Dual Vector Research Articles

The accelerating universe in a noncommutative analytically continued foliated quantum gravity

Abstract Based on an analytically continued Riemannian foliated quantum gravity super-Hamiltonian, known as branch cut quantum gravity (BCQG) we propose a novel approach to investigating the effects of noncommutative geometry on a minisuperspace of variables, influencing the acceleration behavior of the Universe’s wave function and the cosmic scale factor. Noncommutativity is introduced through a deformation of the conventional Poisson algebra, enhanced with a symplectic metric. The resulting symplectic manifold provides a natural setting that enables an isomorphism between canonically conjugate dual vector spaces, spanning the BCQG cosmic scale factor and its complementary quantum counterpart. Using this formulation, we describe the dynamic evolution of the Universe’s wave function, the cosmic scale factor, and its complementary quantum image. Our results strongly suggest that the noncommutative algebra induces late-time accelerated growth of the wave function, the Universe’s scale factor, and its complementary quantum counterpart, offering a new perspective on explaining the accelerating cosmic expansion rate and the inflationary period. In contrast to the inflationary model, where inflation requires a remarkably fine-tuned set of initial conditions in a patch of the Universe, analytically continued non-commutative foliated quantum gravity captures short and long scales, driving the evolutionary dynamics of the Universe through a reconfiguration of the primordial cosmic content of matter and energy. This reconfiguration is encapsulated into a quantum field potential, which leads to the generation of relic gravitational waves, a topic for future investigation. Graphical representations and contour plots indicate a characteristic torsion (or twist) deformation of spacetime geometry. This result introduces new speculative elements regarding the reconfiguration of matter and energy as a driver of spacetime torsion deformation, generating relic gravitational waves and serving as an alternative topological mechanism for the Universe’s acceleration. However, these assumptions require further investigation.

An improved dual vector control for a doubly fed induction generator based wind turbine during asymmetrical voltage dips

An improved dual vector control for a doubly fed induction generator based wind turbine during asymmetrical voltage dips

Abstract P450: A dual probe ultrasound vector Doppler method for a robust and reliable estimation of blood flow volume and pulse wave velocity on the carotid artery

Background: The arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a strong marker of cardiovascular risk and hypertension. The development of devices enabling a robust and reliable assessment of PWV could play an important role in the early diagnosis and monitoring of those diseases. In this work, we propose an ultrasound technique to estimate blood flow volume (BFV) and PWV by simultaneously using two probes. Methods: Two linear arrays, held by a handle, image two cross-sections of the artery, on two planes intersecting at 40° at the vessel center (A). B-mode and color flow Doppler (CFD) images are reconstructed at high frame rate (HFR): the cross-section HFR CFDs, providing vector-Doppler imaging, avoid any assumptions on flow velocity direction and profile, thus enabling reliable BFV estimates; the HFR B-mode allows tracking the arterial wall, thus enabling robust and time-resolved estimates of the lumen area (B). PWV is estimated as the ratio between the change in flow and cross-sectional area during the early systole (C). The method was preliminary verified by repeating 12 times the BFV and PWV estimation on the carotid artery of 8 healthy volunteers. Results: PWV and BFV measures were in the physiological range of 4.0-6.6 m/s (D) and 4.2-10.8 cm 3 /s, respectively. Measures were repeatable as proved by narrow interquartile ranges and low average standard deviations (1.4 m/s and 1.1 cm 3 /s, for PWV and BFV), which confirm the method's robustness. Conclusions: The proposed technique is suitable for BFV and PWV estimations. Since it is robust to probe repositioning and does not rely on any assumption of flow direction and profile, it could be implemented on wearable cardio-vascular wellness monitoring devices.

Multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on transfer learning and neural networks: Dual operator feature fusion and weight vector adaptation

In multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, one of the focal points is finding a balance between diversity and convergence. In decomposition-based algorithms, the role of weight vectors is crucial. Despite numerous studies dedicated to these aspects, there is a scarcity of utilizing transfer learning algorithms for dual-operator feature fusion and employing neural networks for accurate partitioning of the objective space population. To address the aforementioned issues, this paper proposes the following improvements: (1) Implementing a Balanced Distribution Adaptation (BDA) transfer learning algorithm to achieve dual-operator feature fusion, resulting in a transfer population guiding the adaptive adjustment of weight vectors. (2) Integrating the BDA algorithm with multi-objective algorithms requires labeling the data, a challenge in the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. To tackle this issue, non-dominated sorting is introduced as a bridge connecting the BDA and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. This serves as a method to combine the advantages of decomposition-based and Pareto-dominance principle-based multi-objective algorithms. (3) To overcome the impact of traditional Euclidean distance on population sparsity, a neural network is employed to determine the population's distribution in the objective space accurately. This ensures the precise identification of individuals to be removed from the current population and the areas where additions are needed. In order to fully validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, four different sets of experiments are conducted in the experimental section, where three sets of benchmarking problems are compared to a variety of algorithms that have received much attention in recent years, as well as ablation experiments.

