Dual Influences Research Articles

Silver nanoparticle-induced interface dipole and energy band bending in graphene quantum dot/pentacene FETs: memory window compromise and current modulation

ABSTRACT The introduction of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in a pentacene field effect transistor (FET) device structure notably improved the on/off ratio, demonstrating a significant memory window. This indicates that GQDs are effective in enhancing carrier retention properties. However, the subsequent introduction of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) between the pentacene layer and GQDs led to a significant decrease in the memory window and a far smaller on/off ratio. This decrease is primarily attributed to an increase in the “off” current, suggesting a detrimental impact of Ag NPs on the device performance. The formation of an interface dipole at the Ag NPs-GQDs interface appears to be the main factor behind this effect, influencing the energy band bending and altering the flat band energy. The integration of Ag NPs into the device not only modifies the threshold voltage and elevates the “off” current through interface dipole effects, but also considerably diminishes the “on” current. This reduction is attributed to the dual influences of reduced carrier concentration resulting from screening phenomena and the obstruction of charge movement caused by interfacial scattering. This twofold effect on both the “on” and “off” currents underscores the complex influence of Ag NPs in regulating the electronic behavior of the FET device.

Examining the Effects of Different Types of Achievement Goal Orientation on Undergraduate Students' Engagement in Distance Learning: The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy.

This study investigates the impact and mechanisms of achievement goal orientation on online learning engagement among undergraduates, using a sample of 461 students enrolled in online courses from four universities of varying levels in Shanghai, China. Self-efficacy is introduced as a mediating variable, and structural equation modeling is employed to assess the effects. The findings reveal that different types of achievement goals have varying natures and intensities in their associations with undergraduate online learning engagement. Self-efficacy partially mediates the effect of mastery-approach goals on online learning engagement, but does not mediate the effects of mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, or performance-avoidance goals. The study recommends leveraging the guiding role of mastery-approach achievement goals to help students set scientific and reasonable goals, and stimulating students' self-efficacy through the dual influences of external support and internal motivation. With the support of these strategies, significant improvements in undergraduate online learning engagement can be achieved.

Technological advancement and inclusive finance: Dual influences on environmental quality in OECD countries

Employing the Method of Moments Quantile Regression alongside fixed effects (FE) for robustness and incorporating an interaction term between technological advancement (TA) and financial inclusion (FIN), the results reveal that while TA enhances environmental quality, the FIN∗TA weakens this positive effect across quantiles. GDP and TO consistently show negative impacts on LCF. EP, however, emerges as a significant positive factor, particularly in more advanced economies. Incorporating the log(FIN2) demonstrates that financial inclusion's environmental benefits intensify in higher quantiles. Findings emphasize the importance of sustainable technological innovation, strategically integrating financial inclusion, regulating trade and economic activities, and enhancing energy productivity to achieve environmental sustainability.

Individual Importance Classification of Urban Stormwater Channel Networks: A Novel Approach Based on Permutation and Algebraic Graph Theory

The frequency and intensity of urban flooding continuously increase due to the dual influences of climate change and urbanization. Conducting individual importance classification of urban stormwater channel networks (USCNs) is of significant importance for alleviating urban flooding and facilitating targeted stormwater management implementation. However, a quantitative classification method is lacking for trellis networks, which are a common type of USCN. This study proposed a novel importance classification methodology for channel segments in most types of USCNs, especially suitable for trellis networks, based on permutation and algebraic graph theory. The concept of permutation was integrated into the methodology to measure the importance of each channel segment to the USCN. Algebraic graph theory was employed to quantify the topological structure and hydraulic characteristics of the USCN. To verify the applicability and rationality of the proposed methodology, a real-world city with trellis USCNs in China (i.e., Huai’an) was selected as the study area. Seventy channel segments in the USCN were efficiently classified into three categories based on individual importance. This study provided a decision-support methodology from the perspective of individual importance classification in the USCN and offered valuable reference for urban flooding managers.

From Function to Relation: Exploring the Dual Influences of Warmth and Competence on Generative Artificial Intelligence Services in the Hospitality Industry

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as a transformative force in the rapidly-evolving hospitality industry. This study examined the correlation of acceptance of GenAI services with perceived warmth and competence, and the consequent correlations with customer outcomes in the hospitality industry. Employing a Hospitality Service Dialogue System prototype, this study collected responses from 1,306 hotel guests. Perceptions of warmth and competence correlated with increased customer intention to use GenAI services and satisfaction. Satisfaction correlated significantly with customer–brand identification and attachment. The Technology Readiness Index moderated the relationships of warmth and competence with the acceptance of GenAI services. This investigation extends the stereotype content model and the behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes map framework by integrating them with the technology acceptance literature, unveiling service innovations enabled by technology in the hospitality industry. This study provides hotel managers, technology developers, and marketers with strategic directions for implementing GenAI.

