Dual Position Research Articles

Internal corporate control and CEO’s dual position

The subject of this research is the relations emerging between the participants of corporate management and control, such as board of directors, CEO, and employees of the organization. Special attention is given to such relations with regards to administration of internal and external corporate control, as well as dual position of CEO as an object and subject of corporate control and management. The author systematizes the concepts of corporate control, as well as reveals the factors of internal corporate control. The participants of corporate management are viewed from the perspective of agent theory; the relations “agent – principal” are clarified from the position of CEO. The author’s special contribution into this research consists in simultaneous consideration of CEO as an agent and a principal in relations between the participants of corporate management and control. Balance between the roles of CEO in the corporation – as a subject and/or object determines his capacity to influence the assessment of the effectiveness of management. The conducted research systematizes the measures on reduction of opportunistic behavior between the agents of the described relations. The scientific novelty consist in acknowledgement of CEO’s dual position in the corporate management and control based on the analysis of his status as an agent and a principal.

Language means of representation of the chronotope of Chaos in a series of novels “The Chronicles of Amber” by Roger Zelazny

This article examines the problem of representation of chronotope using language means. The object of this research is a series of novels “The Chronicles of Amber” by Roger Zelazny in English language. The subject of this research is the lexical units and stylistic techniques used by R. Zelazny for visualization of representation of the chronotope of Chaos. The article substantiates attribution of this series of novels to postmodernist based on the analysis of characteristic features of the text and realization of the ideological concept. The goal of study lies determination of the universal principles of representation of spatial-temporal continuum of the Chaos, as well as establishment of dependence of the choice evaluative connotation of language means on personality of the narrator. The work is conducted at the intersection of linguistics and literary studies. The novelty consists in recognition of the leading role of chronotopic subject in determining tonality of representation of the chronotope. The main conclusion is defined by the fact that the key principle of representation of spatial and temporal components of the chronotope of Chaos in R. Zelazny’s series of novels is the destruction of realistic perception of space and time. It was also established that change of voice of the narrator leads to the shift of evaluative paradigm. An extremely negative attitude of the first narrator to the Courts of Chaos as a representative of the chronotope of Chaos, expressed through the negatively connoted epithets, is justified by its affiliation to Amber as a representative of the Order. Dual position of the second narrator leads to the change in tonality of description of physical personification of the chronotope of Chaos. Counterbalance of negatively and positively connoted lexical units creates the effect of objectivity, essential for realization of ideological content of the novel.

Pengaturan Rangkap Jabatan Notaris dengan Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat

The purpose of writing this article is to discuss the harmonization of regulation towards a double position of notary and members of the House of Representatives and the ideal formulation of regulations regarding dual notary positions. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach, a comparative approach, and a conceptual approach. The legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials which are analyzed using grammatical, systematic, interpretation, explanatory, and evaluation techniques. Harmonization of laws and regulations relating to someone who holds a concurrent position as a notary and a member of the House of Representatives is very important to meet legal certainty. The notary who is elected as a member of the House of Representatives must release his position as a notary public. Notaries can be re-becoming a notary public if they are no longer members of the House of Representatives.

A Local Researcher’s Experiences of the Insider–Outsider Position: An Exercise of Self-Reflexivity During Ethnographic GBV and HIV Prevention Research in South Africa

Examining the researcher’s position during the research process is important to enhance the representation of research participants and the local context where knowledge is produced. This article aims to reflect the experiences of a local researchers’ insider–outsider position during a qualitative study drawing on ethnographic methods. Familiarity with the research community can be advantageous for an insider researcher position while an outsider researcher position may be enable more observance of aspects of daily life to which insiders may be blinded during the inquiry, interpretation, and data analysis. Researchers who often strive for a balance between the two positions can find it challenging yet rewarding. In this study, research participants played a critical role in shaping the local researcher’s dual identity as the outsider position remained at the forefront of interactions with the research process despite familiarity with the local language, culture, and research setting. This view, however, shifted after the local researcher seemed to have “earned” the insider position. Local researchers need to invest in extensive self-reflexivity, acknowledge the vulnerabilities of dual positionality, and capitalize on the shared qualities and differences with research participants to enhance the representation of research participants in the process of knowledge production.

