Dual Context Research Articles

Enactment of a Sustainable Vision in the Dual Context of the Tropical Biosphere and the Developing World: A Case Study of Belize Natural Energy

Nowhere is economic, cultural, and environmental sustainability more critical than in a country like Belize, where the developing world merges with the tropical biosphere. Through a single‐organization case study design, the authors provide insight into Belize's only oil‐producing company, specifically examining its sustainability practices and its enactment of an organizational vision centered on sustainability. Our global economy relies heavily on fossil fuels; such reliance requires us to understand the sustainability efforts of these companies. Determining how sustainability is enacted in these organizations forms the basis for how these practices can be replicated. Data collection included multiple interviews with employees throughout the organization, ethnographic observation, and document analysis. The results yielded an understanding of how sustainability practices are enacted in organizational communication.

The ‘Erfahrraum’: a pedagogical model for designing educational technologies in dual vocational systems

Vocational education taking place in the dual contexts of workplace and school often lacks integration of concrete experiences with theoretical knowledge. The interplay between workplace and school contexts and their often antagonistic priorities call for a specific model that transforms these divergences into learning opportunities and connects different forms of knowledge into an integrated body of knowledge that contributes to developing vocational competence. This paper presents a multidimensional pedagogical model, called the ‘Erfahrraum’, for the design and implementation of educational technologies as a way to foster this integration in initial dual vocational education and training (VET). The ‘Erfahrraum’ model informs the design of shared spaces for capturing and reflecting on experiences made in different contexts in which VET takes place. The model particularly emphasises the importance of shared reflection processes to turn concrete experiences into relevant integrated knowledge. Examples of implementations in different professions using a range of different technologies illustrate the power of the ‘Erfahrraum’ model.

Constructing totally interpolating wavelet frame systems

The system of totally interpolating wavelet frames is discussed in this paper, in which both the scaling function and one of wavelet functions are interpolating. It will be shown that corresponding filter banks possess the special structure, and the parametrization of filter banks is present. Moreover, we show that when considering tight frame systems with two generators, the Ron–Shen's continuous-linear-spline-based tight frame is the only one with totally interpolating property and symmetry. But in the dual frame context, more good examples of bi-frames with symmetric/antisymmetric property can be obtained and constructed, which in particular, include frames with the uniform symmetry.

Rethinking the Roles of Evaluation in Learning how to Solve ‘Wicked’ Problems: The Case of Anticipatory Techniques used to Support Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

Many of the most pressing policy and social challenges of the modern era are widely viewed to be ‘wicked’ problems, that is, complex, largely intractable, contested problems. A good example is climate change mitigation and adaptation. The dual context for this article is: the recent increase in evaluative questions being asked by practitioners and policymakers who are seeking to address wicked socio-environmental problems (like climate change); and the recognition that such problems and related interventions present major challenges to evaluative inquiry. To effectively answer these evaluative questions, both practitioners and policymakers need the assistance of evaluators who recognise the limitations of traditional accountability-oriented evaluation and adequately understand the complexity of programs, the contexts in which they are embedded, and the socio-environmental problems they seek to address. This article reviews and builds on discussion of wicked environmental and policy problems in the evaluation literature to consider the evaluation challenges (and associated guiding principles) and potential roles for evaluative inquiry. The article argues that evaluations of interventions into wicked problems should be grounded in the realist paradigm. Drawing on the review and this theory, four roles for evaluative inquiry are identified: (1) testing and refining transferable intervention theories; (2) enabling learning (rather than demonstrating accountability); (3) providing decision support; and (4) mapping program complexity and prompting adequate consideration of complexity.

A diary study focusing on listening and speaking: The evolving interaction of learning styles and learning strategies in a motivated, advanced ESL learner

Abstract Using a personal diary, the first author, an advanced learner of English as a second language (ESL) who desires to improve her academic language competence, focuses on her own evolving learning styles and learning strategies for ESL listening and speaking while living in the US. The author examines dual contexts: the internal context of attitudes, motivations, and emotions and the external context of the unfamiliar country, its culture, and the author's observable interactions with people in that culture. She looks at how the internal and external contexts work together to affect her styles and strategies for learning. For this introverted, reflective, and visual learner, learning by listening to lectures and actively participating in classroom conversations are not easy tasks, but her diary shows that she eventually manages the different aspects of her overall learning style and learns to use relevant strategies that make her a more active classroom participant.

La métropolisation des universités en Suisse. Le cas du bassin lémanique

Using the example of interuniversity cooperation in the region of the Lake of Geneva (canton of Geneva and Vaud), this article aims to analyse how Swiss universities have been, over the past twenty years, “ reterritorialized” within metropolitan/ regional (supra-cantonal), and national areas. This process has occurred in the dual context of sciences and territorial dynamics changes, which have taken place at various scales. The federal State’s (Swiss Confederation) financial incentives have notably participated in such territorial reconstructions arising from this university policy.