The impact of agglomeration on CO2 emissions in China's transport sector: A spatial econometric analysis

The long-term processes of urbanization and industrialization have led to the agglomeration of population and industry, fostering economic development while introducing opportunities and challenges for carbon reduction in transport. This paper integrates the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology Model with the Spatial Durbin Model to assess the effects of population agglomeration and industrial agglomeration on transport carbon dioxide emissions. The empirical results show that a 1% increase in population agglomeration decreases local transport carbon dioxide emissions by 1.7065% and generates a spillover effect of 1.0542% in surrounding areas. In contrast, industrial agglomeration increases regional transport carbon dioxide emissions by an average of 0.3308% without significant spillover effects. Furthermore, economic agglomeration exhibits an N-shaped relationship with transport carbon dioxide emissions, reflecting the dual influences of the "economic effect" and the "congestion effect". Mechanism analysis reveals that both types of agglomeration can modulate the impact of infrastructure development on transport carbon dioxide emissions, suggesting that effective infrastructure planning can help alleviate the negative environmental impacts. This study provides a spatial mode for understanding the synergistic effects of population planning, industrial development, and environmental improvement, offering significant reference value for policymakers in the decision-making related to low-carbon transport development.

Bridging Built Environment Attributes and Perceived City Images: Exploring Dual Influences on Resident Satisfaction in Revitalizing Post-Industrial Neighborhoods

The deterioration of physical spaces and changes in the social environment have led to significant challenges and low life satisfaction among residents in post-industrial neighborhoods. While resident satisfaction is closely linked to the built environment, physical attributes alone do not directly influence human feelings. The perception and processing of urban environments, or city images, play a critical mediating role. Previous studies have often explored the impact of either city image perception or physical space attributes on resident satisfaction separately, lacking an integrated approach. This study addresses this gap by examining the interplay between subjective perceptions and objective environmental attributes. Unlike previous studies that use the whole neighborhood area for human perception, our study uses the actual activity ranges of residents to represent the living environment. Utilizing data from Shenyang, China, and employing image semantic segmentation technology and multiple regression methods, we analyze how subjective city image factors influence resident satisfaction and how objective urban spatial indicators affect these perceptions. We integrate these aspects to rank objective spatial indicators by their impact on resident satisfaction. The results demonstrate that all city image factors significantly and positively influence resident satisfaction, with the overall impression of the area’s appearance having the greatest impact (β = 0.362). Certain objective spatial indicators also significantly affect subjective city image perceptions. For instance, traffic lights are negatively correlated with the perception of greenery (β = −0.079), while grass is positively correlated (β = 0.626). Key factors affecting resident satisfaction include pedestrian flow, traffic flow, open spaces, sky openness, and green space levels. This study provides essential insights for urban planners and policymakers, helping prioritize sustainable updates in post-industrial neighborhoods. By guiding targeted revitalization strategies, this research contributes to improving the quality of life and advancing sustainable urban development.

Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Runoff in the Upper Reach of Jialing River, China

In recent years, the runoff of numerous rivers has experienced substantial changes owing to the dual influences of climate change and human activities. This study focuses on the Lixian hydrological station’s controlled basin, located in the upper reaches of the Jialing River in China. The objective is to assess and quantify the impacts of human activities and climate change on runoff variations. This study analyzed runoff variations from 1960 to 2016 and employed the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, the long short-term memory (LSTM) model, and eight Budyko framework formulations to assess factors influencing runoff. Additionally, it used the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) and SWAT models to simulate future runoff scenarios under various conditions. The results indicate the following. (1) The study area has witnessed a significant decline in runoff (p < 0.01), while potential evapotranspiration shows a significant upward trend (p < 0.01). Precipitation displays a nonsignificant decreasing trend (p > 0.1). An abrupt change point in runoff occurred in 1994, dividing the study period into baseline and change periods. (2) The Budyko results reveal that human activities contributed 50% to 60% to runoff changes. According to the SWAT and LSTM models, the contribution rates of human activities are 63.21% and 52.22%, respectively. Human activities are thus identified as the predominant factor in the decline in runoff. (3) Human activities primarily influence runoff through land cover changes. Conservation measures led to a notable increase in forested areas from 1990 to 2010, representing the most significant change among land types. (4) Future land use scenarios suggest that the highest simulated runoff occurs under a comprehensive development scenario, while the lowest is observed under an ecological conservation scenario. Among the 32 future climate scenarios, runoff increases significantly with a 10% increase in precipitation and decreases substantially with a 15% reduction in precipitation. These findings underscore the significant impact of human activities and climate change on runoff variations in the upper reaches of the Jialing River, highlighting the importance of incorporating both factors in water resource management and planning.