Corporate governance and capital structure as driving force for financial performance: Evidence from non-financial listed companies in Pakistan

This research examines the intervention of capital structure with different characteristics of corporate governance and different measures of financial performance. Data was collected from 113 PSX listed firms ranging from 2013-2018. The study uses multiple regression approach for testing the required set of hypotheses. The results reveal that insider shareholding, and board size significantly but negatively affect financial performance whereas, audit committee’s size positively, and significantly affects financial performance. Furthermore, about 20% of CEOs hold dual positions in listed firms, which also has a positive impact on financial performance. The results also reveal that capital structure positively influences financial performance. This research adds to the literature on corporate governance and firm performance in emerging countries, particularly Pakistan.

Subjects Between Legacies: How Fathers Construct the Relation Between Their Childhood Past, the Present of Parenting, and Their Child(ren)’s Future

This article brings to the discussion of change in the meaning and practice of fatherhood a consideration of fathers’ position between generations and between legacies. Conceptualisations of temporality in the work of Schütz and Mead are applied in analysing a father’s dual position, as both parent and child, as a particular instance of the subject’s position in a present from which the relation between pasts and futures is (re-)constituted. Drawing on qualitative research with a diverse sample of 31 fathers, I argue that the responsibility to lay down a positive emotional and psychological legacy for their child draws fathers into an engagement with their own experience of being parented. The resources for interpretation, and even transformation, of a father’s parenting heritage are situated in terms of contemporary discourses of fatherhood and family and of persistent inequalities in the conditions under which fatherhood is forged.

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL PADA PERUSAHAAN JASA

The aim of this article is to analyze internal control in service company. The analyze used the components of internal control according to COSO: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, monitoring. Analysis of internal control used the data obtained through observation, questionnaires, interview, and documentary. Based on this analysis results can be concluded, that the dual positions refer with company SOP (Standard Operating Procedure). Separation of task does not work because that the dual positions. Therefore, the component of control activities applied at company is not in accordance with the component of control activities according to COSO. Nonconformity components still results in very effective internal control because the purpose of the internal control still remains to be achieved even though there are components that are not in accordance with the internal control components according to COSO.

Dual subordinator system in Hittite? Philology, Natural Interpretation and Typologically Relevant Data

A dual position of complementisers, i.e. two different positions in a clause where complementisers may appear in a clause is recognized for a number of languages, most commonly for Romance languages. The aim of the paper is to survey potentially relevant facts of Hittite and establish whether it possesses a dual compementiser system. The most obvious candidates for use in a dual subordinator construction in Hittite are temporal subordinators – particularly maḫḫan and kuwapi, both with the temporal meaning “when”. It is shown in the paper that Hittite possesses a system of dual subordinators, comparable with the Romance dual complementiser system, even though the system in Hittite is very sporadically attested and ephemeral. The alternative view dominating at present in Hithitological literature is based on an unnatural interpretation of the data of the Hittite language, positing licencing of bare interrogatives in contexts where they cannot be licenced.

Comparison of radiological changes after single- position versus dual- position for lateral interbody fusion and pedicle screw fixation

