Dual Set Research Articles

Dual setting brushite-gelatin cement with increased ductility and sustained drug release.

A novel dual setting brushite-gelatin cement was achieved by genip ininitiated cross-linking of gelatin during cement setting. Although the combination of an inorganic and organic phase resulted in a decrease of the compressive strength from about 10MPa without polymeric phase to 3-6-MPa for gelatin modified composites, an increase in elastic properties due to the gelatin hydrogel with a concentration of 10.0w/v% was achieved. For a powder-to-liquid ratio of 2.5g*mL-1, a shift of initial maximum stress value during compression testing was observed up to 5% deformation and tested samples showed a pseudo-ductile fracture behavior. The obtained composites of the different formulations were characterized regarding phase composition, porosity as well as drug loading capacity with rifampicin and vancomycin. For the latter, a sustained and prolonged release was realized with a drug release profile according to the Higuchi model and a release exponent of n = 0.5 for the formulation with a PLR of 2.5g*mL-1 and an incorporation of 10.0w/v% gelatin.

Coordination of dual setting overcurrent relays in microgrid with optimally determined relay characteristics for dual operating modes

Fault current magnitude in a microgrid depends upon its mode of operation, namely, grid-connected mode or islanded mode. Depending on the type of fault in a given mode, separate protection schemes are generally employed. With the change in microgrid operating mode, the protection scheme needs to be modified which is uneconomical and time inefficient. In this paper, a novel optimal protection coordination scheme is proposed, one which enables a common optimal relay setting which is valid in both operating modes of the microgrid. In this context, a common optimal protection scheme is introduced for dual setting directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) using a combination of various standard relay characteristics. Along with the two variables, i.e., time multiplier setting (TMS) and plug setting (PS) for conventional directional overcurrent relay, dual setting DOCRs are augmented with a third variable of relay characteristics identifier (RCI), which is responsible for selecting optimal relay characteristics from the standard relay characteristics according to the IEC-60255 standard. The relay coordination problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, and the settings of relays are optimally determined using the genetic algorithm (GA) and the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. To validate the superiority of the proposed protection scheme, the distribution parts of the IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 bus benchmark systems are considered.

Circular economy and circularity supplier selection: a fuzzy group decision approach

The circular economy (CE) seeks to maintain products and materials at their highest utility and value. The organisational and governmental policy have seised onto the CE philosophy to advance socio-economic and environmental development. CE remains an essentially contested concept – making its utilisation as a foundation for managerial and policy decisions challenging. Circularity assessment has not been systematically adopted, especially within supply chain management. Using critical scholarly and practical evidential foundation, we proposed a comprehensive set of metrics that can be utilised in supplier selection, monitoring, and development for circularity. These metrics include the macro, meso, and micro levels. A group decision-making method integrating best-worst method (BWM), regret theory (RT), and dual hesitant fuzzy sets (DHFS) for circular economy and circularity (CEC) supplier evaluation and selection is introduced – providing instrumental value for the identified metrics typology. The proposed BWM-DHFE-RT integrative analytical method can accommodate decisionmaker psychological behaviour under uncertainty while simultaneously capturing divergent or conflicting opinions of different decision-makers. An illustrative business scenario is utilised to demonstrate the application of the proposed method. Though the proposed CE performance metrics and methodology are used for CEC supplier management reasons they have broader applicability. Future research and application directions are discussed.

Development and validation of a simple and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of related substances in regorafenib tablets.

Regorafenib as an oral multi-kinase inhibitor has displayed a promising future in the anticancer drug market. However, there are no articles reporting the method for the determination of related substances in regorafenib tablets. A quality standard was first included in the Ph. Eur. 10.4 until April 2021 but could not detect seven known impurities A, C, D, E, FP-A, FP-B, and FP-C simultaneously. In this paper, a simple and sensitive HPLC method was established for the determination of related substances in regorafenib tablets. The determination was performed on a Polar-RP column with dual wavelength detection set at 230nm and 260nm. This method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. Furthermore, the possible sources of impurities were analyzed and forced degradation tests were performed, which provided guidance for formulation development and storage conditions. The established method is simple, sensitive and accurate for the determination of related substances in regorafenib tablets. A specified and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of related substances in regorafenib tablets.

