Dual-band Dual-polarized Antenna Research Articles

A Four-Port Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna for Ku-Band Satellite Communications

This paper presents the development of a four-port dual-band dual-polarized antenna for transmitting/receiving (Tx/Rx) applications in Ku-band satellite communications. The antenna consists of two antenna elements sharing a common radiating aperture, a low-band element formed by an L-probe proximity-fed square-ring radiator for operation at the Rx band of 10.7–12.75 GHz, and a high-band element realized by a stacked-patch radiator for operation at the Tx band of 13.75–14.5 GHz. Within a compact multilayer structure, the antenna achieves wide dual-band operation, with each band having the ability to simultaneously operate with dual polarization. An antenna prototype is fabricated and tested to verify its performance. The experimental results show that the proposed antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 9.28–12.96 GHz (13.21–15.32 GHz), an isolation value between two orthogonal polarizations of 12 dB (12.4 dB), and a peak gain of 6.63 dBi (5.42 diBi) at the low band (high band). Tx/Rx isolation of more than 14 dB is achieved in both the Rx band and Tx band.

Dual-band dual-polarized sub-6 GHz phased array antenna with suppressed higher order modes

This manuscript proposes a dual-band dual-polarized 64-element phased array antenna (PAA) with suppressed higher order modes (HoMs). Each array element is a microstrip patch structure with complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) loading, allowing for simultaneous dual-band and dual-polarization performance at 3.45 GHz and 3.87 GHz. The proposed PAA exhibits impedance matching of ≤-20\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\le - 20$$\\end{document} dB at 3.45 GHz and 3.87 GHz while limiting the mutual coupling below -19\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$- 19$$\\end{document} dB between the adjacent elements at both the operating bands. The proposed design includes a plated through hole placed near the CSRR loading to suppress any higher-order modes (HOMs). Two antenna prototypes, without and with HOMs suppression techniques are fabricated and measured. In addition, we demonstrate the beam steering of the proposed PAA up to ±600\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\pm 60^0$$\\end{document} using an off-the-shelf 6-bit phase shifter module. The proposed 64 -element array achieves a gain of 23 dBi, and shows a minimal steering loss of ≃3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\simeq 3$$\\end{document} dB over the steering angle.

A Dual-Band Dual-Polarized 2x2 Antenna Array with Beamforming for 5G AiP and mmWave Applications

In this study, we present a dual-band (28/39GHz) 2 by 2 antenna array design on a 10(4+2+4) multi-layer organic substrate with broad bandwidth and higher isolation onto a compact AiP module. In addition, the H-type slot antenna structure can improve interference and isolation between 28 and 39GHz bands. The measured result shows the isolation can larger than 15dB between low and high band. For antenna measurement, the spherical of probing chamber is utilized to validate 28/39GHz antenna pattern and performance with a package level passive testing. Our AiP measured result shows the return loss is better than 10 dB in 23.5-30.5 GHz range, with ~7 GHz bandwidth and provides a high-gain per element (above ~6 dBi) radiation pattern for 28GHz applications. For 39GHz band, the antenna has 7 GHz bandwidth and provides a 5 dBi gain between 38-45 GHz. Comparison of S-parameter between simulated and measured results, there is a good correlation to obtain the quality of manufacturing. Furthermore, a 28GHz beamforming array is designed and demonstrated. The beamfoming array consists of a four-channel transceiver with 2 x 2 antenna array. The beamformer IC is implemented by TSMC 90-nm CMOS technology and the flip-chip bonded on BT substrate. For beamforming test, an integrated socket and load board are designed for support the mmWave module and then connection between DUT and test system. The load board substrate includes the IF, LO, and DC distribution network for respectively. There are 4-channel transmit beamforming array front-end module for testing. Finally, the 3D beam steering of 2 by 2 antenna array is measured with multi-states at 28 GHz, with a maximum realized gain of 11.8 dBi achieved in the main beam (θ=0°). It shows that beamforming can be generated at a specific beam direction by controlling the phase of the signal in each antenna element.