Nonlinear instability of surface waves between viscous–liquid and subsonic‐gas layers subject to uniform oblique magnetic field

AbstractNonlinear instability of surface waves between viscous–liquid and inviscid‐gas layers is discussed. The two fluids are magnetic and subjected to uniform oblique magnetic field. The gas is subsonic and the viscosity is introduced by viscous potential approximation. The evolution equations near and on the marginal state are derived by means of multiple scales technique. The stability criteria of the waves are obtained by the modulation idea. Many special cases of dispersion equation as well as solvability conditions correspond well the similar ones in the literature. Various numerical applications have been investigated to reveal the parameters effects on the system stability. Linear results show dual influences for magnetic field, sum of inclination angles and permeability ratio whereas the wavelength, gas motion, and inclination angle in the liquid tend to destabilize the flow. Nonlinear applications reveal dual role for the gas thickness, while it has a linear stable‐role. Moreover, nonlinearity shows dual roles for viscosity and liquid thickness, which have no influences according to linear theory. The investigation of stability using nonlinear theory seems more accurate to describe the (un)stable influences comparing with the linear one. The current work may be useful to give more accurate comprehension of stability process as well as to obtain the required conditions of stability by designing suitable devices, which control the model parameters.

Genetic and Genomic Pathways to Improved Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yields: A Review

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a fundamental crop essential for both human and animal consumption. Addressing the challenge of enhancing wheat yield involves sophisticated applications of molecular genetics and genomic techniques. This review synthesizes current research identifying and characterizing pivotal genes that impact traits such as grain size, number, and weight, critical factors influencing overall yield. Key genes including TaSPL17, ABP7, TaGNI, TaCKX6, TaGS5, TaDA1, WAPO1, TaRht1, TaTGW-7A, TaGW2, TaGS5-3A, TaSus2-2A, TaSus2-2B, TaSus1-7A, and TaSus1-7B are examined for their roles in these traits. The review also explores genes responsive to environmental changes, which are increasingly significant under current climate variability. Multi-trait regulatory genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that contribute to these traits are discussed, highlighting their dual influences on grain size and yield. Furthermore, the paper underscores the utility of emerging technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9, Case13, and multi-omics approaches. These innovations are instrumental for future discoveries and are poised to revolutionize wheat breeding by enabling precise genetic enhancements. Facing unprecedented challenges from climate change, the identification and utilization of these candidates is crucial. This review aims to be a comprehensive resource for researchers, providing an integrative understanding of complex traits in wheat and proposing new avenues for research and crop improvement strategies.

Bacteria-organelle communication in physiology and disease.

Bacteria, omnipresent in our environment and coexisting within our body, exert dual beneficial and pathogenic influences. These microorganisms engage in intricate interactions with the human body, impacting both human health and disease. Simultaneously, certain organelles within our cells share an evolutionary relationship with bacteria, particularly mitochondria, best known for their energy production role and their dynamic interaction with each other and other organelles. In recent years, communication between bacteria and mitochondria has emerged as a new mechanism for regulating the host's physiology and pathology. In this review, we delve into the dynamic communications between bacteria and host mitochondria, shedding light on their collaborative regulation of host immune response, metabolism, aging, and longevity. Additionally, we discuss bacterial interactions with other organelles, including chloroplasts, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Can We Hug? The vibrancy and vicissitudes of patients in person: Sifting through the rubble of Covid

ABSTRACT This article sets forth how the dual influences of the shared emotional trauma of the pandemic plus the structure of the two dimensionality of remote analytic work led to triumphant first meetings when we returned to an in-person setting. I deconstruct the cascade of assaults on our lifestyles and our psyches resulting from the forced lockdown during the Covid pandemic. The paper braids together two unexpectedly affecting experiences of meeting in-person in 2022 and 2023 against the backdrop of the pandemic. One was with an individual patient and the other was with a class of advanced analytic candidates. I describe how, at long last, having the opportunity to meet our patients, students, and colleagues again elicited profound and overwhelming feelings, from anxiety and self-consciousness to delight and joy.

