A dualistic water cycle system dynamic model for sustainable water resource management through progressive operational scenario analysis.

A reliable system simulation of the reciprocal mechanism between water resource utilization and dualistic water cycle is essential to the basin water resource sustainability management. In this study, a system dynamic model was built to simulate the water cycle change and lake water environmental pressure under the influence of water resources utilization, and the procedure of a progressive operational scenario analysis of how to relieve water environment pressure was illustrated. Dianchi Lake, which is the sixth largest and the most severely polluted freshwater lake in China, was employed as a case study to demonstrate the applicability of the model. The change of runoff components and pollution load of total nitrogen from 2000 to 2030 were discussed. Also, the sustainable water resource management was ultimately realized in the planning period through three progressive levels of water resource regulation scenarios. Compared with business-as-usual scenario, the TN pollution load into lake and total water demand decrease by 27.1 and 27.3%, and the domestic water use, industry water use, tertiary industry water use, and irrigation decrease 9.0, 16.8, 29.5, and 30% in the scenario 3.

Discussion on Core Technique and General Software Platform of River Water Resources Regulation in China

Due to the aggravation of human activities and global climate changes in recent decades, catchment water cycle has experienced strong variation. The world is faced with profound water crisis, and water problems are especially severe and water disasters are of high frequency in China. Water problems have become significant obstacle factors for realizing sustainable development, which greatly threatens national economy and ecological safety. Given the scientific background of catchment water cycle evolution and water resources comprehensive regulation, we propose the method of solving water problems through water resources operation based on dualistic water cycle theory and discuss the developing status and existing problems of current water resources operation in China. On this basis, we also put forward the technical framework and key process of water resources regulation, which integrates the six links of monitoring, simulation, evaluation, forecasting, regulation and control. Furthermore, aiming at the background of the second phase of National Water Monitoring Capacity Building Project, we introduce a nationwide general software platform for water resources regulation. This platform will realize business collaboration and information sharing among three-scale platform of Ministry of Water Resources, basin authorities and provincial level, so as to overall improve the ability of water resources regulation and decision-making.

Evaluation of regional water security in China based on dualistic water cycle theory

Abstract Water security is the basis of sustainable human development. A new evaluation system of water security was established based on the natural–social dualistic water cycle theory, and then applied to characterize water security issues in China. At the national scale, the current state of water security was moderate, which was attributed to the improvement of water resource management level. However, it is still seriously inadequate in coordination of water use between ecological protection and socio-economic development, and wastewater treatment and reuse. Consequently, a resilient and integrated water management with adaptive capacity is needed. Moreover, the water security state in southern China was better than that in northern China, which was mainly attributed to the abundance of water resources in the south. Although the critical factors hindering water security were significantly different among China's 31 administrative regions, the low urban sewage reuse rate was a common factor, and irrigation efficiency was low in most parts of southern China. While in northern China, water resource overexploitation, polluted water quality and degraded aquatic ecosystems were common challenges. The results are consistent with the actual situations of China, and the related analysis can provide a reference for increasing regional water security.

基于二元水循环的黄淮海平原耕地水源涵养功能研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于二元水循环的黄淮海平原耕地水源涵养功能研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201606011059 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家科技支撑计划项目（2015BAD06B01） Study on the water conservation function of cultivated land based on dualistic water cycle in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:水源涵养功能是陆地生态系统的重要功能类型之一。黄淮海平原耕地数量巨大，耕地利用模式典型，研究其水源涵养功能，对于调控区域水资源，推动耕地可持续利用有重要作用。从耕地利用角度出发，基于整个系统二元水循环过程，构建了黄淮海平原耕地水源涵养功能研究基本框架，并应用SCS-CN模型，结合研究区耕地覆盖数据、气候数据、土壤数据对黄淮海平原耕地水源涵养功能进行了评价。研究结果表明：耕地利用过程中的耕地水源涵养功能认识，应从理想水源涵养能力、有效水源涵养能力和净水源涵养能力3个层次展开；黄淮海平原耕地水源涵养功能效应在上述各层级上均表现出正向性，耕地水源涵养能力分别为1890.74、1127.76、464.62亿m3；空间上，黄淮海平原耕地水源涵养功能具有明显的空间分异性，北部和东南部地区耕地水源涵养能力较强，中部和西南部地区耕地水源涵养能力较弱。研究结果不仅为耕地生态功能理论研究提供新思考点，同时也为耕地水资源有效调控以及耕地生态补偿制定提供参考和支撑。 Abstract:Water conservation as an important ecosystem function has caused a rising interests in the scientific community in recent years. Huang-Huai-Hai Plain has a substantial cultivated land area and typical cultivated land-use patterns. So, the research on water conservation function of cultivated land in this area is important for regulating the regional water resources and promoting the sustainable utilization of cultivated land. We constructed a basic research framework of the water conservation function of cultivated land in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, which based on the dualistic water cycle process of cultivated land use systems. The water conservation function and spatial distribution of cultivated land in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was evaluated with cultivated land cover data, climate data, and soil data, by using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number(SCS-CN) model. The results suggested that the water conservation function of cultivated land should be identified by the ideal water conservation ability, effective water conservation ability, and net water conservation ability, which were 1890.74×108, 1127.76×108, and 464.62×108 m3, respectively, in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in 2012. And the water retention function of cultivated land showed obvious spatial heterogeneity:It was strong in the northern and southeastern regions of the study area, but it was weak in the central and southwestern regions of the study area. This study provides a new perspective on research of the ecological function theory of cultivated land, and a reference and support for regulating water resources effectively and formulating ecological compensation of cultivated land. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Initial research on the theory and application of urban water demand field

