Dual Project Research Articles

Black Feminist (Re)Constructions of Education in the Afterlife of Abolition: An Invitation

ABSTRACT Scholars have utilized the allegory of Reconstruction to trace threads between the historical and contemporary struggles for freedom. In this article, I highlight the ways that abolition has always been a dual project and remains as such in our present time. It calls for the complete destruction of oppressive structures while simultaneously demanding that we consider our world once those structures are ameliorated. Using (Re)construction as a framework, I examine how historical Black women teachers built and created alternatives and struggled for an abolition democracy in the afterlife of abolition. (Re)construction also invites us to explore these alternatives in our current time, with the aim of constructing a New World full of radical (im)possibilities.

“A vast field in itself”: Acclimatisation, Phrenology and Salvage Ethnography in the Goldfields Mechanics’ Institutes

This article investigates the dual project of colonial improvement and settlement shaping the identity and purpose of Victorian goldfields mechanics’ institutes in their pursuit of colonial knowledge and their participation in networks of imperial science. Focussing on three institutes established during the first decade of the Australian gold rush—the Sandhurst Mechanics’ Institute (SMI, est. 1854), the Beechworth Athenaeum (est. 1856) and the Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute (BMI, est. 1859)—this article examines the institutes’ support of acclimatisation societies and their interest in developing local natural histories; their fascination with and encouragement of debates surrounding phrenology; and their practices of collecting ethnographic material that shaped their involvement with the evolving theories of racial science in the Australian colonies. In studying these social and scientific activities, this article demonstrates how the institutes promoted and embodied a local settler identity and ideology that worked to alleviate the moral and social anxieties accompanying the gold rush. In doing so, this article also reveals the imperial reach of regional literary institutions and elucidates the scholarly benefits of treating these institutes as significant participatory nodes in imperial networks as we shift our focus from traditional metropole-colony exchanges.

Regendering defence through a national-conservative platform? The case of Polish paramilitary organizing

ABSTRACT Following the war in Ukraine and other security challenges of non-military nature, Poland has recorded novel processes of re-militarization, with the resurgence of volunteer paramilitary organizing constituting one potent example. In the otherwise gender blind public discourse on defence developments, the latter were incidentally narrated as intrinsically entangled with patriarchal gender relations and illiberal ‘anti-gender’ politics, reflecting dominant feminist frameworks on militarization as a process entrenching gender inequality. Drawing from extensive fieldwork with paramilitary organizations, this paper explores the gender-paramilitary nexus in Poland through engaged, CMS-driven methods and frameworks. It argues that despite the paramilitary movement’s national-conservative platform, significant processes of regendering of the practice and idea of defence are nevertheless occurring on the ground. The paper traces them on three interconnected planes: women’s growing and largely uncontested presence in the movement; the revaluing of civilian-feminine lines of activity within the sector’s dual project of civil society in defence; and the largely egalitarian organizational culture, which engages both men and women in its dual, civic-martial practices, thus further destabilizing the link between defence and military masculinity. In this context, the paper suggests that the male-dominated character of paramilitary organizing is fuelled predominantly by socio-structural factors related to the feminization of social reproduction in Poland that the movement sees as unproblematic and external to its agenda. Lending analytical support to gender and CMS literature, the paper argues that uncovering gendered complexity and change in unlikely sites can aid more productive forms of feminist critique.

COOPERATION TOWARDS SUPPORTING DUAL EDUCATION SYSTEMS (VOCATIONAL EDUCATION)

This article reports the results of research performed during the “DUAL. Transnational cooperation towards supporting dual education in vocational education and training institutions” (DUAL) project implemented by a consortium of labour market institutions located in Poland and Belgium. The aim of the research was to determine the status the attractiveness and quality of the current vocational education offered at the regional level, preparation of students for the transition from the education system to the local labour market, implementation of dual education by schools, and the required module in vocational counselling in schools in the Subcarpathian voivodeship, including in the context of counteracting NEET (i.e., not in employment, education or training) phenomenon. The research, carried out as part of the DUAL project, permitted identification of trouble spots within Subcarpathia in the context of vocational education, and the conclusions from the research will be used to support educational institutions as well as to construct recommendations for labour market institutions.

