Dual Indices Research Articles

Neutralization of CD40 ligand costimulation promotes bone formation and accretion of vertebral bone mass in mice.

Immunosuppressive biologics are used in the management of RA and additional immunomodulators are under investigation including modulators of the CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) costimulation pathway. Tampering with immune function can have unanticipated skeletal consequences due to disruption of the immuno-skeletal interface, a nexus of shared cells and cytokine effectors serving discrete functions in both immune and skeletal systems. In this study, we examined the effect of MR1, a CD40L neutralizing antibody, on physiological bone remodelling in healthy mice. Female C57BL6 mice were treated with MR1 and BMD was quantified by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and indices of trabecular bone structure were quantified by micro-CT. Serum biochemical markers were used to evaluate bone turnover and formation indices by histomorphometry. Unexpectedly, MR1 stimulated significant accretion of BMD and trabecular bone mass in the spine, but not in long bones. Surprisingly, bone accretion was accompanied by a significant increase in bone formation, rather than suppression of bone resorption. Mechanistically, MR1-induced bone accrual was associated with increased Treg development and elevated production of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, a costimulation inhibitor that promotes T cell anergy and CD8+ T cell expression of the bone anabolic ligand Wnt-10b. Our studies reveal an unexpected bone anabolic activity of pharmacological CD40L suppression. Therapeutic targeting of the CD40L pathway may indeed have unforeseen consequences for the skeleton, but may also constitute a novel strategy to promote bone formation to ameliorate osteoporotic bone loss and reduce fracture risk in the axial skeleton.

Impact of receiver and constellation on high rate GNSS phase rate measurements to monitor ionospheric irregularities

High rate (1Hz) GPS and GLONASS phase rate measurements from the global Real Time International GNSS Service (RT-IGS) network are used to monitor ionospheric irregularities. In this paper, impact of different receiver types and satellite constellations on GNSS-derived indices are studied. Constellation dependent background phase noise is quantified at RT-IGS stations for different receiver categories. Improved sampling of the ionosphere is achieved using multiple constellations. Correlation of hourly mean values of dual constellation GNSS indices with hourly magnetic ranges at a co-located auroral magnetic observatory slightly increased compared to when single constellation is used.

Relationships among diet, physical activity, and dual plane dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone outcomes in pre-pubertalgirls.

Childhood development sets the baseline for adult fracture risk. Most studies evaluate development using postero-anterior (PA) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) areal bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone mineral apparent density. In a prior analysis, we demonstrated that PA DXA reflects posterior element properties, rather than vertebral body fracture sites, such that loading is associated with subtle differences in vertebral body geometry, not 3D density. The current analysis is restricted to pre-pubertal girls, for a focused exploration of key nutrient intakes and physical activity as factors in dual plane indices of vertebral body geometry, density, and strength. This cross-sectional analysis used paired PA and supine lateral (LAT) lumbar spine DXA scans to assess "3D" vertebral body bone mineral apparent density (PALATBMAD), "3D" index of structural strength in axial compression (PALATIBS), and fracture risk index (PALATFRI). Diet data were collected using the Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ, 1995); organized physical activity was recorded via calendar-based form. Pearson correlations and backward stepwise multiple linear regression analyzed associations among key nutrients, physical activity, and bone outcomes. After accounting for activity and key covariates, fiber, unsupplemented vitamin B12, zinc, carbohydrate, vitamin C, unsupplemented magnesium, and unsupplemented calcium intake explained significant variance for one or more bone outcomes (p<0.05). After adjustment for influential key nutrients and covariates, activity exposure was associated with postero-anterior (PA) areal bone mineral density, PA bone mineral content, PA width, lateral (LAT) BMC, "3D" bone cross-sectional area (coronal plane), "3D"PALATIBS, and PALATFRI benefits (p<0.05). Physical activity, fiber intake, and unsupplemented B12 intake appear to influence vertebral body bone mass, density, geometry, and strength in well-nourished pre-pubertal girls; high fiber intakes may adversely affect childhood vertebral body growth.

