Dual Mission Research Articles

Direct data–driven strategy for closed-loop aircraft flutter test

PurposeThis new paper aims to extend the authors’ previous contributions about open-loop aircraft flutter test to closed-loop aircraft flutter test by virtue of the proposed direct data–driven strategy. After feeding back the output signal to the input and introducing one feedback controller in the adding feedback loop, two parts, i.e. unknown aircraft flutter model and unknown feedback controller, exist in this closed-loop aircraft flutter system, simultaneously, whose input and output are all corrupted with external noise. Because of the relations between aircraft flutter model parameters and the unknown aircraft model, direct data–driven identification is proposed to identify that aircraft flutter model, then some identification algorithms and their statistical analysis are given through the authors’ own derivations. As the feedback controller can suppress the aircraft flutter or guarantee the flutter response converge to one desired constant value, the direct data–driven control is applied to design that feedback controller only through the observed data sequence directly. Numerical simulation results have demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed direct data–driven strategy. Generally, during our new information age, direct data–driven strategy is widely applied around our living life.Design/methodology/approachFirst, consider one more complex closed loop stochastic aircraft flutter model, whose input–output are all corrupted with external noise. Second, for the identification problem of closed-loop aircraft flutter model parameters, new identification algorithm and some considerations are given to the corresponding direct data–driven identification. Third, to design that feedback controller, existing in that closed-loop aircraft flutter model, direct data–driven control is proposed to design the feedback controller, which suppresses the flutter response actively.FindingsA novel direct data–driven strategy is proposed to achieve the dual missions, i.e. identification and control for closed-loop aircraft flutter test. First, direct data–driven identification is applied to identify that unknown aircraft flutter model being related with aircraft flutter model parameters identification. Second, direct data–driven control is proposed to design that feedback controller.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this new paper extends the authors’ previous contributions about open-loop aircraft flutter test to closed-loop aircraft flutter test by virtue of the proposed direct data–driven strategy. Consider the identification problem of aircraft flutter model parameters within the presented closed loop environment, direct data–driven identification algorithm is proposed to achieve the identification goal. Direct data–driven control is proposed to design the feedback controller, i.e. only using the observed data to design the feedback controller.

The role of governance in enabling the pursuit of dual mission in bank-based impact investing

ABSTRACT Impact investing, defined as direct investments into small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with intentionality to realize social impact and financial returns, simultaneously, has emerged as an attractive, alternative source of entrepreneurial finance in marginalized communities. In this paper, we focus on bank-based impact funds (BBFs), where impact investors and commercial bank partner to create different vehicles of impact investments (managed funds, grants/guarantees or co-financing BBFs) for financing SMEs. Through the theoretical lens of governance, as applied to bank-SME financing and the pursuit of dual mission in social entrepreneurship studies, we develop qualitative case studies in Ghana, uncovering how BBFs enable the pursuit of dual mission by SMEs. The findings are drawn upon to develop a theoretical framework that depicts a unique form of governance as constituting the (i) alignment of the incentives of impact investors and banks to resolve structural and dual-mission tensions in bank-SME financing; and (ii) pre-approval, control and monitoring mechanism necessary for the pursue of the dual mission of financial returns and social impacts in bank-based impact investing. The findings have implications for fund managers, SMEs and policymakers seeking to attract impact investments for private sector-driven development.

Economics at the FTC: Estimating Harm from Deception and Analyzing Mergers

Economists in the U.S. Federal Trade Commission’s Bureau of Economics perform economic analysis in support of the Commission’s dual missions to protect consumers and competition by preventing anticompetitive, deceptive, and unfair business practices through law enforcement, advocacy, and education. This article first presents summaries of analyses that FTC economists performed to estimate the consumer harm from two different types of deception that involved misleading information about lease terms and suppression of negative product reviews. The essay next turns to economic analyses of mergers: We first consider the vertical issues that arose in a semiconductor merger; and then we provide a discussion of how complementarity between hospitals may affect the analysis of hospital mergers.