A compound planning algorithm considering both collision detection and obstacle avoidance for intelligent demolition robots

This paper presents a compound planning algorithm considering both collision detection and obstacle avoidance for intelligent demolition robots working safely in high-radiation environments. Firstly, configurations and kinematics of the intelligent demolition robot are detailed to detect the possible obstacles in its workspace. A collision detection function based on the improved dual vector method is proposed to detect the different distances between the robot and obstacles in three cases: a point and a line segment, two line segments, and a line segment and a geometric shape. This function can also be applied to detect collisions with various obstacles of different shapes reasonably and efficiently. Furthermore, an obstacle avoidance function based on modified gradient projection method considering multi-task transformation is proposed. According to the different distances between the robot and the obstacle, it can be used in three situations: end obstacle avoidance task, end effector operation task, and end trajectory tracking task. This function can be applied to avoid obstacles both in the workspace and on the desired path. Finally, a simulation system is established to verify the collision detection and obstacle avoidance algorithms of the intelligent demolition robot. An experiment was conducted on the intelligent demolition robot. This robot can successfully achieve the expected trajectory with the method described in this article. Results of simulation and experiment demonstrate that obstacles both in workspace and on desired path can be detected and avoided properly.

Prime Editing of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Attenuates Angiogenesis In Vitro.

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 is a key switch for angiogenesis, which is observed in various human diseases. In this study, a novel system for advanced prime editing (PE), termed PE6h, is developed, consisting of dual lentiviral vectors: (1) a clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat-associated protein 9 (H840A) nickase fused with reverse transcriptase and an enhanced PE guide RNA and (2) a dominant negative (DN) MutL homolog 1 gene with nicking guide RNA. PE6h was used to edit VEGFR2 (c.18315T>A, 50.8%) to generate a premature stop codon (TAG from AAG), resulting in the production of DN-VEGFR2 (787 aa) in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs). DN-VEGFR2 impeded VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 and tube formation in PE6h-edited HRECs in vitro. Overall, our results highlight the potential of PE6h to inhibit angiogenesis invivo.

Dual magnetic curves and flux ruled surfaces

In this paper, we introduce the dual magnetic trajectories traced by the dual Frenet vectors of any dual curves in dual space via the dual Lorentz force, and then we give the characterizations of dual magnetic curves. Moreover, we define the dual flux ruled surfaces corresponding to the Killing vectors on the dual unit sphere and identify the conditions for these surfaces to be minimal or developable. Additionally, we present certain characterizations related to these surfaces. We demonstrate the visual representations of some dual flux ruled surfaces in some examples.

Dual virtual vector duty cycle model predicts power control of dual three-phase permanent magnet generator

Dual virtual vector duty cycle model predicts power control of dual three-phase permanent magnet generator

Knock out aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell line (PT-5006) by CRISPR/Cas9

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention in biomedical studies due to their remarkable properties, such as self-renewal, differentiation into diverse cell types and immune responses. The proliferation and differentiation of MSCs are significantly influenced by the ligand-dependent transcription factor known as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In order to understand the roles of Ahr in adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs), we disrupted the Ahr gene in this work using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. The gRNA/Cas9 dual vector and donor vector were introduced into the AD-MSC cell line (PT-5006). Green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression and puromycin resistance were used to identify the transfected cells. AhR-KO cells were cloned and confirmed by PCR and sequencing. By using RT-qPCR, the expression levels of AhR and the Ahr-related gene Cyp1B1 were investigated. The results showed that the knocked out of AhR using CRISPR/Cas9, resulting significantly decreased expression of 7.69-fold for AhR and 3.70-fold for Cyp1B1 in the cells. These cell clones and CRISPR/Cas9 vectors could be used as tools to investigate the functions of AhR in both AD-MSCs and other cell types.