Persistence or disappearance dynamics of a vector-borne disease model with climate change and distributed delay

This paper is concerned with the dual influences of climate change and distributed delay on dynamics of a vector-borne disease model. Compared to the previous works, the effect of climate change in a latent infection model is first considered since it increases the viral transmission probability of cross species. To deal with the non-monotonicity and heterogeneity of the model, we use some new ideas to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics. The theoretical analyses suggest that three scenarios will occur as follows (i) If the disease persistence ahead of the climate change, the disease will die out by limiting the propagation speed of susceptible or infected individuals. (ii) The emergence of pulse type epidemic wave is obtained, which means the disease switches rapidly between persistence and disappearance. (iii) If susceptible individuals track the speed of climate change while infected individuals do not, the disease cannot evolve to the endemic disease.

Immune characteristics of kidney transplant recipients with acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by COVID-19 at single-cell resolution

BackgroundCOVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can result in tissue damage and multiple organ dysfunction, especially in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) receiving immunosuppressive drugs. Presently, single-cell research on COVID-19-induced ARDS is considerably advanced, yet knowledge about ARDS in KTRs is still constrained.MethodsSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed to construct a comprehensive single-cell immune landscape of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of eight patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS, five KTRs with COVID-19-induced ARDS, and five healthy individuals. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, including cell clustering, enrichment analysis, trajectory analysis, gene regulatory network analysis, and cell–cell interaction analysis, to investigate the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment in KTRs with ARDS.ResultOur study revealed that KTRs exhibit significant heterogeneity with COVID-19-induced ARDS compared with those of other individuals, with significant reductions in T cells, as well as an abnormal proliferation of B cells and monocytes. In the context of dual influences from immunosuppression and viral infection, KTRs exhibited more specific plasma cells, along with significant enrichment of dysfunctional GZMB and XAF1 double-positive effector T cells and IFI27-positive monocytes. Additionally, robust communication existed among T cells and monocytes in cytokine signaling. These effects impede the process of immune reconstitution in KTR patients.ConclusionOur findings suggest that KTRs with COVID-19-induced ARDS show elevated antibody levels, impaired T cell differentiation, and dysregulation of innate immunity. In summary, this study provides a theoretical foundation for a comprehensive understanding of COVID-19-induced ARDS in KTRs.

The potential applications of artificially modified exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in tumor therapy.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have tumor-homing ability and play critical roles in tumor treatment, but their dual influences on tumor progression limit their therapeutic applications. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-exosomes) exhibit great potential in targeted tumor treatment due to their advantages of high stability, low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, long circulation time and homing characteristics. Furthermore, the artificial modification of MSC-exosomes could amplify their advantages and their inhibitory effect on tumors and could overcome the limit of tumor-promoting effect. In this review, we summarize the latest therapeutic strategies involving artificially modified MSC-exosomes in tumor treatment, including employing these exosomes as nanomaterials to carry noncoding RNAs or their inhibitors and anticancer drugs, and genetic engineering modification of MSC-exosomes. We also discuss the feasibility of utilizing artificially modified MSC-exosomes as an emerging cell-free method for tumor treatment and related challenges.

Mechanisms of synthetic lethality between BRCA1/2 and 53BP1 deficiencies and DNA polymerase theta targeting

A synthetic lethal relationship exists between disruption of polymerase theta (Polθ), and loss of either 53BP1 or homologous recombination (HR) proteins, including BRCA1; however, the mechanistic basis of these observations are unclear. Here we reveal two distinct mechanisms of Polθ synthetic lethality, identifying dual influences of 1) whether Polθ is lost or inhibited, and 2) the underlying susceptible genotype. Firstly, we find that the sensitivity of BRCA1/2- and 53BP1-deficient cells to Polθ loss, and 53BP1-deficient cells to Polθ inhibition (ART558) requires RAD52, and appropriate reduction of RAD52 can ameliorate these phenotypes. We show that in the absence of Polθ, RAD52 accumulations suppress ssDNA gap-filling in G2/M and encourage MRE11 nuclease accumulation. In contrast, the survival of BRCA1-deficient cells treated with Polθ inhibitor are not restored by RAD52 suppression, and ssDNA gap-filling is prevented by the chemically inhibited polymerase itself. These data define an additional role for Polθ, reveal the mechanism underlying synthetic lethality between 53BP1, BRCA1/2 and Polθ loss, and indicate genotype-dependent Polθ inhibitor mechanisms.