Gröbner geometry of Schubert polynomials through ice

The geometric naturality of Schubert polynomials and their combinatorial pipe dream representations was established by Knutson and Miller (2005) via antidiagonal Gröbner degeneration of matrix Schubert varieties. We consider instead diagonal Gröbner degenerations. In this dual setting, Knutson, Miller, and Yong (2009) obtained alternative combinatonarics for the class of “vexillary” matrix Schubert varieties. We initiate a study of general diagonal degenerations, relating them to a neglected formula of Lascoux (2002) in terms of the 6-vertex ice model (recently rediscovered by Lam, Lee, and Shimozono (2021) in the guise of “bumpless pipe dreams”).

Applying Discrete Event Simulation to Reduce Patient Wait Times and Crowding: The Case of a Specialist Outpatient Clinic with Dual Practice System.

Long wait times and crowding are major issues affecting outpatient service delivery, but it is unclear how these affect patients in dual practice settings. This study aims to evaluate the effects of changing consultation start time and patient arrival on wait times and crowding in an outpatient clinic with a dual practice system. A discrete event simulation (DES) model was developed based on real-world data from an Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) clinic in a public hospital. Data on patient flow, resource availability, and time taken for registration and clinic processes for public and private patients were sourced from stakeholder discussion and time-motion study (TMS), while arrival times were sourced from the hospital’s information system database. Probability distributions were used to fit these input data in the model. Scenario analyses involved configurations on consultation start time/staggered patient arrival. The median registration and clinic turnaround times (TT) were significantly different between public and private patients (p < 0.01). Public patients have longer wait times than private patients in this study’s dual practice setting. Scenario analyses showed that early consultation start time that matches patient arrival time and staggered arrival could reduce the overall TT for public and private patients by 40% and 21%, respectively. Similarly, the number of patients waiting at the clinic per hour could be reduced by 10–21% during clinic peak hours. Matching consultation start time with staggered patient arrival can potentially reduce wait times and crowding, especially for public patients, without incurring additional resource needs and help narrow the wait time gap between public and private patients. Healthcare managers and policymakers can consider simulation approaches for the monitoring and improvement of healthcare operational efficiency to meet rising healthcare demand and costs.

Representation of a Crisp Set as a Pair of Dual Fuzzy Sets

Expert knowledge representations often fail to determine compatibility levels on all objects, and these levels are represented for a certain sampling of universe. The samplings for the fuzzy terms of the linguistic variable, whose compatibility functions are aggregated according to a certain problem, may also be different. In such a case, neither L.A. Zadeh’s analysis of fuzzy sets and even the dual forms of developing today R.R. Yager’s q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets cannot provide the necessary aggregations. This fact, as a given, can be considered as a source of new types of information, in order to obtain different levels of compatibility according to Zadeh, presented throughout the universe. This source of information can be represented as a pair ⟨A, fA⟩, where there is some crisp subset of the universe A that determines the sampling of objects from the universe, and a function fA determines the compatibility levels of the elements of that sampling. It is a notion of split fuzzy set, constructed in this article, that allows for the semantic representation and aggregation of such information. This notion is again and again based on the notion of Zadeh fuzzy set. In particular, the operation of splitting a crisp subset into dual fuzzy sets is introduced. Definitions of set operations on split dual fuzzy-sets are presented in the paper. The proofs are also presented that follow naturally from definitions and previous results. An example of MADM is presented for illustration of the application of splitting operation.