A dual-energy-demand-indices-based evaluation procedure of damage-control frame structures with energy dissipation fuses

The primary objective of this research is to extend energy balance concept in seismic behavior evaluation of low-to-medium rise frame systems with energy dissipation fuses dominated by racking deformations. At its core, energy demand indices under ground motions considering both peak responses and cumulative responses are quantified to develop a dual-energy-demand-indices-based procedure for damage-control behavior evaluation. Firstly, based on the experimentally validated hysteretic feature and representative ground motion ensembles, a parametric study is conducted considering the demand indices of the energy factor and the cumulative ductility. Results of the indices distribution and dispersion are presented in detail. Subsequently, a stepwise procedure that accounts for the peak demand and the cumulative demand is constructed. Then, the procedure is applied in prototype structures for validation. Results indicate that the consideration of dual energy demand indices is necessary for evaluation of systems with fuses, and these indices are influenced by structural nonlinear parameters and ground motions properties. The procedure based on the dual energy demand indices can be used to evaluate the structural damage-control behavior with satisfactory accuracy considering the peak response, the cumulative response, and the energy distribution along stories.

Comparison of XReal and XDMA for Keyword Search in XML Databases: A Case Study

More research works have been carried out in the area of keyword search on XML databases. This is mainly because of the fact that users do not require knowledge of database schema and query language to search XML databases based on keyword queries. In the recent past, XReal and XDMA are the most prominent keyword search approaches for XML databases. Both XReal and XDMA make use of the numerical facts and hierarchical structure of XML databases. Never the less, these approaches are not reliant on schema information of XML data. In XReal, term frequency and document frequency have been mainly utilized. However, XDMA employs dual indices and mutual summation with the use of the frequency of keyword matching tags and data. In this paper, we discuss briefly the very important aspects of these approaches. Also, we compare these two keyword search approaches based on their methodologies and experimental results. It is found that both XReal and XDMA are generally effective XML keyword search approaches. Moreover, XDMA is comparatively slower than XReal for larger XML datasets. Notably, XDMA has identified a new keyword ambiguity and also addressed all ambiguities.

Dual indices for prioritizing investment in decentralized HIV services at Nigerian primary health care facilities.

Decentralizing health services, including those for HIV prevention and treatment, is one strategy for maximizing the use of limited resources and expanding treatment options; yet few methods exist for systematically identifying where investments for service expansion might be most effective, in terms of meeting needs and rapid availability of improved services. The Nigerian Government, the United States Government under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program and other donors are expanding services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV to primary health care facilities in Nigeria. Nigerian primary care facilities vary greatly in their readiness to deliver HIV/AIDS services. In 2012, MEASURE Evaluation assessed 268 PEPFAR-supported primary health care facilities in Nigeria and developed a systematic method for prioritizing these facilities for expansion of PMTCT services. Each assessed facility was scored based on two indices with multiple, weighted variables: one measured facility readiness to provide PMTCT services, the other measured local need for the services and feasibility of expansion. These two scores were compiled and the summary score used as the basis for prioritizing facilities for PMTCT service expansion. The rationale was that using need and readiness to identify where to expand PMTCT services would result in more efficient allocation of resources. A review of the results showed that the indices achieved the desired effect—that is prioritizing facilities with high need even when readiness was problematic and also prioritizing facilities where rapid scale-up was feasible. This article describes the development of the two-part index and discusses advantages of using this approach when planning service expansion. The authors' objective is to contribute to development of methodologies for prioritizing investments in HIV, as well as other public health arenas, that should improve cost-effectiveness and strengthen services and systems in resource-limited countries.

Public Pain Private Gain: An Analysis of Moonlighting of Public Health Professionals

The present paper provides new causal evidence that private practice of public health professionals may encourage moonlighting with implications for the provision of public health services. Our identification strategy relies on the introduction of the 1997 Ministry of Health Regulation 916 in Indonesia that requires health professionals to apply for license for private practice after three years of graduation. Arguing that the timing of obtaining the license for private practice is random after the 1997 regulation, we use four rounds of puskesmas-level Indonesian Family Life Survey data over a period of 1993 to 2007 from their heads to assess the impact of private practice on dual practitioner's public labour supply indices. We employ a difference-in-difference regression discontinuity design with a view to test the validity of moonlighting hypotheses. Results are robust and suggest that private practice is associated with significantly higher number of public patients seen, but lower hours worked per week by the dual practitioner heads. We also show that the result is driven by those for the urban region where we expect the results to be stronger, thus allaying concerns for omitted factors and confounding events around 1997. Finally we show that the number of patients seen by the dual practitioner head is correlated with the referral of public patients to private clinics. The results can be attributed to the weak incentive mechanism for the heads of the puskesmas who are unlikely to be fired even if caught shirking, thus limiting the effectiveness of the regulation to redress the problems of moonlighting.