SLM Printed Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Shared-Aperture Filtering Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Integrated Sensing and Communication

SLM Printed Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Shared-Aperture Filtering Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Integrated Sensing and Communication

Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna Based on TDLS Metasurface for 4G/5G Base Station Applications

Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna Based on TDLS Metasurface for 4G/5G Base Station Applications

A Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna With High Aperture Reuse Efficiency and Large Frequency Ratio for Modern Wireless Communications

A Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna With High Aperture Reuse Efficiency and Large Frequency Ratio for Modern Wireless Communications

Shorting Pin Inspired Coupling Reduction in Dual-Band Dual-Polarized STAR Antenna

Shorting Pin Inspired Coupling Reduction in Dual-Band Dual-Polarized STAR Antenna

A Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna for Harvesting in Cellular and Digital Terrestrial Television Bands

A Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna for Harvesting in Cellular and Digital Terrestrial Television Bands

Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna With Parasitic Elements for 5G Antenna-in-Package Design at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna With Parasitic Elements for 5G Antenna-in-Package Design at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antennas for 5G mmWave Base Stations

In this paper, we present a systematic approach for the development of application-specific antennas for 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) base stations. First, an in-depth analysis of 5G mmWave base stations considering the required antenna gain and antenna elements to address different equivalent isotropic radiated power requirements is presented. This is followed by an evaluation of the realistic impact of different factors, which affect mmWave communication, namely output power of power amplifiers, antenna gain, losses and weather condition (rain), on transmission ranges between base station and terminals, considering the link budget analysis for an Urban Macro cell with the Non-Line-of-Sight transmission, as an example. Finally, based on a comparative analysis of published dual-band dual-polarized 5G mmWave antennas, we propose a novel configuration of a dual-band dual-polarized antenna for 5G mmWave base station applications, which overcomes the limitations of conventional antennas in published literature. Our proposed antenna covers the specified 3GHz bandwidths in the 5G mmWave n257 and n260 bands and reaches approximately 6 and 6.7 dBi, respectively in these bands. Furthermore, it exhibits at least 20 dB isolation between the polarizations and has dimensions of 1.831.83 1.2 mm. We modeled, simulated, fabricated, measured and analyzed this new antenna configuration. Excellent correlation is obtained between measurement and simulation results.

Low-Profile Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Transmitarray Antenna Based on Multilayer Frequency Selective Surfaces

Low-Profile Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Transmitarray Antenna Based on Multilayer Frequency Selective Surfaces

Design of a Crossed Dielectric Resonator-Loaded, Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Differential Patch Antenna with Improved Port Isolation and Gain

To meet the urgent requirement for more channel capacity in modern wireless communication systems, antennas with more operation bands are demanded. However, large amounts of antennas suffer from low radiation gains and low port isolation levels. In view of this, a differentially fed, dual-wideband, dual-polarized patch antenna is proposed in this paper. Compared with conventional crossed-feeding structures, the proposed crossed dielectric resonator (CDR) can provide extra resonances with improved isolation levels and radiation gain. Further, four shorting pins are introduced to the radiating patch to help improve the impedance-matching performance. In addition, the proposed antenna also has a very compact size of 0.46λ × 0.46λ × 0.12λ. Finally, a prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated to validate the design concept. The measured results show that the proposed antenna generates dual wide bands of 1.86–2.52 GHz and 3.26–3.72 GHz for |S11| < −10 dB. High radiation gains of 8.9 ± 0.9 dBi and 10.8 ± 1.2 dBi are also obtained, as well as high port isolation levels of better than 38.4 dB and 36.2 dB at the two bands. The excellent performance of the proposed antenna makes it a promising candidate for 4G/5G wireless communication systems.

