Dual Block Research Articles

A prospective real-world study to assess the effectiveness and safety of trastuzumab biosimilar in the adjuvant treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer: Preliminary safety results.

e12524 Background: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) defines a biosimilar as a biological molecule product that is highly similar to and has no clinically meaningful differences from an existing approved reference product. The trastuzumab biosimilar was the first oncology biosimilar approved in Brazil for HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) and advanced gastric cancer treatment. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of trastuzumab biosimilar (named as Zedora in Brazil) in the adjuvant setting among HER2-positive BC patients treated in Brazil. Methods: This is a national, multicentric, observational, and prospective real-world study. Patients with early-stage HER2-positive BC who received at least one dose of trastuzumab biosimilar as adjuvant therapy were eligible. At the present date, 126 of 170 planned patients were recruited. Here, we present the preliminary safety data of the first 42 patients recruited in the study. The safety endpoint is the occurrence of adverse events (AEs), and the safety population included all patients who received at least one dose of trastuzumab biosimilar. We analyzed the AEs collected from the signature of the consent form until the end of adjuvant treatment. Results: Baseline patient characteristics among the 42 evaluated patients included a median age of 48.5 years, with 78.6% of them having a node-negative disease. Most patients had hormone-receptor-positive tumors (71.4% estrogen-receptor-positive and 57.1% progesterone-receptor-positive). The number of patients undergoing conservative surgery (59.5%) was higher than mastectomy (40.5%). The most frequent histological BC subtype was invasive ductal carcinoma (97.6%). Neoadjuvant therapy included the trastuzumab biosimilar administration (25%) and the dual anti-HER2 block (trastuzumab biosimilar + pertuzumab) (68.8%). Only 6.3% of patients received the reference trastuzumab in neoadjuvant therapy. In total, 25/42 (59,5%) patients had at least one AE, two of them were serious AEs (4.8%). The incidence of grade 3 or 4 AEs was 35.7%, and no death occurred. The table lists the most reported AEs according to SOC (System Organ Class). Conclusions: The nature and severity of AEs observed were consistent with the known safety profile of trastuzumab. Clinical trial information: NCT03892655. [Table: see text]

Image super-resolution reconstruction method based on residual mechanism

With the development of artificial intelligence, deep learning has been widely used in image super-resolution reconstruction. To solve the problems of feature extraction insufficiency, detail loss, and gradient disappearance in super-resolution reconstruction based on traditional deep learning, we propose a lightweight multihierarchical feature fusion network for single-image super-resolution. An important part of our network is dual residual block. To better extract features and reduce the amount of parameters as much as possible, the dual residual block we designed is an excite-and-squeeze structure. To transmit feature information, webadd autocorrelation weight unit into dual-residual block, which can weight each channel according to the image feature information. Extensive experiments show that our method is significantly better than LapSRN, MSRN, and other representative methods. The PSNR on SET14, URBAN100, and MANGA109 datasets are improved by 5 dB and SSIM is improved by 4% compared with the baseline method.

Capacity Analysis of Channel Inversion Using Space-Time Block Coding with Transmit Power Control

In this paper, we analyze channel inversion with transmit diversity in terms of capacity and bit error rates in correlated fading. We obtain the Shannon capacity of Rayleigh fading channel under channel inversion using spatially correlated dual branch orthogonal space-time block coding, in comparison with the optimal power and rate adaptation policy, and provide a simple fixed-rate power adaptation policy to invert the Rayleigh fading into additive white Gaussian noise channel, and obtain the bit error rates using binary phase-shift keying modulation with/without channel inversion. It is found that the correlation generally causes a loss in capacity, which becomes more distinct with channel inversion relative to the optimal power and rate adaptation policy, especially when power correlation is greater than 0.5, and hinders otherwise possible full inversion. Transmit power truncation introduces power gain over full inversion, which manifests itself as an increase in capacity and a decrease in bit error probability. This gain increases with decreasing truncation level of the allowed peak transmit power. Inverting with truncation, a gain of about 19 dB in signal-to-noise ratio is obtained over classical single-antenna transmission without inversion. This gain may be further increased by a combination of truncation and correlation levels, as the correlation surprisingly turns to advantage when the normalized permitted peak-power is below 2 dB. However, the gain is normally accompanied by lower throughput or bandwidth expansion for a fixed data rate due to outage.

