Dual-polarized Microstrip Patch Research Articles

A phase shift keying modulator integrated single‐feed circular polarization agile array antenna

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel design of a circular polarization agile array antenna using two phase shift keying (PSK) modulators. The proposed antenna includes four dual linear polarization microstrip patch antenna elements, two PSK modulators, two quarter‐wavelength slot transmission lines, microstrip‐slot line transitions, and a single feed network. The PSK modulator generates phase switching of either 180° or 0° of the vertical signals of each antenna element with the aid of the four diodes. The quarter‐wavelength slot transmission lines are added to adjust the 90° phase difference between orthogonal signals of the array antenna. By controlling the PSK modulators, the proposed antenna can achieve dual circular polarization switching capabilities. A prototype antenna is used to demonstrate the antenna concept. The measured results confirm the concept with a good agreement between the simulated and measured performances. The proposed antenna has no complex circuits for RF and DC signals, and it provides a compact structure.

Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna With Parasitic Elements for 5G Antenna-in-Package Design at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna With Parasitic Elements for 5G Antenna-in-Package Design at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

A Dual-Polarized Antenna Array With High Port Isolation Through TM03/04 Modes Cancellation

A new dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna array (MPAA) with high port isolation through TM03/04 modes cancellation is designed and reported in this letter. By introducing branches etched with slots between the units, the resonant frequency and impedance of TM03 mode are adjusted to be consistent with that of TM04 mode. First, TM03/04 modes cancellation decoupling scheme is applied to a two-element MPAA. And then, the proposed decoupling method is expanded to the compact decoupled dual-polarized four-element MPAA through multi-layer distribution. The co-linear port coupling is below -27 dB within the impedance matching bandwidth (S11 < -10 dB from 3.35 to 3.53 GHz), which is reduced by 20 dB from the original coupling. The maximum gain of 6.4 dBi is achieved, and the radiation efficiency is above 80%. Through miniaturized design, the proposed decoupling scheme achieves high port isolation and a stable radiation pattern. The proposed method may be expanded and greatly improve the performance in future decisions.

Irregular Subarray Tiling via Rotational Symmetry

To reduce the cost of an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n\times n$</tex-math></inline-formula> polarimetric phased array antenna, an innovative subarray tiling technology is proposed based on a geometrical property called rotational symmetry. This property requires the tiling solution to remain unchanged after a series of rotations, and hence, a consistent scanning performance in multiple beam directions is guaranteed. By considering the rotation as the reordering of the array elements, an improved Algorithm X is proposed, which is computationally efficient to find the rotational symmetric exact tiling solutions (RSETS). Due to a compressed scale of the RSETS and a faster dimension reduction of the dictionary matrix, it is convenient to obtain an RSETS with the scanning performance approximated that of the optimal solution. A 12 × 12 X-band dual-polarized microstrip patch array antenna is simulated for the verification of the proposed method under mutual coupling effects. A desired scanning performance is accomplished on both copolarization and cross-polarization patterns of multiple beam directions, which is better than 99.75% of exact tiling solutions.

A Millimeter-Wave Spoof-Surface-Plasmon-Polaritons-Fed Dual-Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna Array

A novel millimeter-wave spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs)-fed dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna array is proposed in this article. A dual-polarized single-layered square patch antenna fed by SSPPs is investigated first acting as the radiators. A method of directly connecting two orthogonal SSPPs with two edges of the square patch is introduced to excite the TM10 and TM01 modes and to achieve promising performance simultaneously. The fabricated antenna element has a measured overlapped impedance bandwidth of 13.7%, an isolation of more than 15 dB between the two inputs, a gain of up to about 6 dBi, and stable dual-polarized radiation patterns. With the use of two SSPPs branches printed on different sides of the substrate, a compact SSPPs power divider with adjustable power dividing ratio is then investigated for realizing the series SSPPs feed network, whose design considerations are discussed in detail. By combining the feed network with the patch elements, a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 4 SSPPs-fed dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna array is fulfilled. The fabricated prototype confirms a bandwidth of 15% and dual-polarized broadside radiations. Benefitted from the simple single-layered geometry without the metallic ground plane over the major region of array geometry and the dual-polarized unidirectional radiation, the presented designs are valuable to emerging millimeter-wave applications.

