Dual Operation Research Articles

Switched max-plus linear-dual inequalities: cycle time analysis and applications

AbstractP-time event graphs are discrete event systems suitable for modeling processes in which tasks must be executed in predefined time windows. Their dynamics can be represented by max-plus linear-dual inequalities (LDIs), i.e., systems of linear dynamical inequalities in the primal and dual operations of the max-plus algebra. We define a new class of models called switched LDIs (SLDIs), which allow to switch between different modes of operation, each corresponding to a set of LDIs, according to a sequence of modes called schedule. In this paper, we focus on the analysis of SLDIs when the considered schedule is fixed and either periodic or intermittently periodic. We show that SLDIs can model a wide range of applications including single-robot multi-product processing networks, in which every product has different processing requirements and corresponds to a specific mode of operation. Based on the analysis of SLDIs, we propose algorithms to compute: i. minimum and maximum cycle times for these processes, improving the time complexity of other existing approaches; ii. a complete trajectory of the robot including start-up and shut-down transients.

Design and FEA analysis of hub based dual rotor machine for optimal energy generation in four wheeled electric vehicle application

This research article focuses on the design and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) analysis of a hub-based Dual Rotor Machine (DRM). Conventional, electric machines can perform either motoring or generating operations at an instant of time for electric vehicle (EV) applications. However, the proposed DRM can perform both motoring and generating modes of operation simultaneously. For this dual operation, a power rating of 15 kW Brushless DC Machine is selected with outer rotor configuration to achieve high starting torque in motoring operation and a power rating of 6 kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine is considered for generating operation with an inner rotor. Based on theoretical results, the design of DRM is developed and analysed using FEA software programs such as MagNet, Jmag and ThermNet. By using a two-dimensional (2-D) transient solver, the proposed DRM performance is simulated and validated with cogging torque, electromagnetic, thermal and stress analysis. The performance of the proposed DRM model is also tested with drive cycle data of WLTP-II (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure) in ANSYS Motor-CAD software. The simulation results confirm the proposed DRM can consume only 252 Wh over 405 Wh energy consumed by a single rotor machine and ensuring its applicability for EV applications.

Higgs-like (pseudo)scalars in AdS4, marginal and irrelevant deformations in CFT3, and instantons on S 3

Employing a 4-form ansatz of 11-dimensional supergravity over a non-dynamical background and setting the internal space as an Hopf fibration on , we obtain a consistent truncation. The (pseudo)scalars, in the resulting scalar equations in Euclidean AdS space, may be considered to arise from (anti)M-branes wrapping around the internal directions in the (Wick-rotated) skew-whiffed M2-brane background (as the resulting theory is for anti-M2-branes), thus realizing the modes after swapping the three fundamental representations , , and of . Taking the backreaction on the external and internal spaces, we obtain the massless and massive modes, corresponding to exactly marginal and marginally irrelevant deformations on the boundary CFT , respectively. Subsequently, we obtain a closed solution for the bulk equation and compute its correction with respect to the background action. Next, considering the Higgs-like (breathing) mode , having all supersymmetries as well as parity and scale-invariance broken, solving the associated bulk equation with mathematical methods, specifically the Adomian decomposition method, and analyzing the behavior near the boundary of the solutions, we realize the boundary duals in the -singlet sectors of the ABJM model. Then, introducing the new dual deformation operators made of bi-fundamental scalars, fermions, and gauge fields, we obtain the -invariant solutions as small instantons on a three-sphere with the radius at infinity, which correspond to collapsing bulk bubbles leading to big-crunch singularities.

Modulating LiFi for dual operation in the visible and infrared spectra

Light-Fidelity (LiFi) has emerged in the last few years as a promising technology for alleviating the stringent demand for wireless data services. Prior works have considered LiFi operating either in the visible light or infrared spectrum. Each spectrum band has its own advantages: visible light allows leveraging existing infrastructure for communication, while infrared is not affected by light dimming. In this work, we propose a modulation scheme that retains the benefits of both bands, introducing a simple, low-cost, yet efficient dimming solution for LiFi networks. We compare the performance of the proposed dimming scheme with both the digital and analog dimming techniques traditionally used in LiFi systems. Simulation results show that our dimming solution offers better communication and illumination performance than previous proposals, providing larger signal-to-noise ratio, spectral efficiency, and a full and fine-grained dimming range. Finally, we prototype our solution by designing an extended version of the OpenVLC 1.3 platform, and we experimentally show its robust communication performance under different dimming conditions. We make the implemented system publicly available to the research community.

