Dual-band Planar Research Articles

Design of a Dual-Band Planar Sleeve Monopole Antenna With the Substrate-Integrated Coaxial Line Technology

Design of a Dual-Band Planar Sleeve Monopole Antenna With the Substrate-Integrated Coaxial Line Technology

A Compact-Size Multiple-Band Planar Inverted L-C Implantable Antenna Used for Biomedical Applications.

In this paper, a compact-size multiple-band planar inverted L-C implantable antenna is proposed. The compact antenna has a size of 20 mm × 12 mm × 2.2 mm and consists of planar inverted C-shaped and L-shaped radiating patches. The designed antenna is employed on the RO3010 substrate (εr = 10.2, tanδ = 0.0023, and thickness = 2 mm). An alumina layer with a thickness of 0.177 mm (εr = 9.4 and tanδ = 0.006) is used as the superstrate. The designed antenna operates at triple-frequency bands with a return loss of -46 dB at 402.5 MHz, -33.55 dB at 2.45 GHz, and -41.4 dB at 2.95 GHz, and provides a size reduction of 51% compared with the conventional dual-band planar inverted F-L implant antenna designed in our previous study. In addition, the SAR values are within the safety limits with a maximum allowable input power (8.43 mW (1 g) and 47.5 mW (10 g) at 402.5 MHz; 12.85 mW (1 g) and 47.8 mW (10 g) at 2.45 GHz; and 11 mW (1 g) and 50.5 mW (10 g) at 2.95 GHz). The proposed antenna operates at low power levels and supports an energy-efficient solution. The simulated gain values are -29.7 dB, -3.1 dB, and -7.3 dB, respectively. The suggested antenna is fabricated and the return loss is measured. Our findings are then compared with the simulated results.

A Dual-Band Planar Antenna Array With High-Frequency Ratio for Both Sub-6 Band and mm-Waveband

In the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the major carrier frequency bands of the 5G communication are assigned in the Sub-6 band and the millimeter wave (MMW) band. The frequency ratio between the two bands is more than 4. Due to the contradiction between large element size in Sub-6 band and narrow element spacing in the MMW band, it is hard to design one antenna array to be used in both of the two carrier frequency bands especially for a miniaturized communication system. In this article, a novel dual-band planar antenna array is proposed to solve the contradiction by using recombining technology. The measured results show that the antenna array is able to satisfy the requirements of the two carrier bands. In the Sub-6 band, the antenna array scale is 4×4. The antenna array has an operating band of 4.5-6GHz with the array gain more than 12.9dBi. In ±40° beam scanning angle, the sidelobe level (SLL) is lower than -12dB and the gain variation is less than ±0.9dBi. The isolation between the adjacent elements is more than 20 dB. In the MMW band, the array scale is 4×8. The antenna array has an operating band of 24.5-26GHz with the array gain more than 20dBi. In ±40° beam scanning angle, the SLL is lower than -10dB and the gain variation is less than ±1.9dBi. The isolation between the adjacent elements is more than 20dB. The antenna array has also shown good performance in an actual over air communication test in the two carrier bands by using 16-QAM modulation.

Design and analysis several band antenna for wireless communication

This article describes the construction of a dual-band planar monopole antenna. A microstrip patch antenna with a feedline impedance of 50 ohm and a patch composed of G-shaped and inverted L-shaped strips is used to make the suggested antenna ultra wideband for frequencies ranging from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. In order to design the antennas, we need to know the dimensions 40x40x1.6 mm3 and the thickness of the ground plane (0.035 mm) (5.2 GHz). There is a method of altering the present distribution by introducing slots. the proposed worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and wireless local area network (WLAN) bands, with a peak gain of 5.2% and an omnidirectional radiation pattern, suitable for ultra wide band (UWB) were shown to be viable.

Extremely Low-Profile Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Electric Coupling for 5G Mobile Terminal Applications

For modern mobile terminals, the shrinking antenna space on terminal frames and the increasing number of 5G antennas motivate engineers to seek new space for antennas. The terminal back cover can provide a large area to accommodate planar antennas; thus, mobile planar antennas are becoming a hotspot recently. This communication proposes a novel approach to develop a dual-band planar antenna with an extremely low profile, which is an urgent need for modern ultra-thin terminals. The first two modes (TM0.5, 0 and TM0.5, 1) of the half-mode patch are adopted to cover the two target bands and a parasitic half-mode patch excited through electric coupling is added to expand the impedance and efficiency bandwidths. The realized dual-band patch antenna operating at partial 5G band N78 (3.40–3.60 GHz) and N79 (4.80–4.97 GHz) is with a profile of only 0.5 mm, about <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.006~\lambda _{{\text {L}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{\text {L}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> refers to the lowest frequencies of the operation band). Measured results show that the −6 dB impedance bandwidths are 3.19–3.42 GHz (230 MHz, 6.9%) and 4.77–5.03 GHz (260 MHz, 5.3%) with average efficiencies of −4.2 dB (39.0%) and −3.7 dB (42.6%) at the lower and higher bands, respectively. As far as the authors know, the proposed antenna is with the lowest profile and highest bandwidth-to-volume ratio (BVR) compared to other reported planar dual-band antennas.