First-Time Lumbar Medial Branch Radiofrequency Ablation: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System as a Metric of Outcome

ObjectiveTo investigate the ability of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) to capture the therapeutic effect of first-time medial branch radiofrequency ablation (RFA). DesignBefore-after trial. SettingSingle academic spine center. ParticipantsPatients who underwent first-time medial branch RFA for lumbar facet joint pain identified by dual comparative medial branch block with ≥80% pain relief between January 1, 2015 and September 1, 2019 were identified using procedural billing codes. Charts were reviewed manually to confirm accuracy and strict adherence to the 80% pain relief threshold for each medial branch block. Thirty-nine patients met the criteria and were included in this study (N=39). InterventionsMedial branch RFA. Main Outcome MeasuresPROMIS score domains of Depression, Pain Interference, and Physical Function collected pre- and post RFA were compared. Pretreatment scores were within 6 weeks prior to the first medial branch block. Posttreatment scores were between 5 weeks and 6 months after RFA. Paired-sample t test analyses were used to calculate responsiveness to treatment, with significance assigned as P<.05 prior to acquiring data. Effect size was calculated using Cohen's d. ResultsPROMIS domains of Pain Interference and Physical Function demonstrated a statistically significant improvement (P=.004 and P=.017, respectively). The PROMIS domain of Depression did not demonstrate a statistically significant change (P=.12). The effect size was medium (d=−0.43) for Pain Interference, small/medium (d=0.31) for Physical Function, and small (d=-0.12) for Depression. ConclusionsMedial branch RFA as a treatment for lumbar facet syndrome is associated with a statistical improvement in PROMIS domains of Physical Function and Pain Interference.

A comparison of the effectiveness of cervical medial branch radiofrequency ablation for chronic facet joint syndrome in patients selected by two common medial branch block paradigms

BackgroundCervical medial branch radiofrequency ablation (CMBRFA) is effective when patients are selected by dual medial branch blocks (MBBs). SIS guidelines recommend 100% pain improvement after dual comparative MBBs before CMBRFA; however, our prior investigation showed similar outcomes in those selected by a lesser strict paradigm. ObjectiveCompare pain and patient impression of improvement after CMBRFA in individuals stratified by a less stringent (80–99%) dual MBB response than those selected by the 100% criteria. DesignCross-sectional study. MethodsFollow-up was conducted via standardized telephone survey at ≥6 months post-CMBRFA to obtain Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scores. Primary and secondary outcomes were within-group and between-group differences in the proportions of patients reporting ≥50% NRS score reduction and PGIC scores. ResultsMedical records of 195 consecutive patients were reviewed; 100 individuals were analyzed. 48% (95% CI 35–61%) and 52% (95% CI 37–67%) of the 80–99% and 100% MBB groups, reported ≥50% pain reduction at ≥6 months post-CMBRFA. 74% (95% CI 63–85%) and 67% (95% CI 52–81%) of the 80–99% and 100% MBB groups reported a PGIC score consistent with “improved” or “very much improved.” There were no significant between-group differences in any outcome at any time point. ConclusionsWe observed similar rates of pain relief and global improvement after CMBRFA in patients selected by dual MBBs with ≥80% symptom relief versus 100% relief. This provides evidence that a more practical criteria, compared to a more strict selection paradigm, may result in similar clinical outcomes.

Dual-Band Pass Filter with Wide Band-Frequency Rejection

A Dual band Filter block has been highly attention due to its highly importance in wireless communication systems. High frequency level normally companies with the performance of filter block. The use of both low-pass or band-stop filter and the step-impedance lines methods to reduce the spurious characteristics of the filter are not a practical solution since that adds more complexity and large in size. The proposed microstrip filter was utilized for Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) applications (2.45 GHz) with -25 dB with twice transmission zeroes as a first band while the second band of (3.5-8 GHz) for LTE and wireless LAN applications with return loss up-to -15 dB. (CST) Computer Simulation Technology was used to simulate the declared structure. The dual band, mode simulation results have been extracted and also compared with the literature that get closed to each other. So that, the computer aided design gives a good pointer to adopt an extracting result that have been obtained using the aforementioned simulator.