Stuck between medals and participation: an institutional theory perspective on why sport federations struggle to reach Sport-for-All goals

BackgroundSport-for-All emphasizes that every individual has the right to participate in sport. Despite all efforts to deliver Sport-for-All during the past decades, studies indicate that sport participation rates have been stagnating, whereas social inequalities in sport continue to exist. By applying an institutional theory lens, this study sheds light on how the dual mission of sport federations, i.e., providing Sport-for-All and high performance sport, affects the Sport-for-All projects of Flemish sport federations (e.g., amount of projects and target groups). In particular, Sport-for-All projects have to reduce barriers to engage in the sport system and be supported by a sport federation. Furthermore, this study seeks to better understand the impact of the underlying institutional logic on the institutional pressure and legitimacy of the sport federations.MethodThis study implemented a cross-sectional field study in sport federations. In particular, the sport federations selected for our study are the 47 Flemish sport federations. Both qualitative (i.e., document analysis) and quantitative research methods (i.e., a new questionnaire was developed based on institutional theory) were applied in the study.ResultsResults indicated that sport federations are important partners in support of Sport-for-All projects, but also suggested that there is a discrepancy between the projects of the high performance-oriented and the Sport-for-All-oriented federations. Specifically, the high performance-oriented federations were targeting youth participants, whereas Sport-for-all-oriented federations aimed to reach disadvantaged groups. Furthermore, the results indicated that high performance-oriented federations endured more institutional pressure than Sport-for-All-oriented federations.ConclusionThe results of our study indicated that the Sport-for-All projects of performance-oriented federations are often more superficial compared to Sport-for-All oriented federations, and that the latter federations play an important role in attaining public health targets. Moreover, policymakers should consider how they can optimize the role of the performance-oriented federations in the Sport-for-All delivery (e.g., they could function as a bridge to guide participants who prefer a less competitive setting towards Sport-for-All oriented federations).

Standard operating procedures for biobank in oncology.

Biobanks are biorepositories that collect, process, store, catalog, and distribute human biological samples, and record the associated data. The role and action field of these strategic infrastructures for implementing precision medicine in translational research is continuously evolving. To ensure the optimal quality at all stages of biobanking, specific protocols are required and should be elaborated according to updated guidelines, recommendations, laws, and rules. This article illustrates the standard operating procedures, including protocols, troubleshooting, and quality controls, of a fully certified biobank in a referral Cancer Center. This model involves all clinical departments and research groups to support the dual mission of academic cancer centers, i.e. to provide high-quality care and high-quality research. All biobanking activities based on the type of biological specimens are detailed and the most tricky methodological aspects are discussed, from patients’ informed consent to specimen management.

The influence of social supportive culture and performance-based culture on social enterprise performance: the mediation role of Social entrepreneurial orientation

PurposeSocial enterprise (SE) survival is at stake in pursuing the dual mission (social and economic). For this reason, we try to reconcile the SE growth and sustainability issue through the shaping role of top management team (TMT) involvement along with performance-based (PBC)/ social supportive culture (SSC) and SE performance in the presence of social entrepreneurial orientation, which may enhance the SE internal capabilities that assist them in gaining sustainability and stability for SE.MethodologyIn this study, we employed the quantitative survey approach to investigate the proposed relationship with the 268 valid responses collected from top management teams, including CEOs from small- to medium-sized social enterprises in mainland China.FindingsOur findings support that PBC and SSC enhance SE growth and performance. On the other hand, SEO as the mediator does not impact SSC and SE performance, while SEO partially mediates the PBC and SE performance relationship along with TMT involvement as a moderator.Practical implicationsThis study shows the top management teams that culture is a vital component of SE performance. Likewise, using PBC and SSC simultaneously or utilizing them from specific perspectives of the entrepreneurial process and understanding situational factors that support the impact of each functional behavioral logic increase the chances of SE success.OriginalityThe previous literature wide addresses the influence of PBC and SSC on conventional entrepreneurship, but it does not explicitly address social enterprises: even though social enterprises deal with conventional and social approaches together.