Dual influences of deformation-induced W precipitates on dynamic recrystallization and fracture mechanism of the hot-extruded Mg-Y-Zn alloys: An experimental and phase field study

Understanding the relationship between nano-sized precipitates and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) during thermo-mechanical processing is vital for developing high-performance Mg-based alloys. This work uses experiment and phase field model to investigate the dynamic precipitation of W particles and DRX grains in the hot-extruded Mg98.5Y1Zn0.5 alloys at 360, 380 and 400 °C and clarifies the fracture mechanisms in detail. The results reveal that under all temperatures, the hot-extruded Mg98.5Y1Zn0.5 alloys are composed of block 18R long-period stacking order (LPSO) phase, lamellar 14H-LPSO phase, W particles and a typical bimodal structure containing fine DRX grains and coarse non-DRX grains. Noted that the W particles not only promote the DRX nucleation by hindering dislocation motion to increase elastic energy, but also inhibit the growth of DRX grains by pinning grain boundaries during deformation. In addition, the strength decreases while the plasticity increases with increasing temperature for the hot-extruded Mg98.5Y1Zn0.5 alloys, but an excellent strength-plasticity balance is achieved at 400 °C. More importantly, analyzing the crack extension in non-DRX, DRX and non-DRX/DRX coexistence regions shows that a ductile-brittle fracture mechanism dominates in the non-DRX regions due to the difficulty of basal slip and low fracture toughness. But a hole-joining fracture mechanism dominates in the DRX regions. The fracture mechanism in the non-DRX/DRX coexistence region is mainly determined by the DRX volume fraction. These results can provide insights and valuable references for developing high-performance Mg-based alloys.

Weighted pseudo [formula omitted]-almost periodic sequence solution and guaranteed cost control for discrete-time and discrete-space stochastic inertial neural networks

This article considers the dual hybrid influences of both discrete spatial diffusions and discrete time in a stochastic inertial neural networks via the methods of exponential Euler difference and second order central finite difference. Based on a non-decomposed constant variation formula, and the theories of semi-flow and metric dynamical systems, the existence of a unique weighted pseudo θ-almost periodic sequence solution is addressed to the discrete space and time stochastic inertial neural networks. Further, a guaranteed cost controller is designed to complete a global exponential stabilization for this discrete networks by establishing a framework of drive, response and error networks. Meanwhile, global exponential stability in the sense of mean square is achieved as well. This discussion is pioneering in considering discrete spatial diffusions in inertial neural networks and offers the studying bases for future researches.

Exploring the Visual Attention Mechanism of Long-Distance Driving in an Underground Construction Cavern: Eye-Tracking and Simulated Driving

Prolonged driving is necessary in underground construction caverns to transport materials, muck, and personnel, exposing drivers to high-risk and complex environments. Despite previous studies on attention and gaze prediction at tunnel exit-inlet areas, a significant gap remains due to the neglect of dual influences of long-distance driving and complex cues. To address this gap, this study establishes an experimental scenario in a construction environment, utilizing eye-tracking and simulated driving to collect drivers’ eye movement data. An analysis method is proposed to explore the visual change trend by examining the evolution of attention and calculating the possibility of visual cues being perceived at different driving stages to identify the attentional selection mechanism. The findings reveal that as driving time increases, fixation time decreases, saccade amplitude increases, and some fixations transform into unconscious saccades. Moreover, a phenomenon of “visual adaptation” occurs over time, reducing visual sensitivity to environmental information. At the start of driving, colorful stimuli and safety-related information compete for visual resources, while safety-related signs, particularly warning signs, always attract drivers’ attention. However, signs around intense light are often ignored. This study provides a scientific basis for transport safety in the construction environment of underground caverns.

Evaluation of water-land resources regulation potential in the Yiluo River Basin, China

Our study was designed to spatially assess the regulation potential of watershed water-land resources, and determine its regulation objectives for subsequent optimal allocation. We centred around the Yiluo River Basin, being a soil conservation demonstration plot in the middle course of the Yellow River Basin. In accordance with the criteria of the green development, the high efficiency and the safety, the evaluation system of water-land resources regulation potential was established. Then the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was applied to assess the watershed water-land resources during 2001–2020 and 2030–2050, and the evaluation results were represented by the eigenvalue T. The research findings pointed out that the assessment grade of watershed water-land resources was mainly moderate and better state, and presented significant spatial agglomeration features in the historical and forecast years. In the context of dual influences of climatic variation and water-land resources exploitation, the assessment eigenvalue T of watershed water-land resources increased by 6% in the historical periods, and decreased by 4.57 ∼ 7.74% in the future periods. Based on the assessment results, it was recommended to restrict the water-land resources exploitation in the upstream, control the soil erosion in the midstream, and coordinate the relationship between the exploitation and protection of water-land resources in the lower reaches. Our study offers scientific evidence for the elaborate regulation of watershed water-land resources.