Low-Light Image Enhancement Network Based on Recursive Network.

In low-light environments, image acquisition devices do not obtain sufficient light sources, resulting in low brightness and contrast of images, which poses a great obstacle for other computer vision tasks to be performed. To enable other vision tasks to be performed smoothly, it is essential to enhance the research on low-light image enhancement algorithms. In this article, a multi-scale feature fusion image enhancement network based on recursive structure is proposed. The network uses a dual attention module-Convolutional Block Attention Module. It was abbreviated as CBAM, which includes two attention mechanisms: channel attention and spatial attention. To extract and fuse multi-scale features, we extend the U-Net model using the inception model to form the Multi-scale inception U-Net Module or MIU module for short. The learning of the whole network is divided into T recursive stages, and the input of each stage is the original low-light image and the inter-mediate estimation result of the output of the previous recursion. In the t-th recursion, CBAM is first used to extract channel feature information and spatial feature information to make the network focus more on the low-light region of the image. Next, the MIU module fuses features from three different scales to obtain inter-mediate enhanced image results. Finally, the inter-mediate enhanced image is stitched with the original input image and fed into the t + 1th recursive iteration. The inter-mediate enhancement result provides higher-order feature information, and the original input image provides lower-order feature information. The entire network outputs the enhanced image after several recursive cycles. We conduct experiments on several public datasets and analyze the experimental results subjectively and objectively. The experimental results show that although the structure of the network in this article is simple, the method in this article can recover the details and increase the brightness of the image better and reduce the image degradation compared with other methods.

Abstract No. : ABS2375: Prevalence of facet joint arthropathy in patients with chronic low back pain having prolapsed intervertebral disc- A prospective analytical study

Background and Aims:Low back pain (LBP) is a major global public health problem with facet joints and intervertebral discs as the common pain generators. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of facet joint arthropathy (FJA) using diagnostic block inpatients with radiologically diagnosed prolapsed intervertebral disc (PIVD).Methods:This prospective study was conducted from January to July, 2018 on 65 adult patients with chronic LBP (magnetic resonance image(MRI) showing PIVD) . Fifty patients ,who were clinically suspected with FJA ,were given fluoroscopy-guided dual diagnostic median branch block (MBB) with 0.5 ml 2% lignocaine and 0.25% bupivacaine in two different sittings. At least 80% of concordant pain relief (assessed by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)) was considered as a positive diagnostic block. Patients were divided as group P and group N based on positive and negative diagnostic MBB , respectively. Prevalence of positive block among total study population was calculated.Results:All demographic parameters were comparable between both groups. Number of patients in group P and group N were 36 and 14 respectively. There were significant difference in duration of block, post block pain relief (%) and VAS score after lignocaine and bupivacaine among both the groups(figure 1). No significant complications were seen in any group. Calculated prevalence of positive MBB in the 65 patients was 55.38%.Figure 1 – Comparison of pain relief after medial branch block using lignocaine and bupivacaineInterpretationPost block pain relief (%)Post block VAS scoreDuration of pain relief P Lignocaine Mean±SDBupivacaine Mean±SDLignocaine Mean±SDBupivacaine Mean±SDLignocaine Mean±SDBupivacaine Mean±SDN (14)36.78±21.6237.86±14.234.64±1.454.64±0.7476.07±30.83152.14±51.910.00P (36)79.72±6.7583.06±6.032.31±0.4671.81±0.52190.83±21.696425.83±28.52Total67.7±23.1570.40±22.352.96±1.362.6±1.41188.70±57.42349.2±29.25Conclusion:Symptoms and MRI results fair poorly in diagnosing the exact cause of LBP. Prevalence of FJA was quite high in radiologically diagnosed PIVD which indicates that clinical correlation outweigh spine imaging.

Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation and Dual Subsartorial Block for Chronic Knee Pain Post Total Knee Replacement: A Case Report

Introduction. Chronic pain defines as pain persisting for three months or longer, chronic post-surgical pain can affect all dimensions of health-related quality of life, and is associated with functional limitations. treatment of chronic pain after total knee replacement is challenging, and evaluation of combined treatments and individually targeted treatments matched to patient characteristic. Genicular nerve block radiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective therapeutic procedure for pain associated with chronic pain due to knee osteoarthritis, and the evolution of newer regional analgesia techniques aids in reducing postoperative pain Dual Subsartorial Block (DSB) as a procedure specific, post total knee replacemet. historically there has been a reliance on using a pain-spesific assessment tools Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)&#x0D; Case Presentation. A 55-year old woman admitted she had pain on bilateral knee, the knee pain had affected her daily living, she was diagnosed with chronic knee pain post TKR because of osteoarthritis genu bilateral, the patient was planning genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation and dual subsartorial block, from the examination we found that numeric rating scale was 6 (moderate pain) with WOMAC score 76, before the procedure the patients are examined through radiology for any deformity in the knee. The genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation under ultrasound guidance on bonylandmark, resulting anesthesia of the anterior compartment of the knee, and dual subsartorial block that cover almost all the innervations of pain generating component of the anterior and posterior knee joint involved in TKR surgery. After the procedure we reevaluated the pain score using NRS was 2 (mild pain), and with WOMAC Score 19.&#x0D; Conclusion. Treatment of chronic pain post total knee replacemet was challenging, targeted treatment may ameliorate the pain and prevent long term disability.&#x0D;

An Observational Study of Efficacy of Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block for Arterio-Venous Fistula Surgeries- Comparison of Two Techniques Using Ultrasound and Ultrasound with Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

Background: Success of the brachial plexus block depends equally on the performer’s skill and the availability of specific equipments. Here, the efficacy of infraclavicular brachial plexus block was assessed using two different techniques. Material and Methods: In 72 patients divided in equal groups, the time taken to perform the block, onset and degree of sensory and motor blockade, complications and supplements, if required were noted in patients undergoing arterio-venous fistula creation. An infraclavicular brachial plexus block was performed either with ultrasound only (group-A) or with ultrasound and nerve stimulation (group-B). Collected data underwent rigorous statistical analysis. Results: Onset of sensory, motor blockade and block success achieved in both groups was statistically insignificant. Time taken for block administration and the mean time for complete sensory blockade were statistically significant. Conclusion: Though time taken for the block administration was longer and complete sensory blockade was earlier by dual guidance, the block success rate and the degree of block were comparable in both the techniques. Dual modality blocks are challenging in view of obtaining an evoked motor response and visualization of the needle at the same time. Keywords: Infraclavicular brachial plexus block, Sonosite, Peripheral nerve Stimulator

Light Field Reconstruction Using Efficient Pseudo 4D Epipolar-Aware Structure

Limited by sensor resolution, Light Field (LF) images often suffer from an inherent trade-off between angular resolution and spatial resolution. LF reconstruction, including Spatial Super-Resolution (LFSSR) and Angular Super-Resolution (LFASR), upsamples LF in spatial and angular domain based on the complementary information in different views. In this paper, we propose efficient pseudo-4D end-to-end frameworks for LFSSR and LFASR, respectively. Since the epipolar information and spatial-angular information reflect the relationship between views, we propose to fully consider both of them to exploit complementary information thoroughly. Specifically, we first extract epipolar information from horizontally and vertically stacked views separately. Then an Epipolar-Aware Grid (EAG) network composed of Dual Interactive Blocks (DIBs) fully interacts the epipolar information, characterizing the grid-like LF parallax structure. In order to effectively achieve dense interaction between the spatial and angular domain to extract complementary information, several Parallel Spatial-Angular Integration Blocks (PSAIBs) are further introduced. For LFs with large baselines, we also propose a generic shear attention network, which generalizes the model designed for small baselines to large baselines without depth estimation. As compared to the state-of-the-art methods, extensive experiments conducted on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate our superiority in LFSSR tasks and LFASR tasks.