BackgroundThere have been few comparisons between dual positions, which require a position change, and a single position, which does not require position change, and it is not clear whether there is a difference in indirect decompression achieved by the two procedures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare perioperative and radiographic outcomes following lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) in two cohorts of patients who underwent surgery in a single position or dual position.MethodsThis study involved 45 patients who underwent indirect decompression at 68 levels, with LLIF and percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) fixation for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal canal stenosis. Patient demographics and perioperative data were compared between two groups: patients who remained in the lateral decubitus position for pedicle screw fixation (SP group) and those turned to the prone position (DP group).ResultsA total of 26 DP and 19 SP patients were analyzed. The operation time was approximately 31 min longer for the DP group (129.7 ± 36.0 min) than for the SP group (98.4 ± 41.3 min, P < 0.01). We also evaluated the pre- and postoperative image measurements, there was no significant difference for lumbar lordosis, segmental disc angle, slipping length, and disc height between the groups. The CSA of the dural sac (DP group, from 55.3 to 78.4 mm2; SP group, from 54.7 to 77.2 mm2) and central canal diameter (DP group, from 5.9 to 7.9 mm; SP group, from 5.6 to 7.7 mm) was significantly larger after surgery in both groups. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.684).ConclusionsSP surgery could reduce the average surgery time by about 31 min. We found that the effect of indirect decompression by SP-PPS fixation following LLIF was considered to be a useful technique with no difference in dural sac enlargement or disc angle obtained compared with DP-PPS fixation.

A New Fluorescent Turn-on Dual Interaction Position Probe for Determination of Hydrazine.

Hydrazine is an important catalyst and chemical raw material. But it is highly toxic and potentially carcinogenic. We designed a new hydrazine probe based on a synergistic effect by introducing acetate and phthalimide into 2-phenyl-benzimidazole (PBI). Comparative experiments proved that "the dual position interaction" had a "synergistic effect" on fluorescence enhancement. The fluorescence enhancement caused by the probe (15.0 fold) is much larger than the sum of the fluorescence enhancement of the two monomer compounds (2.6 and 1.4 folds, respectively). A theoretical calculation showed an inhibition of the PET process and a recovery of the ICT process led to a fluorescence enhancement. The probe was specific to hydrazine and showed a linear response to it in the concentrations range of 0.2 - 200 μM with a LOD of 0.062 μM (1.99 ppb). Moreover, the probe could detect hydrazine in tap water; the recovery of hydrazine from the tap water was between 98.86 - 103.28%.

AKUNTABILITAS PENGELOLAAN ALOKASI DANA DESA MENUJU GOOD GOVERNMENT GOVERNANCE

ADD revenue in Pemalang sub-district of Pemalang district increased from 2015 and 2016 so that the village government must manage accountable village funds in an accountable manner according to Permendagri No. 113 of 2014. The research was conducted by survey method in 13 villages in the Pemalang sub-district of Pemalang district. A total of 72 village officials consisted of village heads, secretaries, treasurers, activity implementation teams, village consultative bodies, and affairs heads. The results showed that the management of village finances at the planning, implementation, administration, reporting and accountability stages did not fully go well according to Permendagri No. 113 of 2014 and Pemup No. 58 of 2015. The planning stage is still oriented toward physical development. The implementation phase is carried out by the activity implementation team that the development activities are orderly and according to standards. At the administration stage, the village treasurer concurrently holds another position so that he does not fully understand the task. In the reporting stage, the village head reports the realization of the use of the budget to the regent through the related SKPD. In the accountability stage, the village head is responsible for the use of the budget to the local government, village consultative bodies, and the community. The results of the management of the Pemalang district village fund allocation have not yet fully implemented the principles of good government governance in the form of transparency and accountability because many village officials have retired and even moved assignments so what happens is a dual position. But routinely followed up with audits from the inspectorate to maintain the quality of the report

19. yüzyıl batılı kadın seyahatnamelerinin analizinde kesişimselliği metodolojik bir araç olarak kavramsallaştirmak