A novel dual-polarized gain-enhanced microstrip patch antenna

ABSTRACT A broadside direction gain-enhanced low-cost dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna has been presented. The proposed antenna consists of a slot-loaded cross-shaped patch and shorting pins. The orthogonal polarized radiating elements works in TM05 and TM12, meanwhile slot-loaded excite TM01. The equivalent magnetic currents (EMCs) amplitude, frequency, and flow direction of the TM12 are controlled by shorting pins to form the broadside gain enhancement. The superposition of them can enhance the gain in the broadside direction. The proposed antenna is coaxial feed. The substrate is divided into two layers: air and FR4. A copper column is added to the air layer to greatly improve the polarized isolation of the antenna. The size of the proposed antenna is 2.29λ 0×2.29λ 0×0.069λ 0 (λ 0 is the wavelength of free space at the central frequency). The simulated maximum realized gain is 12.59 dB, and the realized gain is better than 11.53 dB in operating band. The measured maximum realized gain is 12.05 dB, and the realized gain is better than 10.04 dB. The dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna has the advantages of low cost and high gain, which can be used in the modern wireless communication system.

Optimal Pattern Synthesis for Polarimetric Phased Array Antenna Using Representative Array Patterns

To reduce pattern measurements and synthesis computations for an optimal array pattern, a set of full array patterns, named as representative array patterns (RAPs), is proposed, the number of which is smaller than that of the active element patterns (AEPs). Each RAP corresponds to one beam named as the representative beam. By optimizing the directions of these representative beams, the measured RAPs can be a good substitute for all AEPs. Compared with using the AEPs, the measurement cost and the computation time of the proposed method are proportionally cut. Considering the results of multiple evaluated directions, the optimal arrangement of representative beams is analyzed. Relative to using the AEPs, a highly consistent performance is achieved, of which the correlation coefficient of copolarization patterns can exceed 98%. For the simulated 10 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array antenna, since merely 67 RAPs are utilized, a 33% reduction in pattern measurements and synthesis computations is obtained. This relative reduction ratio reaches 39% for the 16 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array antenna and 50% for the 32 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 32$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array antenna. The stability of the proposed method under multiplicative and additive pattern measurement errors is presented. Moreover, the proposed method is verified on a practical C-band 4 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dual-polarized microstrip patch array antenna.

Miniaturized wideband dual‐polarized microstrip patch antenna with improved radiation performance

A miniaturized wideband dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna with enhanced radiation performance is proposed in this letter. First, eight parasitic patches loaded are employed in order to achieve apparent compact size. Then, four parasitic substrates are introduced to further decrease the resonant frequency of the antenna for size reduction. More importantly, the cross-polarization (cross-pol) is significantly reduced as the electric field at the edge of the radiation patch is balanced via these parasitic elements. After that, two coupled lines and transition lines placed on the substrate are connected by the probes, resulting in forming a new mode to effectively broaden the impedance bandwidth, and offer a good impedance matching. With these improvements, the volume of the antenna element is only kept of about 0.0032 λ03 (λ0 is the free space wavelength at the center frequency). Meanwhile, its bandwidth is obviously enhanced to about 15.8%. Finally, the 1 × 4 antenna array is fabricated and measured to validate the predicted performance. It presents that the impedance bandwidth of the array is about 18.8%. Besides, its dimension (0.0324 λ03) is only about 0.119–0.58 times of these previous works. Particularly, the wide HPBW and low cross-pol are successfully acquired during the operating band.

A low‐profile dual‐polarized patch antenna array based on quasi‐cruciform coupling slot

A dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna array is designed, constructed, and measured. The patch array is compactly arranged through the design of a suitable series–parallel hybrid feed network. The antenna array demonstrates the bandwidth (10 dB return loss) of port 1 and port 2 are 13.8% (5.41–6.21 GHz) and 9.7% (5.5–6.06 GHz) in measured results respectively. The antenna maintains −27 dB cross-polarization level in the operating band, whereas the isolation for the two orthogonal ports is 39 dB and more. In addition, the antenna array prototype achieves average gains of 13.5 dBi for horizontal and 13.9 dBi for vertical polarizations, respectively. Moreover, the profile of the array is very low based on the proposed antenna unit with a low profile of 3.1 mm (0.06 λ0 at 5.8 GHz), which is a microstrip-fed dual-polarized antenna.

Pattern Reconstruction for Polarimetric Phased Array Antenna by Efficient Beam Measurement

To reduce the pattern measurement cost of the polarimetric-phased array antenna (PPAA), this letter proposes a novel method to reconstruct the array pattern using that of beam positions fewer than the elements. The method is based on the induced reconstruction matrix, thereby estimating the pattern of any beam position within the scanning range. Our approach has low reconstruction error for both copolarization and cross-polarization patterns while being valid for the beam positions in a wide range. A 6 × 6 dual-polarized microstrip patch array is designed to verify the effectiveness of the method. The near-field measurement of a 4 × 4 microstrip patch array confirms that our method could not only effectively reconstruct an approximate pattern meeting the actual requirements, but also proportionally reduce the pattern measurement cost of the PPAA.