Enhanced Recombinant Protein Expression in Insect Cells by Natural and Recombinant Components of Lepidoptera Hemolymph.

Prior research has established the anti-apoptotic effects in insect cell cultures of Bombyx mori (B. mori) hemolymph, as well as the heightened production yields of recombinant proteins facilitated by baculovirus vectors in insect cells cultivated in media supplemented with this hemolymph. In this study, we investigated the hemolymph of another Lepidoptera species, Trichoplusia ni (T. ni), and observed similar beneficial effects in insect cells cultivated in media supplemented with this natural substance. We observed enhancements in both production yield (approximately 1.5 times higher) and late-stage cell viabilities post-infection (30-40% higher). Storage-protein 2 from B. mori (SP2Bm) has previously been identified as one of the abundant hemolymph proteins potentially responsible for the beneficial effects observed after the use of B. mori hemolymph-supplemented cell culture media. By employing a dual baculovirus vector that co-expresses the SP2Bm protein alongside the GFP protein, we achieved a threefold increase in reporter protein production compared to a baculovirus vector expressing GFP alone. This study underscores the potential of hemolymph proteins sourced from various Lepidoptera species as biotechnological tools to augment baculovirus vector productivities, whether utilized as natural supplements in cell culture media or as hemolymph-derived recombinant proteins co-expressed by baculovirus vectors.

A Review on the Applications of Dual Quaternions

This work explores dual quaternions and their applications. First, a theoretical construction begins at dual numbers, extends to dual vectors, and culminates in dual quaternions. The physical foundations behind the developed theory lie in two important fundamentals: Chasles’ Theorem and the Transference Principle. The former addresses how to represent rigid-body motion whereas the latter provides a method for operating on it. This combination presents dual quaternions as a framework for modeling rigid mechanical systems, both kinematically and kinetically, in a compact, elegant and performant way. Next, a review on the applications of dual quaternions is carried out, providing a general overview of all applications. Important subjects are further detailed, these being the kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies and mechanisms (both serial and parallel), control and motion interpolation. Discussions regarding dual quaternions and their applications are undertaken, highlighting open questions and research gaps. The advantages and disadvantages of using dual quaternions are summarized. Lastly, conclusions and future directions of research are presented.

A Power Method for Computing the Dominant Eigenvalue of a Dual Quaternion Hermitian Matrix

In this paper, we first study the projections onto the set of unit dual quaternions, and the set of dual quaternion vectors with unit norms. Then we propose a power method for computing the dominant eigenvalue of a dual quaternion Hermitian matrix. For a strict dominant eigenvalue, we show the sequence generated by the power method converges to the dominant eigenvalue and its corresponding eigenvector linearly. For a general dominant eigenvalue, we establish linear convergence of the standard part of the dominant eigenvalue. Based upon these, we reformulate the simultaneous localization and mapping problem as a rank-one dual quaternion completion problem. A two-block coordinate descent method is proposed to solve this problem. One block has a closed-form solution and the other block is the best rank-one approximation problem of a dual quaternion Hermitian matrix, which can be computed by the power method. Numerical experiments are presented to show the efficiency of our proposed power method.

Biosurfactant-amphiphilized hyaluronic acid: A dual self-assembly anticancer nanoconjugate and drug vector for synergistic chemotherapy

Novel amphiphilic nanoconjugates of hyaluronic acid (HA), 50 kDa (HA50) and 100 kDa (HA100), and the lipopeptide biosurfactant surfactin (SF) were developed for potential anticancer applications. Physicochemical characterization indicated the formation of an ester conjugate (HA: SF molar ratio 1: 40) with the HA50-SF derivative exhibiting higher degree of substitution, hydrolytic stability, and surface activity. Self-assembly resulted in nanomicelles with smaller size and greater negative charge relative to SF micelles. Biological data demonstrated distinct anticancer activity of HA50-SF which displayed greater synergistic cytotoxicity and selectivity for MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells alongside greater modulation of apoptosis-related biomarkers leading to apoptosis. As bioactive vector for chemotherapeutic agents, the selected HA50-SF nanoconjugate efficiently (70 %) entrapped berberine (BER) producing a sustained release BER-HA50-SF synergistic anticancer nanoformulation. Lactoferrin (Lf) coating for dual HA/Lf targeting endowed Lf/BER-HA50-SF with significantly greater selectivity for both cell lines. A murine Ehrlich breast cancer model provided evidence for the efficacy and safety of Lf/BER-HA50-SF via tumoral, histological, immunohistochemical, molecular and systemic toxicity assessments. Thus, HA-SF nanoconjugates integrating the HA and SF properties and biofunctionalties present a novel biopolymer-biosurfactant platform of benefit to oncology nanomedicine and possibly other applications.