My paper aims to reflect on a methodology that could help to further deepen the critical analysis of travelogues written by western women visiting and writing about Ottoman Turkey during the 19th century highlighting their dual position as “colonized by gender but colonizer by race” (Ghose, 1998). This research draws deeply from Edward Said’s seminal work Orientalism (1978) and tries to work towards filling up a gap left by the late Said in his study: the issue of gender. My paper intends to show that gender is a salient variable that assumes importance in the interaction with discursive constraints, related to imperialism, femininity, authority, aesthetics, publishing etc. and at the same time needs to be weighted in respect to the deep heterogeneity that characterized women travelers, different by nationality, faith, class, marital status, education, political and social ideology. By showing the broad and composite spectrum of perspectives envisaged by women writers, their position as both oppressors and at the intersection of multiple oppressions, this paper argues for a more complex methodology of analysis of both gender and colonialism, where women travel writings can be located at the intersection of shifting and multiple overlapping circles. This complexity needs more sophisticated instruments of analysis that can be envisaged in the methodological tool of intersectionality, intended as the examination of the intersection of multiple forms of discrimination.

Lawyers and the “new extraction” in Africa

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the ongoing “new extraction” on the African continent. Contrary to mainstream scholarship and policies that see in law an external variable to remedy the “resource curse,” this paper channels attention toward the role of law as an institution of extraction in the longue durée. Unpacking the close association of law with the conversion of economic surpluses and power into enduring social relationships can help trace the mechanisms by which the uneven and unequal connection between Africa and the world is being negotiated, justified and challenged over time.Design/methodology/approachTo this end, this paper deploys an approach anchored in political sociology of law and focuses on the roles played specifically by lawyers to trace the “interconnectedness” between European colonialism on the continent and the consolidation of the contemporary international economic and legal political order. It illustrates this approach with the case study of the “Africa” Bar in Paris as a key site in which extractive deals between multinational corporations and Francophone African states are negotiated.FindingsThis micro focus helps to explain the dual position of the “Africa” Bar in Paris, as offshore yet connected as it is shaped by both imperial legacies and ongoing waves of globalization into the African continent.Originality/valueThis approach traces a more nuanced explanation of Africa’s unequal and uneven relationship with the global economy as one shaped by the path of imperial legacies and successive and interconnected waves of globalization across Africa.

Are characteristics of sharia supervisory boards able to improve the performance of islamic banking?

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose&lt;/strong&gt; - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of characteristics of Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS) such as DPS scientific background, dual positions of DPS, and the number of supervision days on the performance of Islamic banking. This paper also analyze profit sharing financing as an intervening variabl&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method&lt;/strong&gt; - The population of this study is Islamic Banks in Indonesia in 2012-2017 are 13 sharia bank. The selection of samples in this study using purposive sampling method and selected 8 banks. The data was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis, path analysis, and sobel test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result&lt;/strong&gt; - The results showed that the number of DPS supervision days has a positive effect on the Sharia financial performance, multiple positions of DPS have a positive effect on profit sharing financing. The profit sharing financing is not able to mediate the relationship of the characteristics of the Sharia Supervisory Board to the Sharia financial performance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Implication&lt;/strong&gt; - Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia suggest to improve the financial performance in accordance with sharia principles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Originality&lt;/strong&gt; - This research is the first study that used intervening variable profit sharing financing.&lt;/p&gt;

Obituary

Obituary

Mimicry and the Native American ‘Other’

This paper will address the sustained feeling of separation and delineation in Zitkála-Šá’s literature and Homi Bhabha’s postcolonial theorization, which discuss the difficulties of speech and language in a postcolonial context. I analyse the survival of Native American Culture during late nineteenth-century assimilation, in Zitkála-Šá’s ‘The School Days of an Indian Girl’, and evaluate Homi Bhabha’s ground-breaking research in employing colonial mimicry to usurp colonial power discourses. When former colonial subjects appropriate the colonizer’s language, psychological barriers such as perceived native cultural inferiority transpire. Adhering to an Anglo-American Education, Zitkála-Šá becomes victim to cultural shame and a consequent splitting-of-the self. Bhabha’s theory however, purports to provide a means of overcoming the barrier presented by cultural difference, by implying that imitation of a colonial language ensures camouflage-like protection for the colonial subject which in turn enables them to occupy a dual position in society that is both within their cultural heritage and the colonial environment of ‘civilization’. The extent, to which this is readily achievable, becomes contestable when read alongside Zitkála-Šá. I challenge the penetrable strivings of Bhabha’s theory, by revealing the flaws in his deconstructionist postcolonialism. My examination of power discourses in each text identifies cultural assimilation as an invisible barrier.