The Labor of Attention and Spectatorship in Latin American Cinema: Fernando Eimbcke's <em>Temporada de patos</em> (<em>Duck Season</em>, 2004)

This essay presents a reading of creative spectatorship in Latin American films in the dual context of hegemonic Hollywood films, with their privileged forms of consumption, and the new economies of attention within what has been called a “cinematic mode of production.” This new mode of capitalistic production is characterized by its dependence on the value-producing labor of spectators engaged in the consumption of images. My contention here is that Eimbcke’s film directly engages with the cinematic thus conceived and proposes, instead, an exploration of forms of liberatory film spectatorship and subordinated memories in neoliberal times. In the end Temporada de patos is an attempt at performing the dual cultural work many Latin American films have set for themselves in times of neoliberal globalization. It is concerned both with exploring the modes of representation and spectatorship that have constituted Latin American publics as consumers of the forms and films of others (centrally Hollywood) and with actively producing a cinematic representation that is both appropriable and recognizable by an “us”—a national public not reduced to the educated political and intellectual left avant-gardes—and, simultaneously, by a wider international audience crucial to its industrial viability. It is both an interruption (of our regular, comfortable ways of seeing and being politically, culturally, socially) and a creative invitation to reflect on the regimes of visuality and spectatorship, actual and potential, that are increasingly constitutive of who we are and could be.

Performance on the Green Word Memory Test Following Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom-Era Military Service: Test Failure is Related to Evaluation Context

This study investigates prior reports of high neuropsychological symptom validity test (SVT) failure rates in post-deployed Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) active and veteran military personnel, using a large, multi-site sample (N = 214) drawn from three levels of the Department of Defense/Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Polytrauma System of Care. The sample failure rate and its relationship to research versus dual research/clinical context of evaluation were examined, in addition to secondary variables explored in prior studies. Results yielded an overall failure rate of 25%, lower than prior reports describing OEF/OIF active-duty and veteran military personnel. Findings also supported the hypothesis that SVT failure rates would differ by context (dual > research). Participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) failed more frequently than those without TBI in the dual context but not in the research context. Secondary analyses revealed that failure rates increased in the presence of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and male sex but were unrelated to active versus veteran military status, service connection (SC) or percentage of SC, age, education, or ethnicity. Further research is required to elucidate the underpinnings of these findings in light of the limited literature and variability between OEF/OIF-related SVT studies, as well as the substantial diagnostic and treatment implications for VA.

Around The Clock : Museum and Market

Around The Clock:Museum and Market Erika Balsom (bio) In fall 2012, visitors to the homepage of the Power Plant, the main venue for contemporary art in Toronto, were greeted with a slideshow featuring the institution’s current exhibitions. The slide devoted to Omer Fast’s Continuous Coverage was typical: it featured a still from the artist’s video Continuity (DE, 2012), one of the primary works on display. When the slide changed and the advertisement for The Clock (2010) came on, something very different filled the screen. Instead of a still from Christian Marclay’s twenty-four-hour video—of, say, a wristwatch—there was a photograph of a long queue of people in a gallery corridor with a sign prominently featured in the foreground of the image: “line up starts here for the clock.” By the time The Clock made its way to the Power Plant, it had been attracting crowds and publicity across Europe and North America for two years. After being first exhibited at the Mason’s Yard location of the White Cube Gallery in London in October 2010, it went on to attract 11,500 visitors to the Paula Cooper Gallery in New York over the course of a month in the dead of winter.1 In the summer of 2011, it won the Golden Lion at the Venice Biennale; in the summer of 2012, it played for six weeks in the David Rubenstein Atrium at Lincoln Center in New York and attracted 18,000 people.2 When The Clock arrived in Toronto it was no longer just an artwork, but rather a phenomenon that had made the rare crossover from the often-insular world of contemporary art to the broader cultural sphere. Some were calling it the first masterpiece of the twenty-first century; devotees were camping out overnight to see what would happen in the wee hours; and one [End Page 177] Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Screen shot of www.thepowerplant.org, taken 21 October 2012. Toronto viewer set out to blog out his repeated visits to see the work in its entirety, even producing a spreadsheet to track his progress.3 The Power Plant recognized all of this in its decision to promote the work on its website with a photograph of a queue: line up here, as people have lined up before you in New York, London, Boston, and Los Angeles. Be prepared to wait; the experience of this artwork is about temporality in more ways than one. Long queues are normally the property of nightclubs or iPhone launches, not gallery installations. But the queue for The Clock fulfills the same function as the queue outside the Apple Store: it endows an experience with an aura of exclusivity and thereby heightens its appeal. It is a visual display of desire that in turn incites desire. Though there is much to be said about the relationship of The Clock to various concepts such as cinematic time, continuity editing, found-footage filmmaking, and cinephilia, the following pages will forego an analysis of the artwork as text to instead interrogate the The Clock as phenomenon. This essay will situate The Clock within the dual context of museum and market—two profoundly interlocking entities undergoing equally profound transformations in the early twenty-first century. In particular, I will situate The Clock as the most significant iteration to date of a variety of artwork that arose in the 1990s and has achieved particular [End Page 178] prominence within the last decade, with significant ramifications for the status of the moving image on the art market: the spectacular—and spectacularly accessible—projected video installation. In 2010, Paula Cooper Gallery and White Cube jointly offered The Clock for sale in a limited edition of six priced at a reported $467,500 each,4 making it one of the most expensive pieces of moving image art ever sold, and perhaps the most expensive ever sold on the primary market.5 Five copies were designated at this price for institutional sales, while the sixth went to hedge fund manager Steve Cohen for an undisclosed but presumably larger sum.6 Major museums including the Boston Museum...