Theoretical Promises and Methodological Troubles Capturing Dialogical Discourse in Classroom Research

A review of Skidmore, D & K. Murakami (Eds). (2016). Dialogic pedagogy: The importance of dialogue in teaching and learning. Bristol, United Kingdom: Multilingual MattersSkidmore and Murakami’s collection of essays takes on a dual theoretical and empirical project: first, to define and advocate for dialogical classroom pedagogy; and second, to unearth such practice through microstudies of classroom dialogue. This project divides itself neatly in half: the first six chapters trace the theory of dialogic pedagogy, including the history of discourse, coding, and practices, while the remaining seven are devoted to empirical studies marked by a careful microanalysis of dialogue.The work distinguishes itself from scholarship on the dialogical the past 20 years, during which works have either been single-authored, deeply-researched, and theoretical (Matusov, 2009a; Wegerif, 2013) or vast collections of essays organized conceptually (Ball & Freedman, 2004; White & Peters, 2011; Ligorio & Cesar, 2013). While special journal editions have brought new focus to unexplored threads of the dialogical, such as the exploration of silence in the classroom or the history of the School of the Dialogue of Cultures (Matusov 2009b), this collection affords considerable latitude to its theoretical and historical frame. A comparable work of conceptual breadth is that of White (2016), whose publication frames classroom research of lower school learners with concepts from Bakhtin. Like White’s work, Skidmore and Murakami paint at once in broad strokes and miniature: on the one hand, the collection situates dialogical pedagogy into its historical context, interweaving the work of early Russian theorists; at the same time, it offers granular studies of classroom dialogue. Since Skidmore authors or co-authors seven of the 13 chapters, the collection somewhat serves as a project of singular intent, one that raises a persistent question as to whether the methodologies in the studies presented in the second half of the work, focused on Conversational Analysis (CA) and the Discourse Analysis (DA), cohere to the ambitions of dialogical pedagogy offered in the first. In the end, the promise that CA affords greater magnification of classroom moments does not overcome what may be a limitation of the methodology to unearth dialogic pedagogy.

Plan 2014: The historical evolution of Lake Ontario–St. Lawrence River regulation

In the 1950s Ontario and New York built hydroelectric structures in the St. Lawrence River, while the federal governments of Canada and the United States constructed the St. Lawrence Seaway to work in conjunction with these power works. The engineering works that enabled this megaproject, approved by the International Joint Commission (IJC), were also designed to regulate water levels and flows on the upper St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario, and a method of regulation was established to set outflows, named Plan 1958-D. This paper covers the initial establishment of this regulation plan, identifying its weaknesses. Though the new water regime provided benefits for certain interests (primarily power, navigation and property owners), it could not always adequately cope with high and low water supplies into the system outside those originally anticipated. Moreover, as is shown, the creation of the St. Lawrence dual project and the connected method of regulation had a range of negative ecological impacts and harmed other interests – including the Mohawk groups in the territory that straddles the project area. By the late twentieth century, serious consideration was being given to replacing Plan 1958-D. This paper explores the technical study, negotiations and political intrigue that involved hundreds if not thousands of professionals, public servants, riparians and commercial interests in both countries that eventually led to a new method of regulation. On 6 December 2016 the governments of Canada and the United States formally gave concurrence to a revised Order of Approval from the IJC that replaced Plan 1958-D with Plan 2014. The rationale for these changes is explored, as well as the challenges faced by the IJC and its technical advisory groups, and the lessons that can be learned are identified.