무선랜 중계기용 다층 PCB 구조의 평판형 무지향성 이중공진 안테나

In recent years, efforts have been made to replace rod-shaped monopole antennas with planar antennas exhibiting an omnidirectional radiation pattern. In this paper, we describe the design, fabrication, and testing procedures of a dual-band planar antenna that can replace a monopole antenna used in wireless local area network (LAN) routers. The proposed antenna consists of a square metal patch, square ring, and shorting vias on a multilayer printed circuit board to induce 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz dual-band resonance and omnidirectional radiation patterns. The antenna design is optimized using a 3D full-wave simulation software, and an antenna sample is prepared using the printed circuit board fabrication process. The antenna sample is tuned using a copper tape to resolve the operation frequency mismatch, and its performance is tested using a network analyzer and an anechoic chamber. Furthermore, the antenna sample is installed in a commercial wireless LAN router, and its signal reception is analyzed in an actual wireless communication environment to verify its applicability.

A compact planar dual band two‐port MIMO antenna with high isolation and efficiency

A dual-band two-port MIMO antenna with high isolation and efficiency is proposed in this article. Each antenna element is composed of a rotated U-shaped strip and an L-shaped strip. The MIMO antenna is optimized to operate in 2.5–2.7 GHz and 4.8–5 GHz, which can cover the 5G bands of China Mobile. The defected ground structure consists of a slant square loop with a T-shaped slit and a U-shaped slot. A rectangle parasitic strip is placed in the U-shaped slot. The use of defected ground structure and parasitic strip makes the antenna obtain good isolation which is better than −17.96 dB and − 20.1 dB at the lower and higher frequency bands. To evaluate the antenna diversity, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is analyzed which is lower than 0.0006 and 0.12 at the lower and higher frequency bands, respectively. The measured gains are 4.35 dBi and 4.6 dBi, while the measured efficiencies are 63.23% and 68.69% at 2.6 GHz and 4.9 GHz, respectively. The prototype of antenna is fabricated to verify the functioning of proposed antenna design.

A Compact Dual-band Planar Antenna Loaded with Magneto Dielectric Ferrite

In this paper, a compact dual-band planar antenna loaded with magnetodielectric ferrite is proposed for ISM/GSM/UMTS. Slot and ring structures are dual-resonant mode generators of the antenna. And the characteristic mode analysis is used for the modeling, analysis, and optimization of the proposed antenna. Because of the loading of a piece of rectangular Co22W hexaferrite medium, this antenna can be used in lower frequency bands. The electromagnetic parameters of this ferrite are measured by the transmission line method. Finally, the antenna is fabricated and measured. The operation frequency band (S&lt;11&lt;11−-10 dB) is determined to be 80 MHz (890–970 MHz) and 370 MHz (1.87–2.24 GHz) with the dual resonance frequencies of 925 MHz and 2.175 GHz, respectively, which is capable for ISM (915 MHz)/GSM900/UMTS applications.

Key Technology of Mixed Matching Circuit for Miniaturizing Dual-Band Antenna

A mixed matching circuit for miniaturizing dual-band antenna is introduced and verified in this paper. According to the dual-band allocations on the Smith chart, two L-shaped matching circuit for miniaturization are cascaded to interpret the theory of operation. A matching circuit formula is deduced based on a bidirectional matching track from a certain position to the origin point on the Smith chart. Furthermore, a dual-band antenna is taken as an example to illustrate the performance of the novel matching approach for miniaturization. The occupation of a dual-band antenna can be reduced by a quarter at the simultaneous operational frequencies of 2.4 and 5.8 GHz. Finally, a dual-band planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is fabricated and measured. The experimental results have a good agreement with those in the simulator.

A Novel Dual-Band Implantable Antenna for Pancreas Telemetry Sensor Applications

In this study, a novel implantable dual-band planar inverted F-antenna (PIFA) is proposed and designed for wireless biotelemetry. The developed antenna is intended to operate on the surface of the pancreas within the Medical Device Radiocommunications Service (MedRadio 401–406 MHz) and the industrial scientific and medical band (ISM, 2.4–2.5 GHz). The design analysis was carried out in two steps, initially inside a canonical model representing the pancreas, based on a finite element method (FEM) numerical solver. The proposed antenna was further simulated inside the human body taking into account the corresponding dimensions of the tissues and the electrical properties at the frequencies of interest using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical solver. Resonance, radiation performance, electrical field attenuation, total radiated power, and specific absorption rate (SAR), which determines the safety of the patient and the maximum permissible input power and other electromagnetic parameters, are presented and evaluated.