Contractual and Relational Governance as Positioned-Practices in Ongoing Public–Private Partnership Projects

This article introduces a process framework based on the realist social theory for studying governing in ongoing public–private partnerships (PPPs). Contractual and relational practices are defined as activities enacted and re-created by virtue of actors’ dual positions: at both the partnership and the parent organizational levels. In PPPs, complementarities and contradictions between public, rule-bureaucratic logic and private, market-oriented logic define structural demands on actors. Nonpredictive and innovative governing activities emerge from the actors’ reflexive capacity to balance different demands. The framework allows the examination of the complex interplay of relational and contractual practices, illustrated in a PPP Dutch case.

Space, State, and Crowds: Urban Squares on Beijing’s Central Axis in the 1910s

This paper focuses on urban squares on Beijing’s central axis in the 1910s, when the city, as the capital, was under the rule of the Beiyang government. The paper first analyses how the government transformed these physical urban spaces, and subsequently endowed them with new social meanings. It then explores the dual political position of these urban squares as sites of both state representation and protest movements, and analyzes the contest between spatial regularization by the state and the mass fight for living space. Two types of crowds, the political crowd and the politicized crowd, are examined. As an arena of conflict, Beijing’s central axis represented the process of nation-state building and incomplete urban modernity. Through study of the relationship between the Chinese state and crowds, and their spatial praxes enacted in urban squares, this paper suggests an alternative perspective on crowd theory.

Have You Ever Used Two Picture Planes to Draw a Single Perspective View?

Apparently, the use of two picture planes to draw a single view has not been attempted before. Most perspective methods, after Alberti, take for granted the use of a single picture plane, disregarding its likely use in dual positions. What if two picture planes are necessary to draw a single view—for example, given a lack of spatial references at ground level to estimate the distance between two objects? This article demonstrates that to draw the interior of a building from which another building can be seen about 190 m away, where the projection of such building on the first picture plane would be imprecise, it may be wise to use a second picture plane. This leads to consideration of how objects change shape as they move away from the viewer. For example, if a cube recedes from the observer up to 100 times its side length, it takes on an axonometric view. This raises a question: Could axonometric projection be a particular case of perspective?

Kwisin in Chosŏn Literati Writings: Multilayered Recognition, Cultural Sensibility, and Imagination

Abstract This paper investigates Confucian literati’s multilayered recognition of kwisin in the Chosŏn dynasty by focusing on three distinct genres: philosophical writings, ritual writings, and fictionalized writings. Multifaceted concepts of kwisin in these three genres are analyzed through interpretive lenses such as philosophical thought, cultural sensibilities, and literary imagination. In the context of philosophy, Chosŏn literati developed the traditional concept of kwisin as spiritual beings in accordance with the Confucian paradigms. In the context of empirical cultural fields, however, sadaebu collected fantastic stories as contemporary cultural research with the aim of publishing encyclopedic collections. In such works, Chosŏn intelligentsia exhibited a dual position: one criticizing the worship of kwisin by the lower classes, the other recognizing such as a cultural tradition. Although literati criticized fictional stories containing ghosts, they penned their own versions with female apparitions, maintaining their patriarchal Confucian ideology by “otherizing” these ghosts of unclear familial lineage. Fictional narratives in which kwisin appeared fostered communication across ideology, folk knowledge, and experiential sensibility and embraced the metaphysical recognition and everyday sense of kwisin. Gendered kwisin stories played the cultural roles of criticizing and reflecting social paradox and received a wide range of social sympathy, from the elite class to commoners.