광대역 고격리도 이중편파 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나 설계

A wideband high-isolation aperture coupled dual polarized microstrip patch antenna was designed. It consists of two substrates, a reflector, and a spacer to maintain the air gap. The upper substrate has a cross-shaped radiating patch, and the lower substrate has a ground plane that includes two slots and two microstrip feeding lines. The dumbbell-shaped slots are arranged in a T formation for higher isolation. The resonant frequency of the antenna is 2.9 GHz. Port 1 has approximately 21.0 %(2.6～3.21 GHz) and port 2 has approximately 23.51 %(2.59～3.28 GHz) of 10-dB return loss bandwidth. The minimum isolation is 34.6 dB and the maximum isolation is 40 dB in the 10-dB return loss bandwidth. The antenna gain at 2.9 GHz is 9.3 dBi when port 1 is excited and 9.0 dBi when port 2 is excited.

Dual Wide Band Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Offset Feed

Dual Wide Band Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Offset Feed

Dual-Polarized Perpendicularly Fed Balanced Feed Antenna With High Polarization Purity

The design and analysis of a high-performance dual-polarized perpendicularly fed microstrip patch antenna are presented. The planar balanced feeding technique has been evolved to a highly isolated nonplanar method for exciting a dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna. Reducing the number of parallel dielectric and ground plane layers improves the isolation between polarization and increases the antenna scan capability. The simulation and measurement results of the proposed antenna are presented. The proposed antenna possesses high-performance electromagnetic characteristics. Input isolation of better than 52 dB between orthogonal polarizations in the entire frequency band of 2.7-2.9 GHz and cross-polarization level of better than -32 dB have been achieved in the measured results.

A Method for Radiation Pattern Reconstruction of Phased-Array Antenna

In this letter, we propose an approach for reconstructing the radiation pattern of a phased-array antenna by application of the minimum norm least-square solution. Compared with conventional methods, our construction process only requires fewer beam patterns and distortion is also largely mitigated by compensating the mutual coupling between the elements in the antenna. Our approach has low reconstruction error for the copolar and cross-polar patterns while being valid for a large scanning range. Moreover, we design a dual-polarization microstrip patch array antenna to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Octagonal DGS based dual polarised ring-shaped antenna for MIMO communications

ABSTRACTIn this article, a dual polarised Microstrip patch antenna is proposed for 2*2 MIMO communications. The proposed antenna is suitable for GSM/DCS-1800 and LTE-1900 bands as diversity and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. Different from conventional MIMO antennas, the radiating aperture is shared among the radiators, which greatly reduces the overall size of the MIMO antenna system. An isolation enhancement of 30 dB between the input ports is achieved by integrating cross-connected octagonal shaped Defected Ground Structure to the ground plane. Furthermore, the Multi-antenna system performance metrics such as Envelope Correlation Co-efficient, diversity gain and Mean Effective Gain, and Total Active Reflection Co-efficient are also computed. The Proposed antenna shows a gain of 3.63 dBi at 1950 MHz. The simulated and measured results demonstrate that the proposed antenna has good impedance matching, isolation and dual polarisation characteristics. From the performance metrics, the proposed antenna performs well in multipath environment.

Double-Differential-Fed, Dual-Polarized Patch Antenna With 90 dB Interport RF Isolation for a 2.4 GHz In-Band Full-Duplex Transceiver

This letter presents a 2.4 GHz, dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna with extremely high interport isolation for a shared antenna architecture-based in-band full-duplex transceiver. The presented antenna configuration is based on four-ports linearly polarized single radiating element with differential feeding for both transmit $(T_{x})$ and receive $(R_{x})$ operation. The double-differential feeding using two identical 3 dB/180° ring hybrid couplers with nice amplitude and phase balance effectively suppresses the interport RF leakage to achieve very high isolation. The prototype of the proposed antenna architecture is implemented using a 1.6 mm thick general-purpose FR-4 substrate. The implemented antenna provides more than 90 and 80 dB interport RF isolation for 20 and 40 MHz bandwidths, respectively, in addition to more than 98 dB port-to-port peak isolation when measured inside an anechoic chamber. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest amount of RF isolation reported for a single dual-polarized patch antenna.