Analysis of the Electromagnetic Absorption in a New Design of PIFA Antenna Using Metamaterials

This paper presents the design, simulation and fabrication of a miniaturized wearable dual-band antenna put on a rigid substrate and operable at 2.45/5.8 GHz for wireless local area network applications. The electrical and radiation characteristics of the developed antenna were obtained by means of the technical insertion of a slot to tune the operating frequencies. To study the impact of the electromagnetic radiation of the structure of the human body, it is necessary to minimize the back radiation towards the user. Therefore, in this work, a multi-band artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) was placed directly above a dual-band planar inverted F antenna to achieve a miniaturization with excellent radiation performance. The simulations were carried out using the computer simulation technology CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS). A good agreement was achieved between the simulation and experimental results. The comparison of the measurement findings indicates that, when the antenna was backed by the AMC plane, the gain improved from 1.84 to 3.8 dB, in the lower band, and from 2.4 to 4.1 dB in the upper band. The front-to-back ratio of the AMC backed PIFA antenna was also enhanced. Then, to ensure that the proposed AMC structure is harmless to the human body, this prototype was placed on three-layer human tissue cubic model. It was observed that, due to the inclusion of an AMC plane, the peak specific absorption rate (SAR) decreased to 1.45 and 1.1 W/kg at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, respectively (a reduction of around 3.7 W/kg, compared with an antenna without (AMC).

A Compact Planar Dual-Band Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output Antenna with High Isolation for 5G and 4G Applications.

Featured Application The proposed dual-band MIMO antenna can be a good candidate for 5G and 4G applications. In this paper, a compact planar dual-band multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation is presented to satisfy the increasing requirements of wireless communication. The proposed antenna array consists of two identical radiating elements which are fed through micro-strip lines. A rectangular micro-strip stub with defected ground plane is employed to achieve a high isolation which is less than −15 dB between the two antenna elements. The size of the entire MIMO antenna is 32 × 32 × 1.59 mm3, which is printed on an FR4 substrate. The proposed MIMO antenna is optimized to operate in 2.36–2.59 GHz and 3.17–3.77 GHz bands, which can cover the fifth-generation (5G) n7 (2.5–2.57 GHz) and the fourth-generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) band 42 (3.4–3.6 GHz). The proposed MIMO antenna is feasible for the 5G and 4G applications.

Design of Compact Dual-band High-gain Planar Antenna for WLAN

A compact dual-band planar antenna with high gain for WLAN application is presented. The antenna fed by CPW is composed of T-type feed and double C-type meander line, which generate the higher and lower operation bands respectively. DGS structure in CPW ground broadens the bandwidths of high frequency. Through electromagnetic simulator software simulation and analysis, the overall size is 30×15.25×1.6mm. The simulation results show that the proposed antenna can operate in 2.35∼2.52GHz and 3.85∼6.14GHz, which cover the WLAN operating bands of IEEE 802.11n and 802.11a/b/g. The gain is 1.42dBi at 2.45GHz, and 4.42dBi at 5.2GHz, and 5.38dBi at 5.8GHz, respectively. The radiation patter of the antenna is omnidirectional and has higher gain.

Design and Evaluation of a Flexible Dual-Band Meander Line Monopole Antenna for On- and Off-Body Healthcare Applications

The human body is an extremely challenging environment for wearable antennas due to the complex antenna-body coupling effects. In this article, a compact flexible dual-band planar meander line monopole antenna (MMA) with a truncated ground plane made of multiple layers of standard off-the-shelf materials is evaluated to validate its performance when worn by different subjects to help the designers who are shaping future complex on-/off-body wireless devices. The antenna was fabricated, and the measured results agreed well with those from the simulations. As a reference, in free-space, the antenna provided omnidirectional radiation patterns (ORP), with a wide impedance bandwidth of 1282.4 (450.5) MHz with a maximum gain of 3.03 dBi (4.85 dBi) in the lower (upper) bands. The impedance bandwidth could reach up to 688.9 MHz (500.9 MHz) and 1261.7 MHz (524.2 MHz) with the gain of 3.80 dBi (4.67 dBi) and 3.00 dBi (4.55 dBi), respectively, on the human chest and arm. The stability in results shows that this flexible antenna is sufficiently robust against the variations introduced by the human body. A maximum measured shift of 0.5 and 100 MHz in the wide impedance matching and resonance frequency was observed in both bands, respectively, while an optimal gap between the antenna and human body was maintained. This stability of the working frequency provides robustness against various conditions including bending, movement, and relatively large fabrication tolerances.

