Dual Power Research Articles

Combinatorial formulas for shifted dual stable Grothendieck polynomials

Abstract The K-theoretic Schur P- and Q-functions $G\hspace {-0.2mm}P_\lambda $ and $G\hspace {-0.2mm}Q_\lambda $ may be concretely defined as weight-generating functions for semistandard shifted set-valued tableaux. These symmetric functions are the shifted analogues of stable Grothendieck polynomials and were introduced by Ikeda and Naruse for applications in geometry. Nakagawa and Naruse specified families of dual K-theoretic Schur P- and Q-functions $g\hspace {-0.1mm}p_\lambda $ and $g\hspace {-0.1mm}q_\lambda $ via a Cauchy identity involving $G\hspace {-0.2mm}P_\lambda $ and $G\hspace {-0.2mm}Q_\lambda $ . They conjectured that the dual power series are weight-generating functions for certain shifted plane partitions. We prove this conjecture. We also derive a related generating function formula for the images of $g\hspace {-0.1mm}p_\lambda $ and $g\hspace {-0.1mm}q_\lambda $ under the $\omega $ involution of the ring of symmetric functions. This confirms a conjecture of Chiu and the second author. Using these results, we verify a conjecture of Ikeda and Naruse that the $G\hspace {-0.2mm}Q$ -functions are a basis for a ring.

Bulk Cum QFG-Driven FVF Double Recycling Current Mirror Subthreshold OTA Based CCII+ Cell and Applications

This paper presents a low-voltage low-power second generation CCII+ cell using bulk-driven FVF class AB mode operated double recycling current mirror OTA. The OTA is used in the input core of CCII+ cell utilizes bulkcum Quasi Floating Gate (QFG)-based voltage to current converter and Partial Positive Feedback (PPF) to enhance the performance of the circuit. The circuit permits closely railto- rail input common mode range, high output current drive capability with low dual power supply of ± 0.25 V. This circuit produces low input referred noise of 1.65 μV/sqrt Hz, dissipates ultra-low power of 342 nW and is suitable for lowfrequency applications, such as bio-signal processing. Further, to validate this design, a MISO type voltage mode biquadratic filter and voltage mode two phase quadrature oscillator are currently being implemented using this CCII+ cells. The circuit is simulated in tanner EDA tools using 180 nm n-tub CMOS process technology with low bias current of 18 nA.

The Attitude of Latin American Countries towards Venezuela’s Dual Power Situation from 2019 to 2022

The Attitude of Latin American Countries towards Venezuela’s Dual Power Situation from 2019 to 2022

Thermo-economic analysis of the impact of the interaction between two neighboring dry cooling towers on power generation of dual thermal power units and the energy-efficient operation strategy

Thermo-hydraulic behavior of the dry cooling tower and thermodynamic performance of the power unit was coupled by a well-developed computational framework. The interaction between two neighboring towers was detected through a numerical model under variable working conditions, and the impact of cooling performance variation of each tower on cycle efficiency of the corresponding unit was quantified by a thermo-economic model. Results showed that tower interaction mostly impacts heat rejections of radiators at the neighboring halves of both towers. A higher unit load ensures both towers better cooling performances subject to crosswind. The unfavorable wind-effect on cooling behavior of the upstream tower mitigates with increasing wind attack angle, while that on the downstream tower varies little initially and drops sharply as wind attack angle approaching 90°. For each unit, thermodynamic cycle efficiency is more sensitive to crosswind under a higher unit load. Cycle efficiency grows with unit load at low wind speeds, but generally increases and then decreases with unit load at medium–high wind speeds. Dual units should operate at the same load to maximize operational energy efficiency. Otherwise, the unit corresponding to the upstream tower should follow higher and lower load commands under small-medium and large wind attack angles, respectively.

Dual-power nonlinear energy sink for targeted energy transfer in ultra-wide range of impulsive energy

Recently, the NES with one third power (OTP) nonlinearity was proposed to attenuate micro-vibrations under low-level initial impulsive energy. However, the targeted energy transfer (TET) region for effective vibration mitigation is narrow. This paper develops a new type of NES with dual-power (DP) nonlinearity by combining the third power (TP) nonlinearity and the OTP one in parallel. Firstly, the dynamic behaviors of the DP NES are investigated, and significant vibration mitigation is observed in two discontinuous TET regions that are separately induced by the OTP and TP nonlinearities. Furthermore, the parameter analysis is conducted to find out a feasible avenue to merge such two discontinuous TET regions. It demonstrates that there exist optimal parameters to achieve a wide and continuous TET region. Finally, the design optimization of the DP NES is carried out with the aid of the genetic algorithm, and the optimal parameters enable the DP NES to trigger TET in an ultra-wide and continuous range of initial impulsive energy. Consequently, the proposed DP NES should be an effective solution to substantially broaden the TET region and attenuate vibration in an ultra-wide range of initial impulsive energy.