Analysis of Water Resource Carrying Capacity in the Ecological Economic Zone of Dongting Lake

In this study, the supportable maximum GDP/ population and the water poverty status were analyzed using the dual indices calculation model and the water poverty index in the Ecological Economic Zone of Dongting Lake in the different planning level years. The results showed that the supportable maximum GDP and population keep on increasing in the Ecological Economic Zone of Dongting Lake in the planning level years, and that in the Yueyang, Changde and Yiyang was the three maximum. On the other hands, the water poverty status in the Ecological Economic Zone of Dongting Lake was improved in the planning level years since the water conservancy project construction, the incremental water supply and the pollutants abatement. Key words: Water Resource Carrying Capacity; Dual Indices Calculation Model; Water Poverty Index; Ecological Economic Zone of Dongting Lake

Having it All in the Belle Époque: How French Women’s Magazines Invented the Modern Woman par Rachel Mesch

of Saül. In this chapter, Lestringant also considers the often-overlooked subject of the nude photographs Gide took of young male subjects mostly en berger while in Rome in the winter of 1898, which Lestringant likens to the photography of Wilhelm von Gloeden. This blend of literary and social history provides salient analyses of this important period of Gide’s life. Slightly longer and consisting of twenty chapters, the second volume is Lestringant’s greatest contribution to Gidian studies in that it poses as the first biography to consider in great detail the second half of Gide’s life. Part one,“Le contemporain capital,” consists of five chapters, each portraying with subtle tenderness Gide’s changing aesthetic. In the following sections, readers will appreciate Lestringant’s treatment of Gide’s entanglements in and out of Africa. Much attention is afforded to the year 1939, marked by the publication of “le grand œuvre littéraire de Gide”: Journal 1889–1939. The section devoted to Gide’s Carnets d’Égypte is particularly illuminating, offering new insight into the erotics of Gide’s imaginary, posing, according to Lestringant, as a sequel to Corydon. Lestringant’s fluid writing style, coupled with extensive notes at the end of both volumes,as well as dual indices,renders the work user-friendly to a wide variety of readers at the university level. Lestringant traces Gide’s life and literature without muddying his investigation with harsh judgment, deductive commentary, or a prohibitively complex structure. University of Miami Walter S. Temple Mesch, Rachel. Having it All in the Belle Époque: How French Women’s Magazines Invented the Modern Woman. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2013. ISBN 978-0-8047-84245 . Pp. xii + 241. $39.95. Mesch seeks to answer the oft-posed question‘was there a Belle Époque for women?’ by examining two ground-breaking magazines, Femina and La Vie Heureuse (launched in 1901 and 1902, respectively) which “offer an ideal vantage point from which to examine this moment of society in transition: poised to accept women in more powerful , visible roles than ever before, but not always certain as to how to imagine them inhabiting those roles” (4). Mesch uses the term ‘Belle Époque literary feminism’ to describe the magazines’unique stance of disavowing feminist movements—considered a threat to traditional values—while expanding opportunities for women. This feminism was above all “a work of imagination,” an exploration, carried out by men and women alike, of “what the fully realized modern woman could be” (8). In part one Mesch discusses the ways text and image created “a shared fantasy of modern femininity”(27), before turning, in part two, to the magazines’reception and influence. Of particular note are her analyses of differences between the magazines (photos of a woman writer in Femina would show her at a desk, for instance, aligning her “with a visual trope associated with the authority of the grand homme”[61], whereas those in La Vie Heureuse would have her on a sofa with children nearby, emphasizing the 226 FRENCH REVIEW 88.2 Reviews 227 “perfect conjugation of woman and writer through visual emphasis on her domestic fealty”[82]); of the disjunction between the women’s press and mainstream media; of the efforts to make the “chères lectrices” feel like collaborators rather than observers; and especially of the “interactive, almost symbiotic relationship” (27) between the magazines and popular women’s novels such as Marcelle Tinayre’s La rebelle and Louise Marie Compain’s L’un vers l’autre, both “feminist fables” (131) from which a rather paradoxical feminism emerges. Just how expertly Mesch navigates the “contradictory ideological terrain” of Belle Époque literary feminism, where a selfdeclared feminist can call her partner “master” if doing so might reconcile love, marriage, feminism, and femininity without requiring a choice between them (138) cannot be over-emphasized. In her conclusion Mesch grapples with a sobering reality: changes that seemed so nigh during the magazines’ heyday (suffrage, a more equal legal definition of marriage, the“academization”of women) would not be achieved for decades. But she argues convincingly for the significance of the magazines’“dreaming” and the momentous ideological shift it represents (187). Femina and La Vie Heureuse stand...