A dual-band dual-polarized frequency beam-scanning antenna based on HMSIW and PC

A dual-band dual-polarized frequency beam-scanning (FBS) antenna based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) and photonic crystal (PC) is proposed. HMSIW can decrease the width of the substrate, and each eigenmode of PC has own unique electric-field distribution, which can be good for generating different polarization types. Therefore, the proposed antenna not only has a narrow substrate, but also has the characteristic of circularly polarized (CP) and linearly polarized (LP) radiation, which can be used for overcoming effectively the multipath fading and enhancing the channel capacity. For increasing the bandwidth of 3 dB axial ratio (AR), the slots on top surface are not perfectly symmetrical in the improved unit cell. The asymmetrical antenna based on the improved unit is manufactured and measured. The antenna can accomplish 33° scanning angle with the realized gains of 7.9–10.6 dBi in the CP working band (7.2 to 8.2 GHz), and can also achieve 24° beam-scanning for the LP radiation (8.8 to 9.6 GHz), whose realized gains are from 9.5 to 11.5 dBi. In addition, the experimental results are highly consistent with the simulated results, verifying that the design is feasible.

Simultaneous Suppression of Cross-Band Scattering and Coupling Between Closely Spaced Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antennas

When two antennas working in different frequency bands are placed in proximity, they suffer from strong cross-band interactions that degrade their radiation performance and reduce the isolation between them. This paper presents holistic methods to simultaneously suppress cross-band scattering and coupling. Specifically, we develop a systematic solution to suppress the scattering of low-band (LB) antennas to high-band (HB) radiation as well as the scattering of HB antennas to LB radiation using three new techniques. This leads to much reduced cross-band coupling between the LB and HB antennas. The proposed methods are applied to a “1 LB + 1 HB” dual-band array configuration with only one LB cross-dipole and one HB cross-dipole placed side-by-side to exclude the effects of the array topology. The robustness of the proposed methods is comprehensively verified for different scenarios by simulations and experiments. Furthermore, the methods are evaluated in a “1 LB + 4 HB” array configuration. In addition to effectively suppressing cross-band scattering and coupling, the proposed methods also demonstrated a significant reduction in in-band coupling between adjacent HB antennas.

Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Shared-Aperture Grid Antenna With Large Frequency Ratio

In this letter, a dual-band dual-polarized shared-aperture grid antenna with a large frequency ratio is presented. To achieve shared aperture and large frequency ratio, a millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) partially reflective surface (PRS) is embedded into a microwave patch antenna. A periodic circular grid patch is adopted not only as the microwave antenna but also as the mm-Wave PRS antenna. The mm-Wave PRS antenna is centrally excited by a cross-shaped waveguide with two coaxial connectors, and the microwave patch antenna is driven by a pair of orthogonal L-shaped probes, resulting in polarization diversity in both bands. A compact microstrip resonant cell (CMRC) and a metal post are designed to reduce the couplings between different ports. For demonstration, a prototype operating in the 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz bands is fabricated and measured. The overlapped measured -10 dB impedance bandwidths between the orthogonal ports cover 3.41–3.59 GHz (5.14%) and 26.62–30.26 GHz (12.8%) in the low and high bands, whereas the measured peak realized gains of 8.75 dBi and 12.79 dBi are obtained, respectively. All port-to-port isolations are larger than 20 dB over the bands of operation.

A Miniaturized Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Base Station Antenna Loaded With Duplex Baluns

A novel miniaturized dual-band and dual-polarized base station antenna loaded with duplex baluns is proposed in this letter. The duplex balun consists of a lower-band filter structure (LFS) and an upper-band filter structure (UFS). The LFS contains a stepped-impedance filter, an open-circuited stub, and an impedance matching section. The UFS contains a highpass filter and an impedance matching section. The proposed antenna has two independent current paths, which enables it to operate in dual bands, and the two paths are bent to achieve its small overall size. By miniaturizing the antenna and loading LFS&UFS, the operating bands of 1.71-2.17 GHz and 3.22-3.7 GHz, the compact size of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.24 \times 0.24 \times 0.18\lambda _{LL}^3$</tex-math></inline-formula> (λ <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">_LL</i> is the wavelength at the lowest frequency of the lower band), the lower coupling coefficients(<-20dB), the normal in-band radiation characteristics, and good out-of-band suppression characteristics(>20dB at the lower-band ports as well as >23dB at the upper-band ports) are obtained. It represents an excellent scheme for 5G applications.