Dual Motor Power Sharing Control for Electric Vehicles With Battery Power Management

Induction motor powertrains are emerging as a cost-effective option for high-power electric vehicles (EVs). A differential four-wheel drive (D4WD) EV based on two open end winding induction motor (OEWIM) propulsion is presented in this paper. Each OEWIM is driven by two 2-level voltage source inverters (VSI) with two isolated battery packs as the source. The proposed drive control algorithm integrates the uniform state-of-charge (SoC) distribution and fault-tolerant operation. A two-stage look-up table (LUT) based direct torque control (DTC) scheme is proposed to balance the SoC of batteries by selecting the suitable redundant VSI voltage vectors. The proposed LUT-DTC scheme is less sensitive to variations in motor parameters and provides excellent steady-state and transient performance. The results show the superiority of the proposed controller in terms of battery SoC balancing. The performance of the EV drive with the proposed LUT-DTC is validated by both simulation and laboratory experiments for the FTP75 and HFET driving cycles under different operating modes under normal and fault conditions. The dual motor driven D4WD with the proposed LUT-DTC is found to achieve 89.2% efficiency.

Application of EV aggregators and SMES for frequency deviation control using fractional fuzzy controller

<span lang="EN-US">Secondary controllers are implemented in the alternator control loop to take care of the swinging of frequency initiated due to inequality of load and demand. A fractional fuzzy-PID controller (FFPID) is projected in this work for frequency deviation control in unified system including EV aggregators and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). EVs and SMES are given primacy because of their ecofriendly nature. Proper adjustment of gains of FFPID is also required to extract the best performance of the secondary controllers. Here a recent tuning process named as artificial rabbits optimization (ARO) is applied for proper tuning of projected controller. The implemented dual area power system includes time varying delay-based EV aggregators, SMES, and thermal generating units. The ARO technique is applied in the model to tune the controller constraints with abrupt increment of demand in one of the control areas. A time-based function is treated as fitness function to evaluate the system performance. The dominance property of the projected FFPID controller over conventional PID and FPID controller in terms of different response specifications like maximum positive deviation (overshoot), settling time and minimum negative deviation (undershoot). The robust nature of the projected controller is also confirmed by multiple analysis like random load deviations and system constraint alteration.</span>

Preliminary study of the dual power source system for 11kV manufacturing substation’s battery charger

In the future, renewable energy sources will be a more sustainable solution. Solar energy can be used by the factory to charge a substation’s battery charger. The plan is to use solar energy to charge a battery charger in a factory. Solar energy is more efficient than coal, petroleum, and natural gas. This paper demonstrates the design or reconstruction of an existing circuit drawing to achieve the goal of this project. The design incorporates a changeover switch to perform the power supply changeover for solar energy in order to compare the efficiency of the battery charger using solar power energy to the existing loads. The solar simulation will be built and performed by the MATLAB Simulink model for the simulation part. The PV array represents solar energy by stimulating the I-V and P-V for various irradiance (W/m2) and temperatures (oC). This project aims to improve the circuit design in the substation’s battery charger, develop a solar energy harvesting system, and create an efficient prototype of an energy storage automatic transfer switching system. As a result, this project helps to reduce the rate of global electricity consumption, which has an impact on the environment. Commercials’ pollution is significantly reduced by solar energy. We can demonstrate the global benefits and relevance of implementing this concept, particularly in our industry, by preparing this study. Solar energy is a dependable and cost-effective energy source. The sun is a renewable energy source. While fossil fuels will eventually run out, sunlight will not.

Switching Capacitor Filter with Multiple Functions, Adjustable Bandwidth in the Range of 5 Hz–10 kHz

This article proposes a second-order switch-capacitor filter that integrates low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass, and achieves flexible bandwidth adjustment of the filter through clock rate and capacitance ratio. The final filter design consists of two completely independent second-order switch-capacitor filter channels, and a 4-order Butterworth low-pass filter is designed through two-stage cascades. The two completely independent second-order switch-capacitor filters are integrated on a single chip and manufactured using the Huahong BCD350GE high-voltage 24 V process. The measurement results indicate that the proposed switch-capacitor filter achieves various functional filtering characteristics and achieves a bandwidth of 5 Hz to 10 kHz. The chip area is 5.1 × 3.1 mm2, powered by a dual power supply of ± 5 V, and the power consumption is 80 mW.