Devolution, coordination, and community-based natural resource management in Ghana’s community resource management areas

Two key trends in efforts to deliver linked social and ecological protected area outcomes are (1) the development of governance models that devolve decision-making authority and responsibility to the local level and (2) linking protected area ‘islands’ to larger governance landscapes. This paper centers on Ghana’s Community Resource Management Area (CREMA) protected area model, and assesses how CREMAs are evaluated at the local level, which actors are perceived to be important in CREMA management, and how linkages to non-local governance structures may influence CREMA outcomes. Using a mixed method approach, results show that CREMAs are generally seen as a mechanism by which local people can more transparently and freely participate in decision-making processes related to resource management. Respondents also felt that Chiefs and associated customary tenure institutions should play a central role in CREMA governance. On the other hand, links to non-local state actors were described as ineffective because of inadequate fiscal decentralization, weak/absent lower level governance structures and inattention to conservation and development as a distinct dual project. Respondents also noted that while CREMA governance structures provide a way to build linkages to non-local actors, there are missed opportunities to embed CREMA considerations in other non-local decision-making processes.

The Caring State? On Rural Welfare Governance in Post-reform Vietnam and China

ABSTRACTWe make three arguments in this review of the literature on rural welfare governance in Vietnam and China. First, welfare restructuring in these countries has gone through two overlapping processes of contraction and expansion, underlined by changing politics of needs and shifting modes of governance since their shift from state to market socialism. Such politics are the outcome of the Communist party-state’s dual project of legitimation and control, as widespread social conflicts challenge its legitimacy. Secondly, the dislocations and inequalities induced by marketization have been coupled with greater involvement of a broad range of social actors in welfare provision. Thirdly, the rise of social protection is shaped by state control, wealth disparities between regions and social classes, and a care politics deeming certain groups as failing to meet the human capital requirements of the new economy. While providing some buffer against destitution, existing forms of social protection do little to alleviate the social exclusion and inequality resulting from post-reform dispossession.

The Prison and Power in Colonial Korea

This article explores the dynamics of the colonial prisons constructed by the Japanese and the power they wielded and projected as a dual project of modernisation and colonisation in Korea. Japanese colonialism and its disciplinary power made colonial prisoners docile subjects by utilising the mechanisms of close surveillance, scientific correction and ideological conversion while excluding and oppressing political offenders as “imperial others” through the exercise of cruel corporal punishment. The article offers an in-depth analysis of colonial modernity in Korea by examining how colonial power operated throughout the birth and evolution of the modern prison, and the mechanisms through which it governed Korean subjects in its prison system.

HErZ: The German Hans-Ertel Centre for Weather Research

AbstractIn 2011, the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development laid the foundation of the Hans-Ertel Centre for Weather Research [Hans-Ertel-Zentrum für Wetterforschung (HErZ)] in order to better connect fundamental meteorological research and teaching at German universities and atmospheric research centers with the needs of the German national weather service Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). The concept for HErZ was developed by DWD and its scientific advisory board with input from the entire German meteorological community. It foresees core research funding of about €2,000,000 yr−1 over a 12-yr period, during which time permanent research groups must be established and DWD subjects strengthened in the university curriculum. Five priority research areas were identified: atmospheric dynamics and predictability, data assimilation, model development, climate monitoring and diagnostics, and the optimal use of information from weather forecasting and climate monitoring for the benefit of society. Following an open call, five groups were selected for funding for the first 4-yr phase by an international review panel. A dual project leadership with one leader employed by the academic institute and the other by DWD ensures that research and teaching in HErZ is attuned to DWD needs and priorities, fosters a close collaboration with DWD, and facilitates the transfer of fundamental research into operations. In this article, we describe the rationale behind HErZ and the road to its establishment, present some scientific highlights from the initial five research groups, and discuss the merits and future development of this new concept to better link academic research with the needs and challenges of a national weather service.