A comparison of the effects of temporary hippocampal lesions on single and dual context versions of the olfactory sequence memory task.

In recent years, many animal models of memory have focused on one or more of the various components of episodic memory. For example, the odor sequence memory task requires subjects to remember individual items and events (the odors) and the temporal aspects of the experience (the sequence of odor presentation). The well-known spatial context coding function of the hippocampus, as exemplified by place cell firing, may reflect the "where" component of episodic memory. In the present study, we added a contextual component to the odor sequence memory task by training rats to choose the earlier odor in one context and the later odor in another context and we compared the effects of temporary hippocampal lesions on performance of the original single context task and the new dual context task. Temporary lesions significantly impaired the single context task, although performance remained significantly above chance levels. In contrast, performance dropped all the way to chance when temporary lesions were used in the dual context task. These results demonstrate that rats can learn a dual context version of the odor sequence learning task that requires the use of contextual information along with the requirement to remember the "what" and "when" components of the odor sequence. Moreover, the addition of the contextual component made the task fully dependent on the hippocampus.

Is it in China's interest to implement an export carbon tax?

Considering the dual context of China's domestic willingness to have a cleaner export structure and the widespread concern among developed countries that carbon leakage from developing countries, particularly China, could threaten their own climate policy effectiveness; this paper uses the SICGE model to investigate the economic rationale of taxing direct CO2 emissions of export in China. With an export carbon tax set at 200 yuan/t CO2, three policy scenarios were studied, where the tax revenue is: undistributed; redistributed neutrally to stimulate investment; and redistributed neutrally to stimulate consumption. According to the model, the economic and climate effects of the different policy scenarios are not particularly distinguishable. The economic impacts are slightly negative while the effect on the export structure is significant: the export of major energy-intensive products decreased and the export of certain sectors (labour-intensive or with higher value-added) increased, resulting in a cut of 3.77% in total direct CO2 emissions from exports. The revenue redistribution to stimulate consumption is shown to be the optimal scenario choice, which was confirmed by further sensitivity tests. By reviewing related WTO laws, this paper concludes that a clearly designed export carbon tax with a comparable carbon price is in China's own interest, while lessening the carbon leakage concerns of developed countries.

All Watched over by Machines of Silent Grace?

August 1, 2011When discussing the place of robotic system in civilian and military society,typically two opposing key themes will emerge: dreams of robot heaven andnightmares of robot hell. And it was in the 1960s, in this dual context—the robot asfacilitator, the robot as destroyer—that the poet Richard Brautigan highlighted avision of humans and robots working together to build a new society, a utopiancybernetic world ‘all watched over by machines of loving grace’ (Brautigan 1967).In the intervening four decades since Brautigan's poem was first published, anumber of core technologies required to underpin such cybernetic utopias have beensuccessfully developed, even if the concomitant social changes he promised have yetto materialise. In the civilian world, current examples of the forecast army of 12million plus

The Strange Case of The Princess and the Frog: Passing and the Elision of Race

This paper examines the negotiations of race in The Princess and the Frog within the dual contexts of its setting and release. Central to these negotiations are Tiana’s racial identity and her passing as a frog, as well as the film’s attempt to pass as an African American princess narrative. In the process of excavating the film’s racial contexts, this paper also addresses its reception by American critics, as well as how Disney, in its hypersensitivity to racial issues and its desire to fulfill so many competing agendas, has paradoxically created an animated feature which generally elides race, even as it redeploys multiple racial stereotypes. This paper concludes by (re)considering the implications of a black Disney princess who spends more time onscreen in green and embraces a hyper-ethos of hard work, as well as how the simulated selves on display renegotiate notions of racial identity in the twenty-first century.