A Phase Angle-Modulated Bat Algorithm with Application to Antenna Topology Optimization

This paper proposes a phase angle-modulated bat algorithm (P-AMBA) for high-dimensional binary optimization. The idea was to reduce the optimization time by introducing angle modulation technology to reduce the optimization dimensions. Different from the original angle-modulated bat algorithm (AMBA), the control of the trigonometric generating function cosine wave is by introducing new parameters, thereby improving the perturbation ability of the function curve near the x-axis. P-AMBA can explore more 0/1 solutions, and it has advantages in optimizing convergence speed and global search capabilities. The numerical results of the 0–1 knapsack problem tests show that P-AMBA is superior to the contrast algorithms on optimization ability and optimization time. Finally, the experimental result of a compact dual-band planar monopole antenna design showed the effectiveness of P-AMBA in engineering applications.

Garuda Vyuha based Microstrip patch antenna structure with high-gain for dual-band wireless applications

In this paper, a high-gain dual-band planar Microstrip patch antenna is designed to work at two different frequencies namely 5.6GHz and 7.4GHz. The antenna structure is in the form of Garuda Vyuha and has high directivity. The results propose that the Garuda Vyuha based antenna structure has very low profile and good polarization characteristics. The proposed antenna structure is simulated using ADS software and from the simulated results, the return loss is -15.094dB at 5.681GHz and -12.371dB at 7.337GHz. The Antenna operates at a bandwidth of 22MHz at 5.6GHz and 41MHZ at 7.4GHz. The Antenna provides a directivity of 5.921 at 5.6GHz and 6.2 at 7.4GHz. This antenna structure can be used for dual band applications in Wireless systems operating in these bands.

Circuit Modelling Methodology for Dual-band Planar Antennas

This paper presents a simple and systematic approach to determine the equivalent frequencyindependent circuit model for a dual-band planar antenna. The Foster Canonical network synthesis technique with two RLC tanks has been employed to generate the two resonant bands of the antenna. The transfer function model is subsequently refined using a data fitting algorithm (viz the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm). Parametric adjustments are performed at the final stage in order to further improve the accuracy of the final parameters.

High-gain dual-band antenna with AMC surface for satellite communications

ABSTRACT A dual-band planar dipole antenna, incorporated with a zigzag-shaped dual-band artificial magnetic conductor with gain enhancement, is proposed here. By using 5×9 AMC surface as substrate to the dipole antenna, the bidirectional radiation pattern of the dipole antenna is transformed to unidirectional radiation pattern. The separation distance between the dipole antenna and the AMC surface is λ/6 at 5.5 GHz. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured to verify the simulation results. The experimental results ensure good impedance matching (S11 < −10 dB) over two frequency bands (i.e. 5.1–6.2 GHz and 6.75–7.24 GHz). The composite antenna also provides a maximum gain of 8.94 dB at 5.5 GHz with a gain variation of only 0.5 dB over the two operating frequency bands. In addition, the cross-polarization level is less than −15 dB for both E and H planes.

Design of a Dual-Band Planar Inverted F-L Implantable Antenna for Biomedical Applications

In this paper, a dual-band planar inverted F-L implantable antenna, which operates at theMedical Implant Communications Services (MICS) and Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands, is introduced. The proposed antenna is printed on RO3010 substrate of thickness 2mm, relative permittivity 10.2, and loss tangent 0.0023. A short-circuit pin inserted between the ground plane and the patch is used to downsize the antenna. The dimension of the antenna is 27 × 19 × 2 mm3. The proposed implantable antenna covers a frequency band of 9.4 MHz [397-406.4 MHz] at MICS band with a return loss of -20.02dB at 403 MHz and a frequency band of 80 MHz [2.41-2.49 GHz] at ISM band with a return loss of -22.82 at 2.45 GHz. Design and analysis of the proposed antenna is carried out by Computer Simulation Technologies (CST) Microwave studio.

Design of a Dual Band On and Off-Body Antenna for Medical Applications

Design of a dual-band Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) for on-body and off-body communications implementable in medical applications is presented in this paper. Both free-space and on-body performance parameters of this antenna are shown and examined through the simulation process using CST software. This planer inverted F antenna works at ISM band (2.45 GHz, on-body) and HiperLAN band (5.2 GHz, off-body) simultaneously. This proposed PIFA radiates at the ISM frequency band, dual-band is achieved due to the double F slits and radiates at the HiperLAN frequency band as well. Performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, radiation pattern, and efficiency on free space of this antenna are examined first. Then the on-body performance parameters of this dual-band PIFA have also been tested on some close proximities such as 4mm, 8mm, and 16mm distance from a modified 3-layers human body model. Comparison and analysis between free space results and on-body results are also shown in this paper. As the proposed antenna reveals significant on-body performances at both ISM and HiperLAN bands, it can be said that this antenna will be suitable to be used in different medical applications.