Dual-Polarized, Differential Fed Microstrip Patch Antennas With Very High Interport Isolation for Full-Duplex Communication

This communication presents two dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna systems based on a single radiating element with 180° ring hybrid coupler for differential feeding to achieve high interport RF isolation. One of the implemented single-layer patch antennas provides more than 67 dB isolation between transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) ports at 2.4 GHz while the second fabricated antenna with slot coupled Tx port along with differential feeding for Rx operation provides more than 90 dB RF isolation at 2.41 GHz between dc isolated Tx–Rx ports. Moreover, the single-layer antenna provides better than 62 dB interport isolation for 10 dB-return loss impedance bandwidth (BW) of 50 MHz. Measured interport isolation for implemented antenna with slot coupled Tx port achieves around 70 and 79 dB port to port RF isolation for 50 and 20 MHz BWs, respectively, and these are the highest amounts of isolation for a single antenna to best of our knowledge. The antenna with slot coupled Tx port provides more interport RF isolation as compared to single-layer antenna due to low coupling between slot coupled and co-planar quarter-wave microstrip fed ports. Both antenna structures have the capability to remove in-band nonlinear self-interference (SI) components without complex SI cancellation circuits.

Compact dual‐polarised microstrip patch antenna with high interport isolation for 2.5 GHz in‐band full‐duplex wireless applications

In-band full duplex (IBFD) wireless operation can be accomplished by mitigating the self-interference (SI) at the receiver that is caused by coupling of radio-frequency power from its own transmitter. Maximum amount of SI cancellation (SIC) should be achieved at antenna stage to enable full-duplex wireless communication operation at same frequency. This study presents the design and implementation of a compact two-port dual-polarised microstrip patch antenna which uses three-port microstrip patch antenna with 3 dB ring hybrid coupler as SIC circuit to achieve high interport isolation. The implemented antenna provides 57dB interport isolation between transmit and receive ports at centre frequency of 2.5GHz with linear orthogonal polarisation and interport isolation is better than 40dB for 50MHz bandwidth. The fabricated compact microstrip patch antenna has 3.1 and 3.7 dBi gains for Tx and Rx modes, respectively. The proposed antenna has comparatively wider 10dB input bandwidth (50MHz) along with high interport isolation.

A W-Band High-Aperture-Efficiency Multipolarized Monopulse Cassegrain Antenna Fed by Phased Microstrip Patch Quad

In this letter, a W-band multipolarized monopulse Cassegrain antenna is proposed, in which a phased dual-polarized microstrip patch quad is employed to feed the hyperbolic subreflector. Due to the more even polarization distribution on the aperture of the quad, the high aperture efficiency of the Cassegrain antenna is achieved. Simulation results verify that the microstrip patch quad is qualified to work as the multipolarized monopulse feed source by adjusting phases and amplitudes among the four feed ports. The metallic structure of this W-band multipolarized monopulse Cassegrain antenna is fabricated by using high-precision milling machine to assure the design parameters. At 94 GHz, the integral gain is 39.6 dBi and the aperture efficiency is 51.9%. Measurement results demonstrate the proposed antenna has excellent polarization synthesis and polarized monopulse performances further.

A Wideband Differential-Fed Dual-Polarized Microstrip Antenna Under Radiation of Dual Improved Odd-Order Resonant Modes

A low profile differential-fed dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with bandwidth enhancement is proposed under radiation of the first and second odd-order resonant modes. First, all of even-order modes are fully suppressed by using a differentially feeding scheme instead of the single probe feed. Next, the radiation pattern of a square MPA is theoretically analyzed. It is demonstrated that the traditional monopole-like radiation of the second odd-order mode in the H-plane, i.e., TM21 mode, can be transformed into the broadside radiation by etching out a narrow slot at the center of the radiating patch. After that, an array of shorting pins is symmetrically embedded underneath the radiating patch so as to progressively push up the resonant frequency of the TM01 mode (or TM10 mode), while almost maintaining that of TM21 mode (or TM12 mode) to be unchanged. With these arrangements, a wide impedance bandwidth with stable radiation peak in the broadside direction is achieved for the MPA under this dual modes operation. Finally, the dual-polarized MPA is fabricated and measured. The measured results are found in good agreement with the simulated ones in terms of the reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, and realized gain, demonstrating that the MPA’s impedance bandwidth ( $\vert S_{\mathrm { {dd11}}}\vert dB) is tremendously increased up to about 8% with a high differential port-to-port isolation of better than 22.6 dB. In particular, a low profile property of about 0.024 free-space wavelength and the stable radiation pattern are also achieved.