Palestinian Feminism in Israel and the Power of Public Urban Space

Abstract In January 1991, some Palestinian citizens of Israel (formerly Israeli Arabs), mostly young women who came to the city of Haifa from different villages together with some Haifa residents, met to discuss feminism, the status of Palestinian women in Israel, and the need for a feminist organization. Following this meeting, al-Fanar was born as the Palestinian Feminist Organization. During the eight years of its existence, 1991–8, al-Fanar had a dual mission to oppose all the laws and traditions that oppress women and to fight laws discriminating against the Palestinian people. Its ability to act stemmed from its foundation as an urban movement outside the control of the patriarchal familial system. In its activities, al-Fanar exposed the connection between state control, patriarchy, and the reactionary leadership of Arab society in Israel. The climax of this control is the “murder of women in the name of family honor,” against which the al-Fanar’s members fought.

When Passion Meets Expertise: The Effect of Social Entrepreneur Ambidextrous Orientation on Venture

Social entrepreneurs leading for-profit ventures often face the challenge of managing the tensions associated with the dual (social and economic) mission. While managing this tension effectively is considered essential for high performance, not all social entrepreneurs are equally capable to do so. To capture this discrepancy, we introduce a new construct (Social Entrepreneur Ambidextrous Orientation or SEAO) and empirically examine its impact on social venture performance. Drawing from dynamic managerial capability and organizational ambidexterity literatures, we propose that SEAO positively contributes to social venture performance. Furthermore, we argue that this relationship is stronger among firms with organic structure and operate in highly munificent industries. Our analysis of data from 246 U.S. social entrepreneurs provide support for our predictions. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Dual Missions in Ecotourism Management

This study examines the management of ecotourism as a business that has a dual mission. Alternative business management that balances a business-heavy orientation with its social goals. Basically, this ecotourism is not the core business but only a complementary business to the business-heavy of tea plantation. Even though ecotourism is a complementary business, it is able to provide a relatively stable business income and is profitable every year. On the other hand, this ecotourism business is more capable of providing social impacts for many communities. This study uses a qualitative method; conduct in-depth interviews and field observations, field observations and examine secondary data on the tourist destination of Gunung Gambir Jember Agrotourism. The findings of this study found that ecotourism is able to become a business alternative as independent form core business and tends to be profitable. This ecotourism business has a different market segment from its core business. This ecotourism business is able to absorb labor better, separate of labor plantation. The involvement of community groups both directly and indirectly in this business cycle shows that the empowerment model is happening and continues to run. It concludes that the management of ecotourism tourism by involving community groups around plantations to some extent is a business model that is not only profit-oriented. But this business model accommodates many people involved and is not abandoned.

Social Impact: The Role of Authentic Leadership, Compassion and Grit in Social Entrepreneurship

This study examines the influence of leadership on social entrepreneurs; specifically, the impact of authentic leadership, compassion and grit on entrepreneurial processes and performance outcomes with a sample of Americans social entrepreneurs ( n = 284). Entrepreneurial process dimensions include individual innovation, opportunity recognition and social networks, and performance outcomes encompass social and financial performance, capturing dual mission characteristics of social entrepreneurship. The differing impacts of authentic leadership, compassion and grit are demonstrated, where authentic leadership influences all the dependent variables listed above, while compassion has a lesser positive influence on outcomes, except economic performance. Grit, only has a positive influence on innovation and economic performance. This research highlights that authentic leadership through its meaningful engagement is a more effective driver of multiple outcomes in social entrepreneurship, confirming that this new social business form works well with this newer social entrepreneurship leadership style.