Sparse Antenna Array With Flat-Top and Sharp Cutoff Radiation Patterns

A sparse antenna array with flat-top and sharp cut-off radiation patterns is presented in this work. The array consists of sixteen antenna elements, which is realized by applying a symmetrical sparse configuration with uniform excitation phase. This configuration simplifies the excitations of the array while maintaining excellent radiation performance. The dual-band dual-polarized base station antenna based on the proposed sparse antenna arrays in the bands of 1.71 GHz ~ 2.17 GHz and 2.30 GHz ~ 2.69 GHz is fabricated and measured. The measured results are in very good agreement with the predicted ones, showing that the port reflection coefficient is less than -15.0 dB, and the isolation is greater than 28.5 dB. In addition, the array has a gain of 10.1 to 12.3 dB, a half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of 45° ± 5° in both the horizontal and vertical planes, a cut-off transition of less than 17.4° from -3 dB to -20 dB between the main beam and the sidelobe area, and a sidelobe level suppressed to below -21.1 dB. Apart from the good radiation performance, the proposed sparse antenna array has a compact size with very few antenna elements, which is very suitable for communication in a crowded scene.

Dual-Band Shared-Aperture Base Station Antenna Array Based on 3-D Chokes

A novel structure for suppressing cross-band scattering interference in dual-band dual-polarized base station antenna arrays has been proposed. To alleviate the radiation pattern distortion of the high-band (HB) element caused by the low-band (LB) element, the LB radiator was loaded with 3-D chokes to suppress its scattering in the HB. In addition, when the LB element is excited, the resonance interference of the HB element to the LB element can be solved by the method of path extension. The array structure is composed of an LB element operating at 0.69–0.96 GHz (| <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | < −14 dB) and two columns of HB elements operating at 1.7–2.7 GHz. The simulation and experimental results of the array show that the loading of the 3-D chokes effectively suppresses the scattering interference in the LB element and restores the radiation patterns of the HB subarray, proving the effectiveness of this novel structure.

Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna Using a Simple Radiation Restoration and Decoupling Structure

This letter presents a simple structure dual-band dual-polarized antenna. The higher-band (HB) antenna is located coaxially under the lower-band (LB) one to save the installation space. The blocking effects of the LB antenna seriously deteriorate the HB antenna's radiation patterns. To solve this problem, we first introduced four stacked patches to restore the radiation performance. Unfortunately, using the stacked patches, the isolation between the LB and HB antennas reduces from about 25 to 20 dB. Then, we introduced four C-shaped metal strips as the decoupling structure and the isolation improves from 20 dB to more than 30 dB within a wideband. These stacked patches and metal strips are printed on top and bottom sides of the LB antenna substrate and therefore no extra substrate layer is needed. For demonstration, a prototype of the dual-band antenna operating at 1710–2690 MHz (LB) and 4200–5000 MHz (HB) is implemented. Normal directional radiation patterns are obtained with stable in-band gains of 7.5 and 9.5 dBi. Better than 33 dB measured isolation between the LB and HB antennas is realized.

Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Base-Station Antenna Design Using Filtering Dipole Elements

In this communication, a dual-band dual-polarized antenna with very small frequency spacing is proposed for base-station applications. The antenna includes one lower band (LB) and one upper band (UP) dual-polarized filtering dipole elements. The LB antenna is embedded in the UP antenna. Guided by the well-known coupling matrix model, each antenna design yields third-order filter responses with two radiation nulls at the same stopband. The filtering performance is realized by using radiating structures to reduce the insertion loss. In addition to introducing the first radiation null with a parasitic element (PE), a filtering parasitic arm (PA) is adopted to further improve the selectivity and bandwidth of the antennas. As a result, the two adjacent working bands can be very closely placed with high out-of-band suppression. To validate the idea, a dual-band dual-polarized antenna is designed and fabricated, operating at 1.7–2.17 and 2.3–2.7 GHz with isolation of more than 20 dB without any filtering in feeding circuits. The measured results agree well with the simulations, verifying that the proposed antenna is suitable for ever-challenging wireless communication applications.