“Like Cock Pheasants in the Mating Season”: Englishmen in Scope Magazine, 26 August 1966

Since its invention, the camera has been complicit in gendering the western interest in “appearance”. This article examines the coupling of “looking” and masculinity by filling in certain gaps in South Africa’s media history. Scope began in the mid-sixties as a popular newsy or general interest magazine, before evolving into a Playboy-esque men’s magazine in the seventies. I analyze one issue of Scope from 1966, its first year of existence, as a synchronic snapshot of the popular articulation of masculine identity politics at this particular moment of South African history. I argue that at its inception, it was already focused on a male market and on the dual project of visualizing white masculinity and “whitening” the gaze of its readers. As such, it makes sense to examine race as integral to the practices of looking encouraged by Scope but even in a period of high-apartheid, I intend to show that there is no authentic (white) vernacular culture that is untouched by the culture of others, and in this instance, the culture of the Empire.

WOMEN AND FAMILY EDUCATION REFORM IN WARTIME CHINA, 1937–45

During China’s war with Japan, the Chinese state and its affiliates turned their attention to a dual project of resistance and national construction. Social reformers and institutions believed that strengthening the minds and bodies of the population should begin with improving families, and that this in turn necessitated educating women to become better family managers and mothers. This essay provides an overview of two projects of wartime family reform, the work of the New Life Movement Women’s Advisory Council and the development of family education experimental areas, in order to show the ways that educated women and the Guomindang state attempted to transform the families of China. By changing specific domestic practices, such as in the realms of hygiene and childrearing, these reformers aimed to create a more modern and efficient female citizenry primed for the ongoing fight against Japan.

Reflections on EU Geopolitics: Consolidation, Neighbourhood and Civil Society in the Reordering of European Space

Civil society observations of the EU's geopolitical impacts on its immediate neighbourhood provide a nuanced ‘ground-up’ perspective that eschews historically deterministic interpretations of the EU's role in the world. While this article is limited to Eastern Europe, it nevertheless highlights some of the challenges facing the EU's visions of ‘Neighbourhood’ as multilateral and multilayered regional co-operation. After a brief theoretical introduction, the article first characterizes the EU's geopolitics as a dual project of consolidation and ideational projection; that is as two projects of re-ordering – re-territorializing – interstate relationships. It then addresses three specific and interrelated questions with regard to civil society: 1) how do the EU and its policies affect civil society co-operation agendas and practises, 2) to what extent does civil society participate in the co-development of Neighbourhood Policy and 3) how do civil society actors perceive the role of the EU in promoting cross-border and regional co-operation within the ‘Neighbourhood’? One central issue in developing these questions is that of establishing ‘common’ European values as a condition for successful co-operation. Civil society actors must simultaneously operate within different, often competing, socio-political contexts. A balance between situational ethics and more generally accepted notions of (European) values is thus essential.

Anglophone Africa in the Olympic Movement: the confirmation of a British wager? (1948-1962)

In July 2010 I discovered the National Archives (Kew, London) while working on a dual project: my doctoral thesis, and a grant awarded by the Olympic Studies Centre in Lausanne, Switzerland. My goal was to conduct a comparative historical analysis of the administrative and political colonial situations of the United Kingdom and France. I wanted to understand their influence on the integration of the former British and French colonies into the Olympic movement between the end of the Second World War (1945) and the hosting of the Olympic Games in London (1948) on the one hand, and colonial independence in Africa in the 1960s on the other, reflected at the IOC by the creation of the Committee for International Olympic Aid (CIOA) to help the new countries in the Third World.

Hidden in Plain View: Legal Geography from a Visual Perspective

Law, with a capital “L” at least, is not particularly fond of hiding itself. In order to be effective, law must be asserted in the world; it must be acknowledged; and, most importantly, it must be visually seen. Why, then, would law hide itself in space? And, perhaps more importantly, how would it do so? And why would such hidden places of law be of importance to us? This paper explores the dual project of seeing and concealing within the context of legal geography. It examines how law sees the physical landscape and how it is seen from a spatial perspective. It also asks who does the legal seeing, who and what are being seen by law, and then who and what are rendered invisible in these geolegal sites. In addition, it considers how law’s particular way of seeing landscape translates into the making of this space. Finally, and interrelated to all the above, it shows how both the visibility and, perhaps more importantly, the invisibility of law in space are strongly aligned with arrangements of power. The article presents two examples of visible invisibles: first, tree landscapes in Israel/Palestine and the properties of seeing the natural landscape through human and nonhuman inspection, and through aerial photos in particular; and second, border crossings and the properties of seeing in motion through the physical design of the border, and through sensor machines in particular.