Securing cloud-based medical data: an optimal dual kernal support vector approach for enhanced EHR management

Securing cloud-based medical data: an optimal dual kernal support vector approach for enhanced EHR management

A strategy for successful dual-species protein expression of genes with non-optimal codon usage destined for bacterial and yeast cell factories.

Recombinant protein expression on an industrial scale traditionally utilizes one of two microbial workhorses: Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Additionally, random protein engineering of enzymes and proteins aimed for expression in S. cerevisiae are often mutagenized and pre-screened in E. coli before expression in yeast. This introduces artificial bottlenecks as the bacterial expression vector needs to be substituted for a yeast expression vector via sub-cloning, and the new library re-evaluated before a final screening in yeast. Here, we put forward a protein expression and engineering strategy that involves the use of a dual-host shuttle vector (pYB-Dual) designed with both a strong inducible yeast promoter (pGAL1), and a strong inducible bacterial promoter (pT7-RNAP), which allows for inducible protein expression in both species. Additionally, we demonstrate that by transforming the pYB-Dual vector into the E. coli strain Rosetta 2, which has elevated levels of 7 rare tRNAs, we can achieve high-level protein expression in both yeast and bacteria, even when using a mNeonGreen gene codon optimized for yeast. This dual expression vector is expected to remove bottlenecks during protein engineering of commercially important enzymes destined for high-titer expression in yeast.

Synergism of dual AAV gene therapy and rapamycin rescues GSDIII phenotype in muscle and liver.

Glycogen storage disease type III (GSDIII) is a rare metabolic disorder due to glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE) deficiency. Reduced GDE activity leads to pathological glycogen accumulation responsible for impaired hepatic metabolism and muscle weakness. To date, there is no curative treatment for GSDIII. We previously reported that 2 distinct dual AAV vectors encoding for GDE were needed to correct liver and muscle in a GSDIII mouse model. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of rapamycin in combination with AAV gene therapy. Simultaneous treatment with rapamycin and a potentially novel dual AAV vector expressing GDE in the liver and muscle resulted in a synergic effect demonstrated at biochemical and functional levels. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed synergy and suggested a putative mechanism based on the correction of lysosomal impairment. In GSDIII mice livers, dual AAV gene therapy combined with rapamycin reduced the effect of the immune response to AAV observed in this disease model. These data provide proof of concept of an approach exploiting the combination of gene therapy and rapamycin to improve efficacy and safety and to support clinical translation.

Enhancing prime editor flexibility with coiled-coil heterodimers

BackgroundPrime editing enables precise base substitutions, insertions, and deletions at targeted sites without the involvement of double-strand DNA breaks or exogenous donor DNA templates. However, the large size of prime editors (PEs) hampers their delivery in vivo via adeno-associated virus (AAV) due to the viral packaging limit. Previously reported split PE versions provide a size reduction, but they require intricate engineering and potentially compromise editing efficiency.ResultsHerein, we present a simplified split PE named as CC-PE, created through non-covalent recruitment of reverse transcriptase to the Cas9 nickase via coiled-coil heterodimers, which are widely used in protein design due to their modularity and well-understood sequence-structure relationship. We demonstrate that the CC-PE maintains or even surpasses the efficiency of unsplit PE in installing intended edits, with no increase in the levels of undesired byproducts within tested loci amongst a variety of cell types (HEK293T, A549, HCT116, and U2OS). Furthermore, coiled-coil heterodimers are used to engineer SpCas9-NG-PE and SpRY-PE, two Cas9 variants with more flexible editing scope. Similarly, the resulting NG-CC-PE and SpRY-CC-PE also achieve equivalent or enhanced efficiency of precise editing compared to the intact PE. When the dual AAV vectors carrying CC-PE are delivered into mice to target the Pcsk9 gene in the liver, CC-PE enables highly efficient precise editing, resulting in a significant reduction of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol.ConclusionsOur innovative, modular system enhances flexibility, thus potentially facilitating the in vivo applicability of prime editing.