Dual Medial Branch Blocks and Progression to Radiofrequency Neurotomy for Lumbar Zygapophysial Arthropathy

Dual Medial Branch Blocks and Progression to Radiofrequency Neurotomy for Lumbar Zygapophysial Arthropathy

Dual Medial Branch Blocks and Progression to Radiofrequency Neurotomy for Cervical Zygapophysial Arthropathy

Dual Medial Branch Blocks and Progression to Radiofrequency Neurotomy for Cervical Zygapophysial Arthropathy

Comparing Analgesic Efficacy of a Novel Dual Subsartorial Block Using Two Different Volumes in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Monocentric, Randomised Trial.

Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a life-changing joint surgery that improves health-related quality of life and functional status. Patients in need of this surgery mostly belong to the geriatric age group with limited functional reserves and multiple co-morbidities requiring utmost perioperative care with the most suitable analgesic modalities. Regional analgesia (RA) should provide effective analgesia while allowing early mobility, reduced opioid consumption, and early discharge. Dual subsartorial block (DSB) is a novel procedure-specific, motor-sparing, and opioid-sparing RA technique for TKA surgeries. Our study compared the analgesic efficacy of the two different combinations of volumes used in DSB.Methods: This prospective randomized comparative study included patients between 25-75 years of age of American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) I-II grades who underwent an elective cemented unilateral total knee replacement performed via medial approaches under neuraxial anesthesia. A total of 104 patients were divided into two equal groups based on the local anesthetic (LA) volumes (Group A 10/20 ml and Group B 20/10 ml) used in the DSB. Postoperative pain scores (using a visual analog scale) and quadriceps strengths (using neurological exam), and opioid consumption were measured at regular intervals till discharge.Results: Most patients (71.2%) remained pain-free and comfortable until discharge, while 28.8% complained of pain within 12 hours of DSB. Mean quadriceps strength remained almost normal (4-5/5) until the discharge with no incidences of buckling or fall in either group. Over time, the postoperative trend between the groups showed a significant difference for dynamic pain (p = 0.002) and quadriceps strength (p = <0.001). There was an insignificant difference (p = 0.161) between the groups regarding opioid consumption, with the median oral morphine equivalent of zero in both groups. Discussion: The effective analgesic coverage of DSB is based on the involvement of all innervations of the procedure-specific pain generators of TKR surgeries. The specific focus on selective sensory innervations and the type/volume of the LA used makes DSB a motor-sparing RA alternative that facilitates early mobility and discharge. It can provide effective postoperative analgesia without compromising the motor strength of the quadriceps muscle when administered in either 10/20 or 20/10 volumes.

Response to: Invasive Treatments for Low Back Disorders and the ACOEM Practice Guidelines.

Response to: Invasive Treatments for Low Back Disorders and the ACOEM Practice Guidelines.

Combined thoracic medial branch radiofrequency and chemical neurotomy

ObjectiveExplore the effectiveness of thoracic medial branch neurotomy (MBN) using combined radiofrequency neurotomy and neurolytic lesioning. DesignA retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with chronic thoracic axial pain treated in a community setting. InterventionsWe included all patients who underwent MBN between 2010 and 2016, selected for MBN primarily based on 70% relief following single or dual diagnostic medial branch blocks. Using 18-gauge cannulas, we placed electrodes and made lesions at the suspected location of the thoracic medial branch based on anatomic knowledge at the time; the thermal lesions were supplemented with 50% dextrose to enhance the lesion radius. MeasuresWe defined success as ≥50% relief of their index thoracic pain not returning to baseline for at least six months. Patients not reached for follow-up were considered failures for worst-case analysis. ResultsTwenty-eight patients underwent an initial MBN between 2010 and 2016: Twenty-five of twenty-eight (89%) patients reported ≥70% pain reduction not returning to baseline for six months or longer. Using a worst-case analysis (WCA), patients reported average pain relief of 73% CI (63%,84%) with a mean duration of relief following the initial MBN of 9.9 months CI (6, 13.5). Seventeen of the initial 28 patients had a total of 31 repeat MBNs, 13/17 (76%) having pain relief reinstated after one or more repeat MBNs with an average duration of relief following a first repeat MBNs of 10.9 months CI (6.6,15.2). ConclusionThoracic MBN combined with a mild neurolytic is a potentially effective treatment for thoracic pain in patients selected with positive diagnostic MBB. There were no complications noted. One can reinstate pain relief with repeated MBN in most patients should their symptoms return.