A report on the ‘Keep Your Head Together’ project: a dual diagnosis population health prevention initiative undertaken in Western Sydney, Australia

Dual diagnosis is common among substance-using adolescent populations. Increasingly, young people are presenting to mental health and drug and alcohol service providers with dual diagnosis issues. Early intervention and treatment services are being researched and developed. However, there are few programmes established in the area of prevention. A comprehensive population health-based dual diagnosis prevention project incorporating community education, resource development, community awareness raising, and professional training was undertaken in Western Sydney, Australia. Evaluations demonstrated that a multifaceted strategy was effective in raising community awareness, generating help-seeking behaviour in individuals concerned about dual diagnosis, increasing knowledge and confidence of professionals working in the field, and establishing sustaining partnerships to extend the reach of the project beyond initial funding parameters. Potentially sensitive issues such as dual diagnosis and substance use can ...

Falling Walls and Mending Fences: Archaeological Ethnography in the Limpopo*

In this article I take my lead from the sentiments expressed by one of my colleagues in South Africa National Parks – a young, black woman who seeks a radical revisioning of archaeology and anthropology in the new South Africa. She wants to see archaeology labour in the service of a newly emergent and more equitable nation, to perform a remedial and therapeutic service that actively counteracts the centuries of colonial oppression and apartheid erasures that have deeply affected the production of the past and thus future possibilities. Given this particular historical conjuncture, archaeology (like all historical disciplines) is being called upon to do double work, a dual project that seeks to address and redress the past and, through the accounts provided, make possible new understandings of identity in present and future social settings.1 This dual mandate has been willingly embraced by a younger generation of scholars, yet the deeply political valences of South African archaeology continue to be staunchly avoided by others. To begin, I offer a brief outline of my research in Kruger National Park, followed by a description of two very different field projects based around the archaeological site of Thulamela and the various stakeholders and agendas continually being brought into play. This leads into a discussion of the wider impacts of heritage work in terms of local identities and tensions and suggests that recognition and reparations around such contested landscapes continue to be fraught, despite protean political rhetoric and regime change. Throughout I hope to lay some groundwork for a hybrid practice I refer to as archaeological ethnography – a traversing of two distinct, but necessarily enmeshed subfields. * A great many people deserve thanks for making this project possible. First, thanks to Heidi Hansen for facilitating our research and the staff at People and Conservation in Skukuza and Pretoria, particularly Sibongile Van Damme, Edgar Neluvhalani and Johan Verhoef. We are indebted to Thanyani Madzhuta for working with the team at Thulamela and in Pafuri generally. David Khoza at Punda Maria also facilitated our visits and interviews outside the park. We acknowledge the support of Scientific Services at Skukuza as well as the personnel who made daily research possible. Our interpretive officers, Eric Makuleke and Leonard Luula, were invaluable to our work. We acknowledge the time and expertise of our interviewees at Musunda, Benndemutale, and Tshikuya. Invaluable logistical support came from the Rock Art Research Institute at the University of the Witwatersrand and we particularly acknowledge Ben Smith, Geoff Blundell and Thembi Russell. As always, I owe a personal intellectual debt to Glynn Alard, Martin Hall, Nick Shepherd, and Lindsay Weiss. Many of the people cited in this article remain anonymous to protect their identities within their respective communities and organisations. I thank the National Science Foundation, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and the Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy at Columbia University in New York for their financial support. 1 G. Farred, ‘The Not-Yet Counterpartisan: A New Politics of Oppositionality’, The South Atlantic Quarterly Special Issue. After the Thrill is Gone: A Decade of Post-Apartheid South Africa, 103, 4 (2004), pp. 589–605. I would love to see archaeologists rebuilding not from a technical point of view, but rebuilding from a spiritual point of view. I don't want to leave that for the domain of anthropologists. I am thinking of a verse in the Bible that says, there is a time and season for everything, and there is a time to cast away, and a time to rebuild stones. That verse reminds me of archaeology and the role that archaeologists play when they cast away stones so that they can find things – all sorts of things. And, once they have found understandings, or a sense of that history, they build those tools together. That is the challenge for archaeologists for the history of South Africa.2 2 Interview, South Africa National Parks (SANP) employee, Skukuza, 13 March 2005.