Self duality in unconventional conformal supersymmetry

In this work, we study (anti-)self duality conditions in unconventional conformal supersymmetry. We focus on a theory constructed in a Townsend-MacDowell-Mansouri form for an SU(2, 2|N) gauge connection with matter fields in the adjoint representation. We find bosonic solutions that correspond to analytic gravitational instantons with nontrivial torsion. These configurations can be regarded as the torsional generalization of the Taub-NUT/Bolt-AdS and Eguchi-Hanson metric and they are (anti-)self-dual with respect to a generalized dual operator. We explore their global properties and show that they saturate a BPS bound.

AI Pilot in the Cockpit: An Investigation of Public Acceptance

Crew-reducing exhibits promise for various benefits in the aviation industry. However, there is limited understanding regarding public acceptance. Using an experimental design deployed with a vignette-based online study, we investigated individuals’ negative emotion, trust, risk acceptance, and willingness to ride toward Single Pilot Operations (SPO) and Dual Pilot Operations (DPO). Results established that people preferred DPO flights, relying on affect heuristic. Specifically, people’s negative emotion associated with SPO decreases their trust, which subsequently results in lower levels of willingness to ride and risk acceptance. Furthermore, we observed that people are less likely to accept risk evoked by intelligent autonomous system in DPO flights, which likely due to their psychological model about two pilots in the cockpit. Findings from this research highlight the importance of users’ initially positive affects about intelligent equipment in the cockpit. Other theoretical and practical implications for narrowing the acceptable gap between SPO and DPO are discussed.

Multi-directional unitarity and maximal entanglement in spatially symmetric quantum states

We consider dual unitary operators and their multi-leg generalizations that have appeared at various places in the literature. These objects can be related to multi-party quantum states with special entanglement patterns: the sites are arranged in a spatially symmetric pattern and the states have maximal entanglement for all bipartitions that follow from the reflection symmetries of the given geometry. We consider those cases where the state itself is invariant with respect to the geometrical symmetry group. The simplest examples are those dual unitary operators which are also self dual and reflection invariant, but we also consider the generalizations in the hexagonal, cubic, and octahedral geometries. We provide a number of constructions and concrete examples for these objects for various local dimensions. All of our examples can be used to build quantum cellular automata in 1+1 or 2+1 dimensions, with multiple equivalent choices for the “direction of time”.

Dual Toeplitz operators on the orthogonal complement of the harmonic Bergman space

<p>This paper aimed to give some partial answers to the zero-product problem and commutativity problem concerning dual Toeplitz operators with nonharmonic symbols on the orthogonal complement of the harmonic Bergman space. Using the symbol map, we described the necessary condition for $ S_{\varphi_1}S_{\varphi_2}\cdots S_{\varphi_N} = 0 $ with radial symbols. Furthermore, we established the sufficient and necessary conditions for $ S_{\varphi}S_{ \psi} = S_{\psi}S_{\varphi} $ with $ \varphi(z) = az^{p_1}\overline{z}^{q_1}+bz^{p_2}\overline{z}^{q_2} $ and $ \psi(z) = z^{s}\overline{z}^{t} $.</p>

Feedback control problems for a class of backward Riemann-Liouville fractional evolution hemivariational inequalities with dual operators

Feedback control problems for a class of backward Riemann-Liouville fractional evolution hemivariational inequalities with dual operators

SDR-Based Dual Polarized L-Band Microwave Radiometer Operating From Small UAS Platforms

SDR-Based Dual Polarized L-Band Microwave Radiometer Operating From Small UAS Platforms

Design, Development, and Functional Validation of a 3D-Printed Passive Upper Limb Exoskeleton.

Motor disability in children is evident in diagnoses such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, or spinal muscular atrophy, among others, due to altered movement and postural patterns. This becomes more evident as the child grows and can be treated with physical therapy. The effectiveness of early interventions in facilitating an improvement in daily life activities varies depending on the child's condition. In this context, the use of exoskeletons has emerged in recent years as a valuable resource for conducting more efficient therapy processes. This work describes the design (both structural and functional) and preliminary usability and functional validation of a 3D-printed passive upper limb exoskeleton. The goal is to provide clinicians with an efficient, low-cost device that is both easy to manufacture and assemble and, in a gamified environment, serves as an assistive device to physical therapy. The device features 5 degrees of freedom, enabling both a pro-gravity and an anti-gravity mode, controlled by a series of elastic bands. This gives rise to a dual operating mode, offering assistance or resistance to different arm, forearm, and shoulder-dependent movements. Usability validation conducted by exoskeleton users showed average results in all aspects rated above 3.8 out of 5, which implies levels of satisfaction between "quite satisfied" and "very satisfied". The analysis of metrics recorded during therapy, such as the Hand Path Ratio and Success Rate (capturing user movements using an inertial sensor in the gamified environment), as well as the range of motion, reveals quantifiable improvements which can be attributed to the use of the exoskeleton: the Hand Path Ratio tended to approach 1 throughout sessions in almost all the users, the Success Rate remained stable (as users consistently were capable of completing the assigned tasks), and the range of motion showed that all patients achieved improvements of more than 10 degrees in some of the tested movements). These functional validation processes involved the participation of 7 children with varying levels of upper limb neuro-motor impairments.