Improving the capability to provide integrated mental health and substance abuse services in a state system of outpatient care

The paper reports on the capability of New York State (NYS) outpatient programs to provide integrated services for co-occurring disorders (COD). Assessments of 447 outpatient clinics, using two dual diagnosis capability indices (one used in addiction settings, the other in mental health settings), produced an overall score of 2.70, interpreted to position NYS clinics closer to “capable” (3.0=Dual Diagnosis Capable) than to “basic” (1.0=Alcohol [Mental Health] Only Services). “Assessment” and “Staffing” received the highest scores; i.e., clients with COD were usually identified, and staff (with some additional training and supervision) could treat both disorders effectively. While programs were generally prepared for clients with COD (e.g., welcoming such clients into the program, employing staff with competencies in both disorders, and having established routine screening and assessment to identify COD), results showed that the actual delivery of effective treatment was less satisfactory. The project demonstrated that COD capability can be assessed system-wide, using direct observation.

06 Dual Energy CT has the Potential to Improve Non-Invasive Identification Of Necrotic Core

<h3>Background</h3> CT can classify plaque based on its x-ray attenuation. However, identifying vulnerable plaque is limited by overlap between the attenuation of necrotic core and fibrous plaque. Changes in attenuation of plaque components to x-rays of differing energies may allow better discrimination. We tested whether Dual Energy CT (DECT) (simultaneous image acquisition at two energies) improved identification of necrotic core, both in-vivo and ex-vivo. <h3>Methods</h3> 20 patients underwent DECT and 3-vessel Virtual Histology-IVUS (VH-IVUS). Attenuation was sampled in 1088 plaque areas co-registered with VH-IVUS and used to define dual energy indices (changes in attenuation of plaque components at 100 kV and 140kV). 42 plaques were analysed by DECT to determine whether DECT increased sensitivity to detect VH-IVUS defined necrotic core. 10 post-mortem coronary arteries were also examined with DECT prior to histological analysis to determine whether DECT increased sensitivity to detect histologically proven necrotic core. <h3>Results</h3> Dual energy indices of necrotic core and fibrous plaque were significantly different (mean: 0.0071 vs. 0.0283, p&lt;0.05). Utilising these increased diagnostic accuracy for DECT to detect necrotic core in 87 segments of post-mortem arteries (sensitivity-64%, specificity-96%) compared with single energy CT (sensitivity-54%, specificity-92%). Sensitivity to detect necrotic core was lower in plaques analysed in-vivo due to the impact of temporal resolution on moving coronaries. However, DECT still provided marginal improvements in sensitivity (45%) compared with single energy CT (39%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Dual Energy CT has the potential to improve the differentiation of necrotic core and fibrous plaque allowing more accurate non-invasive identification of vulnerable plaque.

Center for Excellence in Integrated Care (CEIC): Advancing capability in New York State's outpatient system

Since January 2009, the Center for Excellence in Integrated Care (CEIC) has been assisting New York State substance abuse and mental health outpatient programs to improve their services for persons with co-occurring conditions. CEIC provides on-site assessment and technical assistance (TA), along with a “Getting to Capable” implementation guide. In assessing 502 addiction and mental health programs (using the Dual Diagnosis Capability indices), CEIC found an average score (on a five-point scale) of 2.70, below the desirable “Dual Diagnosis Capable” (DDC, 3.0) level.