Virtual‐physical power flow method for cyber‐physical power system contingency and vulnerability assessment

AbstractTraditional power systems have evolved into cyber‐physical power systems (CPPS) with the integration of information and communication technologies. CPPS can be considered as a typical hierarchical control system that can be divided into two parts: the power grid and the communication network. CPPS will face new vulnerabilities which can have network contingencies and cascading consequences. To address this challenge, a virtual‐physical power flow (VPPF) method is proposed for the vulnerability assessment of CPPS. The proposed method contains dual power flows, one is to simulate a virtual power flow from decision‐making units, and the other is to simulate a physical power flow. In addition, a novel hierarchical control model is proposed that includes four layers of CPPS: the physical layer, the secondary device layer, the regional control layer, and the national control layer. The model is based on IEEE test cases using data and structures provided by MATPOWER. Denial‐of‐service (DoS) and false data injection (FDI) are simulated as two major cyber‐attacks in CPPS. A novel vulnerability index is proposed that consists of system voltage, network latency, and node betweenness as three key indicators. This is a comprehensive and adaptive index because it encompasses both cyber and physical system characteristics and can be applied to several types of cyber‐attacks. The results of the vulnerability assessment are compared in national and regional control structures of CPPS to evaluate the vulnerability of cyber‐physical nodes.

Understanding Mold Wear Mechanisms and Optimizing Performance through Nico Coating: An In-Depth Analysis

This research investigates the wear mechanism of molds and examines the worn areas using high power microscopes and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). In addition, EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) and XRF (X-ray fluorescence) techniques are used to compare the worn areas with the normal areas. The results indicate that the wear mechanism of the molds is similar to adhesive wear. To address the issue of die wear, the application of Nico coating to the copper substrate surface is investigated. Two sample preparation methods, namely DC power supply and dual pulse power supply, are employed. SEM analysis shows that the sample group prepared using the dual pulse power supply has a relatively dense surface coating. The samples with a 60:40 weight ratio of Nico exhibit the highest average hardness and thickness, with minimal dispersion as indicated by the low standard deviation. The samples also show minimal roughness. Repeat tests under the same conditions confirm that the coating surface remains dense and uniform with a hardness of 467.628 hv, a thickness of 43.0665 μm and a roughness of 4.331 nm. The nanoindenter test results show that the coating has improved wear resistance (−28.7 nm) compared to the original mold (−142.4 nm), an increase of 80%.

A novel ANFIS-controlled customized UPQC device for power quality enhancement

Power quality is crucial for the reliable and efficient operation of domestic and industrial loads. Nonlinear power electronic converter loads have increased in usage, which has led to a decline in both voltage and current quality. To overcome these power quality issues, a universal power quality compensator (UPQC) has been developed and integrated into the power distribution network. The UPQC comprises dual active power filters which are equipped with a DC-link capacitor. The voltage of the DC-link capacitor is controlled by a DC-link voltage controller. However, the conventional PI controller is not suitable for regulating voltage at a defined level due to inappropriate gain values. In this work, we propose an intelligent adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-based DC voltage controller for customized UPQC devices. The proposed control scheme aims to mitigate the existing power quality challenges by reducing the issues in classical controllers and incorporating intelligence knowledge with subjective decisions. Using the MATLAB/Simulink software tool, we have tested a customized UPQC device controlled by ANFIS for critical operation and performance. The simulation results are presented along with valid comparisons.

Design of Current Equalization Circuit in Dual Ethernet Power Supply System

A current-balancing circuit for a dual-channel Ethernet power supply system is designed in this paper, which can be used to solve the mismatch between the two channels caused by unavoidable factors, such as mismatched resistances, temperatures and voltages. Based on the design, the mismatch of the currents between the two power transmission paths can be controlled to be less than 1% of the original ones. It can be operated under these conditions with the changes of the load current and the PSE output voltage. The maximum output power of the dual-channel power supply can reach up to 96.5 W. When the DC–DC conversion efficiency is less than 75%, it can still provide 72 W for the PD end, meeting the requirements of the PoE power system. The current-balancing circuit designed in the paper has potential application value to improve the dual PoE power supply system.