Random matrix theory for complexity growth and black hole interiors

We study a precise and computationally tractable notion of operator complexity in holographic quantum theories, including the ensemble dual of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity and two-dimensional holographic conformal field theories. This is a refined, “microcanonical” version of K-complexity that applies to theories with infinite or continuous spectra (including quantum field theories), and in the holographic theories we study exhibits exponential growth for a scrambling time, followed by linear growth until saturation at a time exponential in the entropy — a behavior that is characteristic of chaos. We show that the linear growth regime implies a universal random matrix description of the operator dynamics after scrambling. Our main tool for establishing this connection is a “complexity renormalization group” framework we develop that allows us to study the effective operator dynamics for different timescales by “integrating out” large K-complexities. In the dual gravity setting, we comment on the empirical match between our version of K-complexity and the maximal volume proposal, and speculate on a connection between the universal random matrix theory dynamics of operator growth after scrambling and the spatial translation symmetry of smooth black hole interiors.

Dual feature set enabled with optimised deep belief network for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy

Dual feature set enabled with optimised deep belief network for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy

Multi Label Feature Selection Through Dual Hesitant q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Dombi Aggregation Operators

In this article, the feature selection (FS) process is taken as a multi criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. Also, to consider the impreciseness arising in the real time data, the values of the decision matrix procured after the ridge regression is fuzzified into dual hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy set. For the information fusion process, we have proposed various aggregation operators such as the Dual Hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy weighted Dombi arithmetic aggregation operator, Dual Hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy weighted Dombi geometric aggregation operator, Dual Hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy ordered weighted Dombi arithmetic aggregation operator and Dual Hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy ordered weighted Dombi geometric aggregation operator. A multi-label feature selection method is proposed using these MCDM techniques formed by the aggregation operators. This algorithm, initially, obtains the values of the decision matrix through the process of ridge regression. The weight vector required for the MCDM process is calculated using entropy. Further, the data are fuzzified and the MCDM process proposed using the aforementioned aggregation operators are utilized. A rank vector is obtained by utilizing the score function to select the desired number of features. It should be noted that through changing the aggregation operator, the algorithm can be altered. Experimental evaluation that compares the proposed method to other existing methods in terms of evaluation metrics demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method and their significance is also evaluated.

Hindi/Bengali Sentiment Analysis using Transfer Learning and Joint Dual Input Learning with Self Attention

Sentiment Analysis typically refers to using natural language processing, text analysis, and computational linguistics to extract effect and emotion-based information from text data. Our work explores how we can effectively use deep neural networks in transfer learning and joint dual input learning settings to effectively classify sentiments and detect hate speech in Hindi and Bengali data. We start by training Word2Vec word embeddings for Hindi HASOC dataset and Bengali hate speech [24] and then train LSTM and subsequently, employ parameter sharing based transfer learning to Bengali sentiment classifiers by reusing and fine-tuning the trained weights of Hindi classifiers with both classifiers being used as the baseline in our study. Finally, we use BiLSTM with self-attention in a joint dual input learning setting where we train a single neural network on the Hindi and Bengali datasets simultaneously using their respective embeddings.

Dual feature set enabled with optimised deep belief network for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy

Dual feature set enabled with optimised deep belief network for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy

New distances for dual hesitant fuzzy sets and their application in clustering algorithm

Compared to hesitant fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, dual hesitant fuzzy sets can model problems in the real world more comprehensively. Dual hesitant fuzzy sets explicitly show a set of membership degrees and a set of non-membership degrees, which also imply a set of important data: hesitant degrees.The traditional definition of distance between dual hesitant fuzzy sets only considers membership degree and non-membership degree, but hesitant degree should also be taken into account. To this end, using these three important data sets (membership degree, non-membership degree and hesitant degree), we first propose a variety of new distance measurements (the generalized normalized distance, generalized normalized Hausdorff distance and generalized normalized hybrid distance) for dual hesitant fuzzy sets in this paper, based on which the corresponding similarity measurements can be obtained. In these distance definitions, membership degree, non-membership-degree and hesitant degree are of equal importance. Second, we propose a clustering algorithm by using these distances in dual hesitant fuzzy information system. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the clustering algorithm. Accordingly, the results of clustering in dual hesitant fuzzy information system are compared using the distance measurements mentioned in the paper, which verifies the utility and advantage of our proposed distances. Our work provides a new way to improve the performance of clustering algorithms in dual hesitant fuzzy information systems.