Elliptic hypergeometric integrals and ’t Hooft anomaly matching conditions

Abstract Elliptic hypergeometric integrals describe superconformal indices of 4d supersymmetric field theories. We show that all ’t Hooft anomaly matching conditions for Seiberg dual theories can be derived from SL(3, $\mathbb{Z}$ )-modular transformation properties of the kernels of dual indices.

Refined test of AdS 4 /CFT 3 correspondence for $ \mathcal{N} = 2,3 $ theories

We investigate the superconformal indices for the Chern-Simons-matter theories proposed for M2-branes probing the cones over N^{010}/Z_k, Q^{111}, M^{32} with N=2,3 supersymmetries and compare them with the corresponding dual gravity indices. For N^{010}, we find perfect agreements. In addition, for N^{010}/Z_k, we also find an agreement with the gravity index including the contributions from two types of D6-branes wrapping RP^3. For Q^{111}, we find that the model obtained by adding fundamental flavors to the N=6 theory has the right structure to be the correct model. For M^{32}, we find the matching with the gravity index modulo contributions from peculiar saddle points.

Graph-Theoretical Indices based on Simple, General and Complete Graphs

Valence molecular connectivity indices are based on the concept of valence delta, d v, that can be derived from general chemical graphs or chemical pseudographs. A general graph or pseudograph has multiple edges and loops and can be used to encode, through the valence delta, chemical entities. Two graph-theoretical concepts derived from chemical pseudographs are the intrinsic (I) and the electrotopological state (E) values, which are the used to define the valence delta of the pseudoconnectivity indices, ?I,S. Complete graphs encode, through a new valence delta, the core electrons of any atoms in a molecule. The connectivity indices, either valence connectivity or pseudoconnectivity, are the starting point to develop the dual connectivity indices. The dual indices show that not only can they assume negative values but also cover a wide range of numerical values. The central parameter of the molecular connectivity theory, the valence delta, defines a completely new set of connectivity indices, which can be distinguished by their configuration and advantageously used to model different properties and activities of compounds.

Selectable one-dimensional or two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with simultaneous olfactometry or element-specific detection

A novel selectable one-dimensional ( 1D) or two-dimensional ( 2D) gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (selectable 1D/ 2D GC–MS) system with selective detection was developed by using capillary flow technology and low thermal mass GC (LTM-GC). The main advantages of this system are the simple and fast selection of 1D GC–MS or 2D GC–MS operation without any instrumental set-up change ( e.g. 2D GC–MS can be run just after 1D GC–MS run), and simultaneous mass spectrometric and olfactometry or element-specific detection for both 1D and 2D separation to assure selection of a heart-cut region and correct identification of compounds of interest. The feasibility and benefit of the proposed system with selective detection, e.g. olfactometry, nitrogen phosphorus detection (NPD), and pulsed flame photometric detection (PFPD), was demonstrated with an identification of trace amounts of aroma components in beverages (beer and coffee). Using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and selectable 1D/ 2D GC–Olfactometry/MS on a beer sample, β-damascenone could be determined at 1.9 ng mL −1 (RSD 3.1%, n = 6) as a potent aroma compound. In a coffee sample, two odor active compounds were clearly resolved from a 4.2 s heart-cut and were assigned probable identifications as 4,5-dimethyl thiazole and dimethyl trisulfide based on a NIST library search, dual linear retention indices (dual LRI) and elemental information obtained by SBSE in combination with selectable 1D/ 2D GC–NPD/PFPD/MS.

Development of dual fish multi-metric indices of biological condition for streams with characteristic thermal gradients and low species richness