Charging the battery via an electric machine fed by dual power source in fuel cell vehicles

In the powertrain of the available fuel cell vehicle, a direct current to direct current (DC/DC) converter is needed to solve the problem of voltage mismatch between the fuel cell and the battery. To cut down the cost and reduce the space occupation, the DC/DC converter is omitted from the powertrain in this study, where the electric machine has two sets of windings supplied by the fuel cell and the battery directly. This study aims to realize charging the battery through no DC/DC converters but only a dual winding electric machine in fuel cell vehicles. Four battery charging modes for the fuel cell vehicle are analyzed under different driving conditions. With a full consideration of the power source characteristic, a strategy based on a power distribution factor is proposed to charge the battery and satisfy the power demand of the vehicle simultaneously. To charge the battery without DC/DC converters when the vehicle is stopped, a method of changing d-axis flux linkage is proposed to make the electric machine perform like a transformer and conduct energy transfer between the fuel cell and the battery. The feasibility of the proposed charging method is verified by both simulations and experiments.

Grid-tied PV system-based power compensation of a grid equipped with dual interphase power controllers (IPC) 240 with three branches: case of a short transmission line

Grid-tied PV system-based power compensation of a grid equipped with dual interphase power controllers (IPC) 240 with three branches: case of a short transmission line

Research on economical shifting strategy for multi-gear and multi-mode parallel plug-in HEV based on DIRECT algorithm

In response to the discrepancy between the mechanical-electric torque distribution rules used in the shifting calculation of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and the actual operating conditions, this study focuses on a specific vehicle model known as the multi-gear and multi-mode parallel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (MGMMP-PHEV). Various control parameters including vehicle speed, pedal opening, battery state of charge (SOC), and operating mode are taken into account by considering the impact of coordinated operation between the dual power sources and battery SOC. In order to address this issue, an enhanced dual-parameter shifting calculation principle and method are proposed, and an optimized shifting strategy is developed with the objective of achieving the highest system comprehensive efficiency and ensuring battery charge-discharge balance. The shifting points under each mode are optimized offline using the DIviding RECTangles (DIRECT) algorithm, and a multi-parameter fuzzy controller is introduced to dynamically adjust the shifting speed. The improved shifting strategy, implemented in Matlab/Simulink, is compared with the initial shifting strategy in terms of its economic performance. The results demonstrate that the DIRECT-optimized and dynamically adjusted fuzzy shifting strategy effectively maintains the balance of battery charge and discharge. Specifically, under the WLTC working condition, it achieves a 5.59 % reduction in fuel consumption compared to the dual-parameter shifting strategy. Furthermore, this optimized strategy leads to a slight increase in shifting delay and a decrease in shifting frequency, thus verifying the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controller.

Multi-attribute decision-making based on q-rung dual hesitant power dual Maclaurin symmetric mean operator and a new ranking method

Multi-attribute decision-making based on q-rung dual hesitant power dual Maclaurin symmetric mean operator and a new ranking method

Power Flow Optimization and Control Strategy for Energy Router in Dual Mode Traction Power Supply System

Power Flow Optimization and Control Strategy for Energy Router in Dual Mode Traction Power Supply System

The discharge characteristics and benzene degradation performance of a three-electrode DBD reactor powered by dual AC power generators

A three-electrode hybrid volume/surface dielectric barrier discharge (V-SDBD) configuration with two plane electrodes and six grounded strips electrode was designed for enhancing the generation of discharge plasma to degrade gaseous benzene. Two plane electrodes were separately powered by a 5 kHz AC generator and a 50 Hz AC generator, respectively. Compared with the typical two-electrode volume DBD (VDBD) reactor excited by 50 Hz AC generator, the hybrid V-SDBD reactor has lower onset discharge voltage and better discharge homogeneity, and the benzene degradation efficiency of V-SDBD was 1.12 times higher than that of VDBD at a similar energy efficiency. Moreover, an increase in the voltage on HVE-II promoted benzene degradation, but decreased the energy efficiency of benzene degradation.

Effect of opposite phase AC voltage application using dual power supplies on thrust and induced flow of plasma actuator

This study proposes a new driving method using dual power supplies to address a trade-off between power supply miniaturization and the high voltage output driving of a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator by simultaneously applying two AC voltages with opposite phases to the exposed and encapsulated electrodes. The performance of the proposed method was compared with that of two conventional driving methods that use a single power supply. The maximum peak-to-peak voltage with the single power supply was 23 kV, whereas that with the dual power supplies using a transformer with a lower output capability was 30 kV. At the same peak-to-peak voltage, the method using dual power supplies had intermediate time-averaged thrust and induced flow velocity among the three methods. This is attributed to the different discharge distributions at the edge of the exposed electrode, which are caused by the different electric field strengths for each method.