With the rapid development and progress and the urbanization of human society, the demand for water of human activity is increasing. In the development of human society, with the climate changing and human activities increasing, water shortages have become increasingly prominent. The amount of water in some areas cannot be guaranteed, as well as a sharp deterioration in water quality. With the acceleration of urbanization, urban water demand is increasing. The water resources in the natural water cycle which are supplied for the city are not enough. Thus, in various urban water supply and water diversion projects, water is transported to the city, with the purpose of supplying water for the city production and life. Water cycle has also evolved from the original natural water cycle to dualistic nature-social water cycle. The dualistic water cycle theory indicates a new direction for the development of hydrology and water resources disciplines. So far there is still no uniform mathematical formula that can accurately describe the dualistic water cycle. In this study, we try to explore the mathematical and physical foundation of dualistic water cycle. We focused on the cities and did the in-depth analysis of the interference and driving principle of the socio-economic water demand on the water cycle. By analogy in physics Maxwell equations, the urban water demand field-the concept of “water field” was preliminary defined. According to the concept of electric charge, we define the “water charge” as the water requirement intensity. In the progressive development of the city, the city is in the analogy of a point electric charge in electric field. The electric field is formed by the point electric charge, while the water demand field is formed by the urban water demand. Point charge electric field can be superimposed over each other, so the electric field strength is also superimposed. Also, the water field strength of each cities which are close can be superimposed, and the city group will attract the water resources more far from their location, for example, the South-North water conversion project. And the formulas for calculating the city “water field” intensity were proposed. We also defined the constant in the formulas. This study took 22 major cities in the Haihe River Basin as an example, the water demands of every city are consider the city “water charge”. And the Haihe River Basin water field strength was quantitative described by applying the water field strength calculation formulas, and the trends in water flow were analyzed. The results showed that the water field strength formulas can describe the driving force and the mobility trend of urban water resources. Through the preliminary application, with the distribution of water field, the water cycle of social trends and the direction of water flow in the Haihe River Basin can be more accurately and effectively described. Meanwhile, using the field strength calculation formulas, the water field strength of city can be calculated, which represents the attracting strength of the city for the water resources around the city.

Study on Water Quantity and Quality-Integrated Evaluation Based on the Natural-Social Dualistic Water Cycle

Study on Water Quantity and Quality-Integrated Evaluation Based on the Natural-Social Dualistic Water Cycle

Theoretical framework of dualistic nature–social water cycle

The global climate change and intensification of human activities in recent decades have made profound changes in hydrological cycle processes and water resources, and produced serious water problems and water crisis in many areas. The main reason is that the driving force of water cycle, the structure of water cycle, and the parameters of water cycle have dualistically evolved under the influence of human activities, and consequently resulted in reduction of runoff water resources, water pollution, and degradation of natural ecosystems. In order to realize of the safety aim of water supply, water environment, and ecosystem in area which is short of water resources, scientific regulation of water resources must take basin water cycle system as the unified base, and the first scientific basis is the awareness of the internal mechanism and law of water cycle evolution under highly intensive human activities. This article discussed four aspects of dualistic water cycle evolution, including its history in China, its theory, its characteristics in a typical basin, and its description of integral structure, along with the conceptive model system to quantify it. This article can be a reference to the basic cognition of water cycle evolution in a changing environment, and the study of water resources reduction reasons in the contemporary age.

Evolutionary mechanism of water cycle and efficient utilization of water resources in the Haihe River Basin

Water cycle in the river basin constitutes the objective basis of water resources evolution. Whatever their manifestations, water resources problems can all attribute to the imbalances caused by the evolution of water cycle or its associated processes in the river basin. Various types of water activities for solution to water problems are in nature a regulation of natural-social dualistic water cycle or its associated processes in the river basin. China is one of those countries which are faced with the most violent water cycle evolution and serious water problems with the Haihe River Basin as the

Integrated simulation of the dualistic water cycle and its associated processes in the Haihe River Basin

Water resource shortages, water environmental deterioration, and water ecological degradation are becoming increasingly prominent in the Haihe River Basin under the effects of global climate change and intense human activity. Finding ways to solve these problems reasonably is an urgent task in basin water resources management. The water cycle describes the formation and transformation of every water drop, while it interacts with associated water ecology and water environment processes. Therefore, to fundamentally solve the above problems, the three processes must be combined and the evolutionary trends of the ecology and water environment driven by the water cycle must be determined. To comprehensively diagnose and solve the problems of water resources, ecology and water environment in the basin, an integrated simulation platform of the dualistic water cycle and its associated processes in the Haihe River Basin was established by fully analyzing the “natural-social” dualistic characteristics of the evolution of the basin water cycle in this study. Accordingly, it is a supporting tool to evaluate the future trends of water resources, ecology and the water environment by setting scenarios based on the predictions of a climate mode and water control conditions. The results show that with climate change, the water consumption, groundwater overexploitation, and the amount of water flowing to the sea could develop soundly and satisfy the requirements of national economic growth in the future planning year 2030 through the implementation of water consumption control management and the South-North Water Diversion Project. Meanwhile, associated water environmental deterioration can be alleviated, and a growing trend for production capacities of the natural ecosystem and agro-ecosystem is seen. The above results provide a foundation for implementing basin water resources regulation and the most strict water resources management.