Chimeric Porcine Parvovirus VP2 Virus-like Particles with Epitopes of South African Serotype 2 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Elicits Specific Humoral and Cellular Responses in Mice.

Southern Africa Territories 2 (SAT2) foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has crossed long-standing regional boundaries in recent years and entered the Middle East. However, the existing vaccines offer poor cross-protection against the circulating strains in the field. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an alternative design approach for vaccines in anticipation of a pandemic of SAT2 Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The porcine parvovirus (PPV) VP2 protein can embed exogenous epitopes into the four loops on its surface, assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), and induce antibodies and cytokines to PPV and the exogenous epitope. In this study, chimeric porcine parvovirus VP2 VLPs (chimeric PPV-SAT2-VLPs) expressing the T-and/or B-cell epitopes of the structural protein VP1 of FMDV SAT2 were produced using the recombinant pFastBac™ Dual vector of baculoviruses in Sf9 and HF cells We used the Bac-to-Bac system to construct the recombinant baculoviruses. The VP2-VLP--SAT2 chimeras displayed chimeric T-cell epitope (amino acids 21-40 of VP1) and/or the B-cell epitope (amino acids 135-174) of SAT FMDV VP1 by substitution of the corresponding regions at the N terminus (amino acids 2-23) and/or loop 2 and/or loop 4 of the PPV VP2 protein, respectively. In mice, the chimeric PPV-SAT2-VLPs induced specific antibodies against PPV and the VP1 protein of SAT2 FMDV. The VP2-VLP-SAT2 chimeras induced specific antibodies to PPV and the VP1 protein specific epitopes of FMDV SAT2. In this study, as a proof-of-concept, successfully generated chimeric PPV-VP2 VLPs expressing epitopes of the structural protein VP1 of FMDV SAT2 that has a potential to prevent FMDV SAT2 and PPV infection in pigs.

Experimental realization of a transmissive microwave metasurface for dual vector vortex beams generation

This work presents a theoretical design and experimental demonstration of a transmissive microwave metasurface for generating dual-vector vortex beams (VVBs). The proposed metasurface consists of an array of pixelated dartboard discretization meta-atoms. By rotating the meta-atoms from 0° to 180°, a Pancharatnam-Barry (P-B) phase covering the full 360° range is achieved, with a transmittance exceeding 90% over the frequency range from 9.7 to 10.2 GHz. The measured results demonstrate that when a linearly polarized microwave normally impinges on the metasurface, the transmitted beams correspond to the dual VVBs with different directions. A good agreement among Poincaré sphere theory, full-wave simulation, and experimental measurement is observed. This proposed transmissive microwave metasurface for VVBs may offer promising applications in communications and radar detection.

Dual high-order QAM-modulated mm-wave signal transmission in the Q-band enabled by simple IM/DD architecture and bandpass delta-sigma modulation.

The intensity-modulation (IM)/direct-detection (DD) systems have been proven effective and low-cost due to their simple system architecture. However, the Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) of the IM/DD systems only reserves its driving signal intensity. Therefore, the IM/DD systems are generally unable to transmit vector signals and have a restricted spectrum efficiency and channel capacity. Similarly, the radio-over-fiber (RoF) transmission systems based on IM/DD are limited by their simple architecture and generally cannot transmit high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals, which hinders the improvement of their spectrum efficiency. To address the challenges, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, scheme to simultaneously transmit the dual independent high-order QAM-modulated millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signals in the RoF system with a simple IM/DD architecture, enabled by precoding-based optical carrier suppression (OCS) modulation and bandpass delta-sigma modulation (BP-DSM). The dual independent signals can carry different information, which increases channel capacity and improves spectrum efficiency and system flexibility. Based on our proposed scheme, we experimentally demonstrate the dual 512-QAM mm-wave signal transmission in the Q-band (33-50 GHz) under three different scenarios: 1) dual single-carrier (SC) signal transmission, 2) dual orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) signal transmission, and 3) hybrid SC and OFDM signal transmission. We achieve high-fidelity transmission of dual 512-QAM vector signals over a 5 km single-mode fiber (SMF) and a 1-m single-input single-output (SISO) wireless link operating in the Q-band, with the bit error rates (BERs) of all three scenarios below the hard decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10-3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time dual high-order QAM-modulated mm-wave signal transmission has been achieved in a RoF system with a simple IM/DD architecture.