Consumer Innovativeness for Fashion as a Second Order Construct: A Cross-Cultural Study

Abstract Setting and changing prices is difficult for marketing managers, especially for new products. Consumer price sensitivity (how consumers react to prices or to price changes) makes a difference in the likelihood consumers will buy (Ainslie and Rossi 1998). For many new products, the reactions of the earliest buyers or innovative consumers are critical to success (e.g., Munnukka 2005). But how important is the price of new products to innovators? The answer to this question is of theoretical interest and of practical importance to marketers, especially when marketing new fashions, where innovators play a crucial role in consumer acceptance. Existing research shows that innovators are relatively less sensitive to prices of new products than are later adopters; that is, they are more willing to pay higher prices (Goldsmith 1996, 1999). However, the evidence in favor of the negative relationship between innovativeness and price sensitivity is based largely on studies that conceptualize and measure inno...

Mergers and Partial Ownership

In this paper we compare the profitability of a merger to the profitability of a partial ownership arrangement and find that partial ownership arrangements can be more profitable for the acquiring and acquired firm because they can result in a greater dampening of competition. We also derive comparative statics on the prices of the acquiring firm, the acquired firm, and the outside firms. In a dual context, we show that a cross-majority owner may have incentives to sell a fraction of the shares in one of the firms he controls to a silent investor who is outside the industry. Aggregate ex post operating profit in the two firms controlled by the cross-majority shareholder then increases, such that both the cross-majority shareholder and the silent investor will be better off with than without the partial divestiture.

A dual-role typology of multinational subsidiaries

This paper argues that, since a subsidiary is embedded in a dual context of both the MNE and the host environment, its strategic role should be assessed by its relative positions and contributions both within the knowledge networks of the MNE and the host country. Based on this, we develop a dual-role typology. The 369 multinational subsidiaries in our sample from China can be classified into as many as 12 out of the 16 conceptual groups of the typology. Our results indicate that dual activists (active both internally and externally) account for only 12% of the total sampled multinational subsidiaries while dual loners (inactive both internally and externally) reach 20%. The results from a larger sample by adding 113 minority foreign share firms show that external knowledge links are positively associated with local Chinese ownership. The central message from this paper is that a large proportion of foreign-invested firms in China are inactive in knowledge exchange either internally or externally or both. Managerial and policy implications are discussed.

Globalization, values education, and school music education in China

This paper examines music education’s legitimation of values as a means of preparing students for entry into the new ‘knowledge society’ of the People’s Republic of China in a global age. It explores the ways in which values education relates to the teaching of both musical and non‐musical meanings in the dual context of nationalism and globalization, and discusses some problems that values education faces in school music classrooms. It examines the ways in which globalization has pressured values education into resolving the apparent contradiction between national identity and national unity in the ever‐changing play of Chinese history and politics. It concludes with a discussion of how music education might juggle three pairs of apparently contradictory relationships in the curriculum: between contemporary cultural and social values on the one hand, and traditional Chinese and Communist ideologies on the other; between collectivism and individualism; and between national and global cultures.

Memories of Home and Stories of Displacement: The Women of Artas and the ““Peasant Past””

This article deals with the memory narratives of women from the West Bank village of Artas who were displaced as a result of the 1967 war and are today living in working-class neighborhoods of eastern Amman. Imbued with nostalgia, their narratives extol the values that had governed life in the village before their dispersal, values that have proved to be important for survival in exile. The ““peasant past”” remembered by these women is examined in the dual context of the history of Artas and the migratory itineraries of the women, many of whom were displaced for a second time during the Gulf War of 1990––91.

Protestant and Online: The Case ofAiyan

AbstractThis article presentsAiyan, an electronic house church publication, as a case study of a resistance community using up-to-date technology in the dual context of China's modernization and government repression. Based on detailed content analysis supported by results from fieldwork, the article introducesAiyan's background as an underground publication, its online existence, its visual character, its content and its aims. It then analysesAiyan's attempts at identity formation within the complex realities of religious activity in China, and finally identifies five main areas of political engagement withinAiyan: freedom of religious belief and legalization of status; rights awareness and rights education; defiance against the regime; rural–urban co-operation; and engagement of liberal intellectuals. The article concludes with an evaluation of the possible influence this sector of the house church community may have on China's political transformation.

Reading Pierre Bourdieu in a Dual Context: Essays from India and France

Reading Pierre Bourdieu in a Dual Context: Essays from India and France