A Chronicle of the Application of Differential Privacy to the 2020 Census

In this article, we chronicle the U.S. Census Bureau’s development of the Disclosure Avoidance System (DAS) for the publicly released products of the 2020 Census of Population. We provide a brief history of the Census Bureau’s fulfillment of its dual mission of conducting and disseminating the constitutionally mandated decennial information on the U.S. population and its promise of safeguarding the confidentiality of that information. We discuss the basis for and development of a new DAS for released data products from the 2020 Census and the evidence that emerged from various user communities on the accuracy and usability of data produced under this new DAS. We offer some assessments of this experience, the dilemmas and challenges that the Census Bureau faces for producing usable data while safeguarding the confidentiality of the information it collects, and some recommendations for addressing these challenges in the future.

Factors associated with first-time and repeat blood donation: Adverse reactions and effects on donor behavior.

Blood centers have a dual mission to protect donors and patients; donor safety is paramount to maintaining an adequate blood supply. Elucidating donor factors associated with adverse reactions (AR) is critical to this mission. A retrospective cohort analysis of whole blood donors from 2003 to 2020 was conducted at a single blood center in northern California. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CIs for ARs were estimated via multivariable logistic regression on demographics, donation history, and physical examination data. Where appropriate, Wilcoxon-Rank Sum and chi-squared tests were used to determine significance. First-time blood donors (FTD) exhibited a higher AR rate than repeat donors (4.4% vs. 1.9% p< .0001). When compared with FTDs without AR, FTDs with ARs (FT-AR) were less likely to return (30.0% vs. 47.3%, p< .0001), and, of those who returned, had a higher rate of reaction 20.2% versus 2.8% (p< .001). Factors found to be associated with FT-AR (younger age, increased heart rate, and higher diastolic blood pressure) still correlated positively with AR on return donation, but to a lower degree. FTD who potentially witnessed an AR had a lower return rate (44.6% vs. 47.3%, p= <.001) and donated fewer units (2.38 vs. 3.37, p< .001) when compared to FTD who did not witness an AR. The AR on FTD increases the AR likelihood of return donation. Longitudinal analysis shows that a time-based deferral policy targeted at FT-AR young donors can reduce the number of ARs while not dramatically impacting the blood supply.

Analysing the impact of organisation’s dual mission on the development of social projects and innovation

PurposeHow does organisational mission affect the development of social entrepreneurship and social innovation? Based on the theoretical perspective of social innovation, the aim of this paper is to empirically analyse the impact of the organisation’s dual mission (social and economic) on social entrepreneurship and social innovation, as well as to discover the effect of the latter on the performance of organisations.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from 213 social economy firms, the authors conduct an empirical test of hypotheses using structural equation modelling.FindingsThe empirical study shows that an organisation’s dual mission (social and economic) has a positive effect on social entrepreneurship. However, the results suggest that the creation of social innovations is based more on social dimensions than on the economic interest of companies. The results also confirm that companies willing to embark on social projects can develop new products or services that address social needs.Originality/valueThe findings not only supply empirical evidence that helps clarify the effects of economic and social missions on organisational performance but they also offer guidance to companies on the role of social innovation in strengthening organisations.

Subsidies vs. deposits and cost inefficiency in microfinance

Lending tiny loans to poor clients lacking credit history and enough collateral is an expensive business for microfinance institutions (MFIs). Minimizing cost inefficiency is important if MFIs are to meet their dual mission – outreach and sustainability. This paper evaluates how subsidies and deposit mobilization affect the cost inefficiency of MFIs. We use a rich data set from the Microfinance Information Exchange (MIX) Market consisting of information on 1,582 MFIs in 92 countries for the period 2003 – 2018 and employ a baseline cost stochastic frontier approach, two-step system GMM, and a recently developed test to address endogeneity concerns. The results of our study suggest that subsidies worsen cost inefficiency while deposit-taking reduce it. Deposit-taking, however, may worsen cost inefficiency if an MFI welcomes subsidies and deposits together. Our findings draw a clear policy recommendation for governments and donors regarding the sources of funds and cost inefficiency in microfinance. In light of these results, governments’ adjustments of regulatory framework that allow MFIs to mobilize deposits and donors’ awareness that subsidizing MFIs can be counterproductive seem necessary for the sustainability of the microfinance industry.