Abstract Biological indicators based on fish assemblage characteristics are used to assess stream condition worldwide. Fish-based bioassessment poses challenges in Southern New England, the USA, due to the effects of within-watershed thermal gradients on fish assemblage types, low regional species richness, and lack of minimally disturbed sites. Dual multi-metric indices (MMI) of biological condition were developed for wadeable streams based on fish assemblage characteristics sampled across watershed landscapes with varying levels of human disturbance. A coldwater MMI was developed using streams with drainage area of ≤15 km 2 , and a mixed-water MMI for streams with drainage areas of >15 km 2 . For each MMI development, candidate metrics represented by ecological classes were sequentially tested by metric range, within-year precision, correlation with stream size, responsiveness to landscape-level human disturbances, and redundancy. Resultant coldwater and mixed-water MMI were composed of 5 and 7 metrics, respectively. Stream sites tended to score similarly when the two MMI were applied to transitional sites, i.e., drainage areas of 5–40 km 2 . However, some sites received high scores from the mixed-water MMI and intermediate scores from the coldwater MMI. It was thus difficult to ascertain high-quality mixed-water streams from potential coldwater streams which currently support mixed-water assemblages due to ecological degradation. High-quality coldwater streams were restricted to stream sites with drainage areas ≤15 km 2 . The newly developed fish-based MMI will serve as a useful management tool and the dual-MMI development approach may be applicable to other regions with thermal gradients that transition from coldwater to warmwater within watersheds.

Sigma-finite dual dentability indices

A characterization of Banach spaces admitting uniformly Gâteaux smooth norms in terms of σ-finite dual dentability indices is given. Some applications in the area of weak compactness are discussed. We also study σ-locally uniformly rotund dual renormings in connection with σ-countable dual dentability indices.

Non-compact Littlewood–Paley theory for non-doubling measures

We prove weighted Littlewood-Paley inequalities for linear sums of functions satisfying mild decay, smoothness, and cancelation conditions. We prove these for general “regular” measure spaces, in which the underlying measure is not assumed to satisfy any doubling condition. Our result generalizes an earlier result of the author, proved on R with Lebesgue measure. Our proof makes essential use of the technique of random dyadic grids, due to Nazarov, Treil, and Volberg. 0. Introduction. In this note we generalize a slightly non-standard stopping time argument from the usual Euclidean setting on R, with Lebesgue measure, to one in which the underlying measure is not assumed to satisfy any doubling condition. The original motivation for this work came from certain weighted inequalities proved by the author and Richard Wheeden in [WhWi]. They looked for conditions on weights v and non-negative measures μ which ensured that (∫ R + |∇u|q dμ )1/q ≤ (∫ Rd |f |p v dx )1/p (0.1) would hold for all f in some reasonable test class. Here we are assuming that p and q lie strictly between 1 and ∞, and that u is the harmonic (Poisson) extension of f into R + = R × (0,∞). The approach they used was to consider a dual form of (0.1): (∫ Rd |T (g)|p σ dx )1/p′ ≤ (∫ R + |g(t, y)|q dμ )1/q′ . (0.2) Here p′ and q′ are the dual indices to p and q, σ = v1−p ′ , and g is an arbitrary bounded, measurable, compactly-supported function mapping R + → R. The operator T is a certain “balayage”-like object, whose precise definition need not concern us here. The inequality (0.2) turned out, after some juggling, to follow from inequalities like this:  ∫ Rd | ∑ Q λQφ(Q)| ′ σ dx   1/p′ ≤ C  ∑ Q |λQ|qwQ   1/q′ . The summation is indexed over the dyadic cubes Q ⊂ R; the λQ’s are arbitrary real numbers, of which all but finitely many are assumed to be 0, and the wQ’s are certain positive numbers whose precise definition need not concern us. The functions φ(Q) are, if you will pardon the misnomer, non-compactly supported wavelets. This means: each φ(Q) is a bump function centered around Q, with size and smoothness decaying at a nice rate AMS Subject Classfication (2000): 42B25.

Modeling molecular polarizabilities with graph-theoretical concepts

A model study of the molecular polarizabilities of a wide heterogeneous class of organic compounds was carried out. The model of this property was based on graph-theoretical molecular connectivity and pseudoconnectivity basis indices, including the corresponding dual indices. The descriptive power of these indices and of the higher-order terms they give rise, was tested when the basis indices were derived by the aid of odd complete graphs. This last type of graph has been used to encode the core electrons of the atoms of which the given molecules are done. The obtained model is very satisfactory and stresses the importance of the odd complete graphs when used to encode the core electrons of atoms with n ≥ 2. Present model also stresses the importance of the dual basis indices in improving the modeling ability of the higher-order connectivity-pseudoconnectivity terms. Another relevant feature of the present model is the importance assumed by the zeroth-order valence molecular connectivity basis index, $^{0}$χ$^{v}$, which allows a direct topological-physical interpretation of the modeling.