‘K is for Keeper’: the roles and representations of the English gamekeeper, c. 1880–1914

AbstractThe gamekeeper was an important but controversial presence in the late Victorian and Edwardian countryside. Admired by some for his skills in woodcraft and deep understanding of nature, for others the keeper was much less benign: a destroyer of wildlife; a barrier against wider public access to the land; and the upholder of fiercely contested laws. At a time when debates about the land and its present and future use formed a major part of contemporary political discourse, and when an urbanising society was investing ever more meaning in its idea of the rural, consideration of the keeper takes us beyond the study of field sports towards broader histories of the English countryside and its attendant ruralist culture. Situating the keeper in a dual setting of material production and recreational service provision, the following examines both what he did and was expected to do, and the ways in which this was represented. Not only were keepers active agents in their own representation, eager to project themselves as skilled professionals, they might also elicit support from unusual quarters. As will be seen, keeper representation was as varied as his many roles.

Influence of Natural Polysaccharides on Properties of the Biomicroconcrete-Type Bioceramics.

In this paper, novel hybrid biomicroconcrete-type composites were developed and investigated. The solid phase of materials consisted of a highly reactive α -tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) powder, hybrid hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HAp-CTS) material in the form of powder and granules (as aggregates), and the polysaccharides sodium alginate (SA) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). The liquid/gel phase in the studied materials constituted a citrus pectin gel. The influence of SA or HPMC on the setting reaction, microstructure, mechanical as well as biological properties of biomicroconcretes was investigated. Studies revealed that manufactured cement pastes were characterized by high plasticity and cohesion. The dual setting system of developed biomicroconcretes, achieved through α-TCP setting reaction and polymer crosslinking, resulted in a higher compressive strength. Material with the highest content of sodium alginate possessed the highest mechanical strength (~17 MPa), whereas the addition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose led to a subtle compressive strength decrease. The obtained biomicroconcretes were chemically stable and characterized by a high bioactive potential. The novel biomaterials with favorable physicochemical and biological properties can be prosperous materials for filling bone tissue defects of any shape and size.

Torque Performance Enhancement of Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines With Dual Sets of Magnet Arrangements

Torque performance, especially torque density, is a critical performance index for the flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine that is attractive for the propulsion system. In this article, a novel FSPM machine with dual sets of magnet arrangements is proposed. With the novel topology, the torque density of the proposed machine is significantly improved due to much increased working harmonic contents of magnetomotive force (MMF). Moreover, the cogging torque is also inherently reduced, which makes the proposed machine a promising candidate in the FSPM machine family. The operating principle of the proposed FSPM machine is revealed based on the MMF–permeance model and the numerical finite element analysis (FEA). The effect of geometric parameters, such as magnet thickness, auxiliary tooth width, and rotor tooth width on the average torque and cogging torque, is also investigated. Finally, a prototype has been manufactured to validate the analysis conclusion. With experimental test results, it is demonstrated that the proposed topology can achieve 30.8% higher torque density, 79.4% lower cogging torque, and 15.6% higher power factor than the conventional counterpart.

Sustaining nucleate boiling in zero gravity using asymmetric sinusoidal base-plate oscillation

This work presents Direct Numerical Simulations to study the effect of base plate oscillations on nucleate boiling heat transfer at low superheat, in the isolated bubble regime, under zero gravity conditions. An in-house solver, based on sharp interface dual grid level set method (SI-DGLSM), is used to carry out the numerical simulations. To enable nucleate boiling in zero gravity, an asymmetric periodic motion of the base plate is proposed, in which the average acceleration of the plate is different along the two plate-normal directions. This time-asymmetry in plate motion imparts net motion of bubbles away from the plate, which in turn sustains nucleate boiling. The departure of the bubble is presented first for cases with no phase change, where the effect of varying plate oscillation parameters on the departure of single bubble over the plate is studied for zero gravity conditions. Thereafter, the effect of the plate motion on nucleate boiling characteristics is presented, and the regime in which nucleate boiling is sustained is identified. We report the effect of plate motion on time series of bubble departure radius, Nusselt number and overall flow dynamics during nucleate boiling in zero gravity. The proposed technique for the sustenance of nucleate boiling in zero gravity conditions has numerous space-related applications for heat transfer enhancement.