Correction to Semi-Linear All-Polarization-Maintaining Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Oscillator Manifesting Dual Operation Regime at Net Anomalous Dispersion

Correction to Semi-Linear All-Polarization-Maintaining Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Oscillator Manifesting Dual Operation Regime at Net Anomalous Dispersion

Semi-Linear All-Polarization-Maintaining Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Oscillator Manifesting Dual Operation Regime at Net Anomalous Dispersion

Semi-Linear All-Polarization-Maintaining Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Oscillator Manifesting Dual Operation Regime at Net Anomalous Dispersion

HARDY’S INEQUALITIES IN WEIGHTED VARIABLE EXPONENT LEBESGUE SPACES WITH NEGATIVE EXPONENTS

Abstract. In this abstract we establish necessary condition and sufficient condition on weight functions for the boundedness of Hardy operator in weighted variable Lebesgue spaces with negative exponents. Also, we give similar inequality for dual operator of Hardy operator.

Deformable attention object tracking network based on cross-correlation

With the increasing popularity and widespread application of embedded devices, lightweight target tracking networks have emerged as a crucial research direction in the field of computer vision. In this paper, we propose a deformable attention object tracking network based on cross-correlation (DAM-LOTNet), which utilizes the lightweight MobileNetV3 network for efficient feature extraction. Aiming at the problem that lightweight networks cannot better capture target features and morphological changes, deformable attention modules are proposed to generate attention maps along the channel and spatial dimensions. Furthermore, a dual cross-correlation operation is proposed, aiming at fusing channel information and pixel-level information. Thus, the model obtains a more comprehensive feature representation and a more accurate similarity calculation capability while maintaining a lightweight framework. Finally, a feature enhancement network constructed by depthwise separable convolution was added to the classification and regression branches. The designed DAM-LOTNet has 0.552M parameters and 0.121G FLOPs. On the UAV123 dataset, DAM-LOTNet achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to other lightweight object tracking algorithms. Extensive experiments on visual tracking benchmarks (including VOT2018, VOT2019, OTB100, etc.) have demonstrated that DAM-LOTNet has extremely low model FLOPs and parameters compared to common deep learning-based trackers, and is essentially on par with these trackers in terms of performance.

현대 서원의 건립과 운영 방식

This paper examines the construction process, activities, and operation methods of contemporary Seowon, focusing on Hwasan Seowon located in Chilgok-gun. Hwasan Seowon is characterized by its relocation and maintenance of Hwasanseodang, its predecessor, to Yeungnam University Folk Village, and the restoration of the Seowon building.
 The Hwasan Seodang clan formed the Hwasan Seowon Preservation Society while restoring Hwasan Seowon. The Hwasan Seowon Preservation Society secured the efficiency of the operation of the seowon by separating all roles related to the seowon from the Hwasan Seodang clan.
 However, the role of this preservation society is rather helping the clan's activities. The formation of the Preservation Society can be seen as the establishment of a dual operating system in a complementary relationship between the Hwasan Seodang clan and the Hwasan Seowon Preservation Society. This is a strategic separation of complementary relationships. In other words, it is a complementary separation.
 In addition to the management of seowon, the role of the preservation society in fair and efficient management of the property of the clan increased due to urbanization is recognized as important.
 This methods of operation of seowon contributes to establishing a modernized identity of ethnic groups in contemporary urban society and securing emotional stability.