The Effect of Faculty Research on Student Learning in College

Whether faculty research affects college student learning has long been the subject of debate. Previous studies use subjective measures of student learning; focus on correlation rather than causation; and typically focus on one college, thus lacking generalizability. Using unique, large-scale survey and assessment data that we collected from nationally representative samples of STEM undergraduates in China, India, and Russia, as well as a causal identification strategy that accounts for differential sorting of students to faculty, we present generalizable estimates of the effect of faculty research on objective, standardized measures of student learning. Results show that faculty research has a negative effect on student learning, suggesting direct trade-offs between the university’s dual mission of producing research and learning.

Mission alignment in the hybrid organization: the role of indirect support activities and an activity ecosystem

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the role a full range of activities can play to combat mission drift in a social enterprise. In doing so, it expands understanding of integrated activities to recognize the role of indirect support activities and an activity ecosystem to sustain mission. This paper also provides practical implications about the process for creating such an ecosystem.Design/methodology/approachThis paper relies on an in-depth qualitative study of a for-profit company that later in life became an employee-owned benefit corporation. Data include interviews, informal and formal company documents and a site visit.FindingsThis paper expands the definition of activity integration to recognize indirect mission support, highlights the role an activity ecosystem plays to ensure the viability of these activities, and identifies a set of rules and a three-step process to create the reinforcing ecosystem.Originality/valueCommonly, activities are integrated if the company earns revenues through pursuit of its social mission and differentiated if the company earns revenues not related to its social mission. By comparison, this paper argues for a more nuanced definition of activities to recognize indirect mission support and its role in reinforcing a dual mission.

Using Action Design Research for Developing and Implementing a Method for Risk Assessment and Continuity Management

This paper presents the results from a longitudinal study aiming at developing and implementing a method integrating principles from Risk Management and Business Continuity Management in its naturalistic organisational setting. Despite the fact that a myriad of real-world constraints and challenges typically arise in the transition from method development to full implementation and use of the method in its intended practical context, systematic and longitudinal investigation of how to attain practical viability and usefulness of such methods is limited and often restricted to small-scale demonstrations in the scientific literature. Research that strives at generating both outcome with high practical relevance and generalisable theoretical insights calls for a methodology that pays equal attention to scientific rigour and practical value. Action Design Research (ADR) represents such methodology, serving the dual mission of advancing theory while at the same time generating knowledge about how to solve organisational problems in practice. In this paper, an ADR approach to method development in a public sector organisation during a period of three and a half years is described, based on data collected through participant observation and focus group discussions. Starting off by formulating design principles guiding the method development, a number of iterative cycles of intervention in the organisational context and evaluation of the use of the method in its intended practical setting were undertaken. The paper outlines the challenges and lessons learned from this process, and shows how the final method was shaped by organisational needs and limitations to ensure practical relevance and use.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ ЕСТЕТИЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ: МІЖ РАДЯНСЬКИМ І КИТАЙСЬКИМ МАРКСИЗМОМ