Counselling the Gifted and Talented in France: Minimizing Gift and Maximizing Talent

After a presentation of the French school system, we describe how the three principal practices—acceleration, enrichment, and special classes—for the education of the gifted are functioning in France. Then, we deal with the counselling of the gifted through 1) the presentation of the professional involved in these tasks, 2) the role played by the parent associations of gifted children, and 3) the identification practices. For the talented, there are many practices, from primary education onwards, which allow schooling to be reconciled with sports studies or artistic tuition. The concept of “dual project” is introduced: the need for sportsmen/women to elaborate their career plan at the same time as their sporting project. The conclusion stresses that in France, measures for the gifted are not clearly laid out; whereas, provisions benefiting from clear and explicit information have been made for the talented and are encouraged by various institutions.

Assessment and Rehabilitation of Foreign Object Damage Potential on Airfield Shoulder and Blast Pavements

Foreign object damage (FOD) is a term used by the aviation industry to describe damage caused by any object that can be ingested by an aircraft engine or flight control mechanism. FOD is estimated to cost the global aerospace industry up to $4 billion annually. Deteriorated pavements are one source of FOD and fall into two categories: runway, taxiway, and apron pavements that aircraft traverse and shoulders and other infield pavements that are not traversed but are subjected to jet blast. Widely recognized procedures for the assessment of pavements traveled on by aircraft are well documented. However, procedures for the assessment of FOD potential for shoulder and blast pavements at commercial airports are not widely recognized. In an effort to manage shoulder and blast pavements proactively and eliminate pavement-related FOD incidents, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey undertook to assess the current condition of these pavements, rehabilitate and repair areas with unacceptable FOD potential, and initiate periodic inspections on these pavements to facilitate the implementation of an effective pavement maintenance and rehabilitation program. To achieve this goal, a dual project- and network-level inspection approach was implemented. The project-level objective was to identify immediate repairs needed to address unacceptable FOD potential. The network-level objective was to assess the current condition and initiate a proactive inspection regime to assist in maintaining these pavements. The approaches to assessment and rehabilitation are detailed and steps to implement a pavement management system for these pavements are discussed.

Assessment and Rehabilitation of Foreign Object Damage Potential on Airfield Shoulder and Blast Pavements: Case of John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York

Foreign object damage (FOD) is a term used by the aviation industry to describe damage caused by any object that can be ingested by an aircraft engine or flight control mechanism. FOD is estimated to cost the global aerospace industry up to $4 billion annually. Deteriorated pavements are one source of FOD and fall into two categories: runway, taxiway, and apron pavements that aircraft traverse and shoulders and other infield pavements that are not traversed but are subjected to jet blast. Widely recognized procedures for the assessment of pavements traveled on by aircraft are well documented. However, procedures for the assessment of FOD potential for shoulder and blast pavements at commercial airports are not widely recognized. In an effort to manage shoulder and blast pavements proactively and eliminate pavement-related FOD incidents, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey undertook to assess the current condition of these pavements, rehabilitate and repair areas with unacceptable FOD potential, and initiate periodic inspections on these pavements to facilitate the implementation of an effective pavement maintenance and rehabilitation program. To achieve this goal, a dual project- and network-level inspection approach was implemented. The project-level objective was to identify immediate repairs needed to address unacceptable FOD potential. The network-level objective was to assess the current condition and initiate a proactive inspection regime to assist in maintaining these pavements. The approaches to assessment and rehabilitation are detailed and steps to implement a pavement management system for these pavements are discussed.