NIR‐emitting Electrochromic Windows for Cold Climate Region Buildings

AbstractElectrochromic devices (ECDs) comprising visible/near‐infrared (NIR) transparent amorphous indium zinc oxide (a‐IZO) outermost layers and novel NIR‐emitting electrolytes are proposed for smart windows of buildings in cold climate regions. The electrolytes are composed of a di‐urethane cross‐linked poly(oxyethylene)(POE)/siloxane hybrid matrix (d‐Ut(600), 600 is the average molecular weight of the POE chains in gmol−1), 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, and the Er(tta)3(H2O)2 complex (tta− is 2‐thenoyltrifluoracetonate). The electrolytes, synthesized by sol‐gel route, were obtained as transparent, flexible, and hydrophilic monoliths with nanoscale surface roughness, exhibiting emission in the NIR wavelength region. The first electro‐optical tests, performed in 2019, with an archetypal ECD including amorphous tungsten oxide and crystalline nickel oxide as EC layers, a‐IZO as outermost layers, and d‐Ut(600)400Er(tta)3(H2O)2[Bmim]Cl (400 is the molar ratio of oxyethylene units/Er3+ ion) as the electrolyte, demonstrated rather low coloration efficiency (CEin/CEout) values of −4/+6 cm2 C−1 at 555 nm. After 3 years of storage at rest in the dark and at room temperature, the same device demonstrates a huge performance enhancement, leading to CEin/CEout values about two orders of magnitude higher, apart from higher optical density, and improved cycling stability. In addition, this device offers a bright hot, and semi‐bright warm dual modulation operation suitable for smart windows of skylights, roof lights, upper windows, inclined glazing, and privacy glazing of buildings located in cold climate regions.

Optimizing flexible job shop scheduling with automated guided vehicles using a multi-strategy-driven genetic algorithm

The flexible job scheduling problem with automated guided vehicles (FJSP-AGVs) is a simplified model of some real manufacturing industries. It contains three strongly coupled subproblems: operation sequences assignment, machine selection, and automatic guided vehicle selection, leading to a huge solution space. Its several unresolved challenges, i.e., problem model and algorithmic designing, persist. Therefore, we first adopt the sequence-based modeling method to establish a mixed-integer linear programming model with makespan, and its correctness is verified by using the Gurobi solver. Subsequently, a multi-strategy-driven genetic algorithm (Mult_stra_GA) is proposed based on the implicit features of FJSP-AGVs. In Mult_stra_GA, for the operation sequence (OS) and the machine assignment (MS) subproblems, we design three targeted strategies, i.e., two layer-based encoding and decoding strategy, a multiple heuristics-based initialization strategy, double crossover, and dual mutation operators. Meanwhile, the problem-specific diversity checking and restart strategies are introduced to avoid Mult_stra_GA falling into local optima. Finally, we conduct experiments on four well-known benchmarks. Through the statistical analysis, the outcomes demonstrate that the Mult_stra_GA algorithm exhibits efficacy when contrasted with other advanced algorithms.

Analysis, Modeling and Cascade Operation of Wind Energy Fed Dual Active Bridge Converter Operating in Extended Phase Shift and Single Phase Shift Modes: A Comparative Study

In this work, cascade control of wind energy conversion System (WECS) fed Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter is presented. The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is used to feed the DAB. The real time wind speed data of Muppandal, Tamilnadu, India is fed to the PMSG. The DAB is operated in Extended Phase Shift (EPS) and Single-Phase Shift (SPS) control modes. An outer voltage controller in cascade with an inner current controller is used for closed loop operation of the DAB. The proposed controller is tested for small wind speed variations (13 m/s to 10 m/s) with a step load change and wide changes in wind speed (13 m/s to 8 m/s) accompanied with a step load change. DAB controls the power flow from the WECS to resistive load and its power carrying capability when controlled via the proposed controller is exhibited in the presented work. The proposed configuration controlled via the new cascade EPS controller draws lower power (100 Watts) and offers superior efficiency (85.10%) when compared with cascade SPS controlled microgrid configuration. The cascade controller is tested in MATLAB/Simulink environment and a prototype of DAB is developed in lab for which the cascade controller is tested through the TI-Piccolo-F280049 microcontroller.

Holographic three-point correlators at finite density and temperature

We calculate holographically three-point functions of scalar operators with large dimensions at finite density and finite temperature. To achieve this, we construct new solutions that involve two isometries of the deformed internal space. The novel feature of these solutions is that the corresponding two-point function depends not only on the conformal dimension but also on the difference between the two angular momenta. After identifying the dual operators, we systematically calculate three-point correlators as an expansion in powers of the temperature and the chemical potential. Our analytic perturbative results are in agreement with the exact numerical computation. The three point correlator (when the background contains either temperature or density but not both) is always a monotonic function of the temperature or the chemical potential. However, when both parameters are present the three point correlator is no longer a monotonic function. For fixed finite temperature and small values of the chemical potential a minimum of the three-point function appears. Surprisingly, contributions from the internal space do not depend on the chemical potential or the temperature, as long as those are treated as perturbations.