The article reveals the features of the formation and functioning of aesthetic research in such two areas of Marxism as Soviet and Chinese. The study identified three key stages in the development of aesthetics in Soviet Marxism – the pre-war (the 1920s and 1930s), late Stalinism and the Khrushchev thaw, and the late period (1970-1980s). It should be noted that in the context of Soviet Marxism, the key tasks were that aesthetics becomes influential and in-demand science, included in the program of "technical progress" and "education of the builder of communism", important ideological, aesthetic, and applied field of philosophy. Therefore, in addition to the fact that purely ideological works were developed within the framework of aesthetic discourse, aesthetics itself in Soviet Marxism was able to develop thanks to contacts with semiotics, psychology, anthropology, cultural history, and sociology. Relying on a selective stream of translations of Western philosophies of art, Soviet aesthetics is beginning to resonate with global trends, which is facilitated by the unspoken consensus of the idea of aesthetics as a part of philosophical and humanitarian knowledge that has its own autonomy. Proved that in China culture and the cultural revolution are inextricably linked with the Marxist projects of critiquing capitalist modernity and building alternative modernity. Aesthetics and culture also were at the center of attention in Chinese Marxist circles. In this respect, the diverse practices and designs of Chinese Marxism are similar to those of Western Marxism or an equally distinct variety of Euro-American Marxist intellectual enterprises. Aesthetic Marxism in China had a dual mission – to criticize the internal contradictions of revolutionary hegemony and to offer a constructive vision of culture in a post-revolutionary society. This is the value of Chinese aesthetic Marxism, the implications of which go beyond China proper in the world of global cultural criticism. Moreover, being non-Western, Chinese aesthetic Marxism deliberately questioned the inherent Eurocentrism of Marxism. If this Eurocentrism is to be challenged and problematized, the questions posed by Chinese aesthetic Marxists cannot be ignored.

Adaptive Care and Remote Training: Models of Resilience for GWEPs During a Pandemic

Service and training are interconnected for GWEP’s, whose dual missions are to advance training as well as service delivery to improve the care of older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a pivoting from in-person to remote delivery of program content and services. As a result, older adults and their families require the continuity of services with their providers due to the barriers that the pandemic has created. Additionally, universities and organizations have adapted virtually to teach learners how to work with older adults around different health initiatives. The pandemic required these programs to develop immediate services that provided an alternative to remote delivery services. This collection of GWEP programs utilized students and trainees in their older adult services and initiatives. The goal of this symposium is to demonstrate new models of educational and program delivery to enhance and extend training and service to new audiences. The symposium centers on best practices including technological tools to promote GWEP aims and will allow a discussion of challenges and outcomes faced. The session will be comprised of presentations from five university-based, Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Programs (approximately 12 minutes each), a 20 minute discussion and sharing of best practices, and a 10 minute question/answer session. Individual presentations will address areas that include: 1.) group interventions for dementia and caregivers, 2.) teaching interdisciplinary interns in conducting telehealth visits, 3.) adapting geriatrics regional conferences to reach older adults virtually, and 4.) Developing new programs and services for underserved and underrepresented older adult populations.

Exploring micro-foundations of dynamic capabilities for social enterprises

PurposeSocial enterprises (SEs) operate with a primary goal of meeting a social purpose while creating economic wealth for the fulfillment of their primary mission. These organizations need to develop a certain set of capabilities that facilitates the successful pursuit of their dual mission goals. This paper aims at exploring the micro-foundations of dynamic capabilities (DCs) that enable SEs to recognize and exploit opportunities and reconfigure their resources to pursue their dual-mission goals and adjust with the environmental dynamics.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a multiple case design and an abductive research approach to conduct an in-depth and in-due course investigation of the development of DCs in two distinct SEs selected on the basis of theoretical-purposive sampling and availability of the richness of the information about them.FindingsThis study finds certain generic and exclusive micro-foundations of DCs that contribute to sensing opportunities, seizing opportunities and reconfiguring resources in SEs. The exclusive micro-foundations of DCs of SEs noted in this study are sustainability of beneficiaries, involving beneficiaries in decision-making, defining unique business models and selective suppliers for critical resources.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this study lies in its dependence on retrospective data, which may perhaps influence the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the acquired data. This study, although, implemented the measures to minimize the bias, by supplementing the interview data with archival sources.Practical implicationsTo the researchers, this study proffers an in-depth and in-due course explanation of the micro-foundations of DCs that facilitate SEs to sense opportunities, seize opportunities and reconfigure their resources with time. To practitioners working in the area of social entrepreneurship, this process study is an outline of reference that answers the how and why concerning the importance of micro-foundations of DCs for SEs.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior study has explored the micro-foundations of DCs in the context of SEs from emerging economies. The exclusive micro-foundations of DCs for SEs found in this study are the unique and original contribution that outlines the path for future academic inquiry in this evolving research area.