Abstract 11516: Quantification of Regurgitation Through Dual Orifices: Pulsatile in Vitro Analysis with Echocardiography and MRI Assessment

Introduction: Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA) measurement is widely accepted to quantify mitral regurgitant volume (RVol), but flow convergence (FC) zones are complicated with dual orifices, seen with mitral clipping. This study seeks to investigate how flow through one orifice affects PISA measurement across the other to better quantify RVol in dual orifice conditions. Methods: 3D-printed dual circular orifice models with varying relative areas were integrated into a pulsatile flow phantom simulating left heart flow. One orifice (A) was standardized at 19.6 mm 2 while the other (B) was 1X, 2X, and 3X the area of A in three models. Inter-orifice distance was 5 mm to emulate mitral clipping. Continuous wave doppler echocardiography measured peak velocity and velocity time integral. PISA was performed at four aliasing velocities normalized to peak velocity (V a /V peak ) (10%, 8%, 4%, 2%) to compute RVol with 2D phase contrast MRI as reference. In each model, PISA RVol and percent error was calculated to see how varying the area of B impacts PISA accuracy of A. 4D flow MRI FC data was also collected to visualize the 3D formation of FC zones. Results: Using a high V a /V peak to create distinct FC zones provides a better RVol estimation with PISA, as low V a /V peak will merge the FC zones, overestimating flow across individual orifices. Single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) of percent error of A across the three models showed no significant difference at high V a /V peak (8%: p=0.80, 10%: p=0.23), but significant difference at low V a /V peak (2%: p=0.010, 4%: p=0.005). High V a /V peak FC zones of orifices are independent from each other; PISA can be measured with standard practices and added together for an accurate total RVol. At low V a /V peak , FC orifice zones overlap with overestimation error increasing with larger B area. This finding suggests that resolving two separate FC zones to minimize flow interference is important for accurate RVol estimate in a dual orifice setting.

Observation of a Change in Human Attitude in a Decision Making Process Equipped with an Interference of a Third Party

In this paper, the attitudes of experts are observed for the possible changes after taking a certain decision. The decision is taken by two persons with different fields of expertise. There is also an annotation of such changes due to the interference of a third person, which is main idea of this paper. These observations are done by developing fuzzy soft differential equations with the help of optimum fuzzy soft constants (OFSCs), which are obtained through the ranking coefficients. The ranking of alternatives is based on the coefficients, which are obtained through a decision-making process. Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is exploited to rank the alternatives, and the attitudes of resource persons are examined through phase portraits and line graphs of the respective system of differential equations. The utilization of TOPSIS is a practice of multi-criteria decision-making in the analysis of human behaviours. Dual hesitant fuzzy soft sets are taken to represent the initial data.

A quasi-monolithic phase-field description for orthotropic anisotropic fracture with adaptive mesh refinement and primal–dual active set method

In this work, thermodynamically consistent phase-field fracture frameworks for transversely isotropic and orthotropic settings are proposed. We formulate an anisotropic crack phase-field via a penalization approach for each family of fibers. The resulting model is augmented with thermodynamical arguments and then carefully analyzed from a mechanical perspective. The fracture dissipation inequality to prevent crack healing is imposed via a primal–dual active set strategy. Predictor–corrector mesh adaptivity allows to work with small length-scale parameters at a reasonable computational cost. Due to the importance of laminated structures for industrial applications, fracture responses for transversely isotropic and orthotropic materials are performed. Therein, several studies are conducted that include comparisons of anisotropic formulations with Griffith’s critical elastic energy release rate and with specific critical fracture energy formulations, as well as non-split and split approaches.