A Tri-Attention fusion guided multi-modal segmentation network

In the field of multimodal segmentation, the correlation between different modalities can be considered for improving the segmentation results. Considering the correlation between different MR modalities, in this paper, we propose a multi-modality segmentation network guided by a novel tri-attention fusion. Our network includes N model-independent encoding paths with N image sources, a tri-attention fusion block, a dual-attention fusion block, and a decoding path. The model independent encoding paths can capture modality-specific features from the N modalities. Considering that not all the features extracted from the encoders are useful for segmentation, we propose to use dual attention based fusion to re-weight the features along the modality and space paths, which can suppress less informative features and emphasize the useful ones for each modality at different positions. Since there exists a strong correlation between different modalities, based on the dual attention fusion block, we propose a correlation attention module to form the tri-attention fusion block. In the correlation attention module, a correlation description block is first used to learn the correlation between modalities and then a constraint based on the correlation is used to guide the network to learn the latent correlated features which are more relevant for segmentation. Finally, the obtained fused feature representation is projected by the decoder to obtain the segmentation results. Our experiment results tested on BraTS 2018 dataset for brain tumor segmentation demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in Linear DNA Multifluorophore Photonic Wires: Comparing Dual versus Split Rail Building Block Designs (Advanced Optical Materials 21/2021)

The artistic rendering on the cover depicts how DNA scaffolds are used to precisely organize chromophores, where variants of a dual rail design are compared to a split rail format in pursuit of a minimal highly efficient building block design. Such biomimetic exciton networks direct energy transport for nanoscale sensing and light-harvesting applications. Image created by lead author Divita Mathur. Further information can be found in article number 2100884 by Igor L. Medintz and co-workers.

Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Waveform Design: A Symbol-Level Precoding Approach

Dual-functional radar-communication (DFRC) systems can simultaneously perform both radar and communication functionalities using the same hardware platform and spectrum resource. In this paper, we consider multi-input multi-output (MIMO) DFRC systems and focus on transmit beamforming designs to provide both radar sensing and multi-user communications. Unlike conventional block-level precoding techniques, we propose to use the recently emerged symbol-level precoding approach in DFRC systems, which provides additional degrees of freedom (DoFs) that guarantee preferable instantaneous transmit beampatterns for radar sensing and achieve better communication performance. In particular, the squared error between the designed and desired beampatterns is minimized subject to the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of the communication users and the constant-modulus power constraint. Two efficient algorithms are developed to solve this non-convex problem on both the Euclidean and Riemannian spaces. The first algorithm employs penalty dual decomposition (PDD), majorization-minimization (MM), and block coordinate descent (BCD) methods to convert the original optimization problem into two solvable sub-problems, and iteratively solves them using efficient algorithms. The second algorithm provides a much faster solution at the price of a slight performance loss, first transforming the original problem into Riemannian space, and then utilizing the augmented Lagrangian method (ALM) to obtain an unconstrained problem that is subsequently solved via a Riemannian Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (RBFGS) algorithm. Extensive simulations verify the distinct advantages of the proposed symbol-level precoding designs in both radar sensing and multi-user communications.

A double-mass block acceleration sensor based on FBG

A double-mass block acceleration sensor based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is proposed to meet the needs of acceleration sensors in vibration monitoring. The proposed sensor is composed of FBG, beam and double mass block, and the FBG is fixed in the middle of the upper surface of the dual mass block by epoxy glue. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification, the resonant frequency, sensitivity and lateral anti-interference ability of the sensor have been investigated. The experimental results show that the natural frequency of the sensor is 1000 Hz, the sensitivity is 26.7 pm/g when the frequency is 250 Hz, and the lateral anti-interference degree is less than 6%. And the sensor structure in this paper is simple and easy to fabricate. Therefore, it has a great application prospect in the vibration monitoring of bridges, roads and buildings.