Dual-band MIMO Research Articles

A Miniaturized Full-Ground Dual-Band MIMO Spiral Button Wearable Antenna for 5G and Sub-6 GHz Communications.

A detachable miniaturized three-element spirals radiator button antenna integrated with a compact leaky-wave wearable antenna forming a dual-band three-port antenna is proposed. The leaky-wave antenna is fabricated on a denim (εr = 1.6, tan δ = 0.006) textile substrate with dimensions of 0.37 λ0 × 0.25 λ0 × 0.01 λ0 mm3 and a detachable rigid button of 20 mm diameter (on a PTFE substrate εr = 2.01, tan δ = 0.001). It augments users' comfort, making it one of the smallest to date in the literature. The designed antenna, with 3.25 to 3.65 GHz and 5.4 to 5.85 GHz operational bands, covers the wireless local area network (WLAN) frequency (5.1-5.5 GHz), the fifth-generation (5G) communication band. Low mutual coupling between the ports and the button antenna elements ensures high diversity performance. The performance of the specific absorption rate (SAR) and the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) are also examined. The simulation and measurement findings agree well. Low SAR, <-0.05 of LCC, more than 9.5 dBi diversity gain, dual polarization, and strong isolation between every two ports all point to the proposed antenna being an ideal option for use as a MIMO antenna for communications.

Design and Analysis of Dual Narrow Band MIMO (DNB-MIMO) Antenna for IoT Applications

A compact DNB-MIMO antenna design and analysis for IoT application was proposed. The antennaradiator consists of 2 L-shaaped quarter-wavelengths and inverted 7-shaped radiators with a microstrip feed line, and partial ground plane with a size of 32 × 15 mm2. This antenna achieves a higher quality factor (Q &gt; 10) and narrow band impedance matching at the central frequencies of 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz bands with approximately 8.2% and 6.2% bandwidth respectively. The suitability of the designed antenna for IoT applications is verified through the hosting device model. The proposed 4-port MIMO antenna has an overall size of 60 × 60 ×1.6 mm3, and it is printed on an FR4 substrate. The diversity add comma such as ECC, DG, TARC, MEG, and CCL, are calculated and there values are &lt; 0.19, 9.85 dB, &lt; -25 dB, &lt; -6 dB, &lt; 0.19 bits/Hz/s, respectively, within the limits. The proposed antenna is integrated with the Zigbee module (lowercase) to analyze the performance for IoT applications at 2.4 GHz

A Gain Enhanced Dual-band Low SAR AMC-based MIMO Antenna for WBAN and WLAN Applications

A Gain Enhanced Dual-band Low SAR AMC-based MIMO Antenna for WBAN and WLAN Applications

Dual-Band Two-Port MIMO Antenna for Biomedical Deep Tissue Communication: Design, Characterization, and Performance Analysis

Dual-Band Two-Port MIMO Antenna for Biomedical Deep Tissue Communication: Design, Characterization, and Performance Analysis

Dual Band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for GSM and WLAN Applications

Dual Band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for GSM and WLAN Applications

Dual band MIMO antenna for LTE, 4G and sub-6 GHz 5G applications

In this manuscript, a compact MIMO antenna for wireless application has been presented. The proposed antenna consists of the F-shaped radiator with the circular slot in the center and a rectangular ground plane on the other side of the substrate. The proposed antenna has the overall size of 48 ? 48 mm2. The antenna is designed to work on two frequency bands - from 1.5 to 2.3 GHz, and 3.7 to 4.2 GHz, having the resonating frequency of 1.8 GHz and 3.9 GHz respectively. The diversity performance of the antenna is also observed by using a variety of parameters like envelop correlation coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), etc. The value of ECC is 0.02, which shows good diversity performance of the antenna. In order to validate the simulated and measured results, the proposed antenna has been fabricated and shows good agreement with the each other.

A Freely Extendable Closely Packed Dual-band MIMO Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication

A Freely Extendable Closely Packed Dual-band MIMO Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication

Four-Port Orthogonal Circularly Polarized Dual-Band MIMO Antenna With Polarization and Spatial Diversity Using a Dual-Band Linear-to-Circular Polarization Converter

A dual-band circularly polarized (CP) four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for K/Ka-bands fixed-satellite service is proposed in this communication. The single element of MIMO is composed of a cascade of two dipoles of different lengths resonating at around 20 and 30 GHz. An array of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7 \times 7$ </tex-math></inline-formula> elements of the unit cell of the dual-band linear-to-circular polarization converter is placed at a distance of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> /4 ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is calculated with respect to 19.51 GHz) in the endfire direction of MIMO antenna to obtain an orthogonal CP wave at the two frequency bands. The proposed CP antenna shows good MIMO performance with a correlation coefficient (CC) of less than 0.19 and diversity gain (DG) of better than 0.99 at both the frequency bands. The proposed MIMO also agrees with polarization and spatial diversity, and the CP nature at lower and upper frequency bands can be interchanged by exciting the orthogonal ports. A prototype of the MIMO antenna is fabricated, and the measured CP bandwidths of 11.51% and 3.69% are obtained in the lower (19.65–22.05 GHz) and upper (29.25–30.35 GHz) frequency bands, respectively. The proposed antenna can be used for the Ka-band: 29.5–30.0 and 19.7–20.2 GHz fixed satellite service as uplink and downlink frequencies, respectively.

A Compact Dual Band MIMO Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Improved Performance for mm-Wave Applications.

A compact multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) that is suitable for internet of things (IoT) sensor networks is proposed with reduced coupling between elements. Two rectangular-shaped DRAs have been placed on the opposite sides of a Rogers substrate and each is fed using a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed with slots etched in a dedicated metal ground plane that is located under the DRA. Moreover, locating the elements at the opposite sides of the substrate has improved the isolation by 27 dB without the need to incorporate additional complex structures, which has reduced the overall antenna size. Furthermore, a dual band operation is achieved since each antenna resonates at two frequencies: 28 GHz and 38 GHz with respective impedance matching bandwidths of 18% and 13%. As a result, the corresponding data rates are also increased independently. In addition to the advantages of improved isolation, compact size and dual band operation, the proposed configuration offers a diversity gain (DG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and channel capacity loss (CCL) of 9.98 dB, 0.007, 0.06 bits/s/Hz over the desired bands, respectively. A prototype has been built with good agreement between simulated and measured results.

Minimized Dual-band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for 5G and WLAN Applications

Minimized Dual-band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for 5G and WLAN Applications

A Compact Dual-Band Self-Diplexing MIMO Patch Antenna for ISM and X-Band Communications

A compact, dual-band, and self-diplexing MIMO patch antenna with a shared aperture is presented for Industrial scientific medical (ISM) band and X-band communications. The structure consists of two orthogonal feed lines and a rectangular slot in a square patch. The size of the FR4 substrate is 50 × 50 × 1.6 mm3. The designed structure operates at 5.8 (ISM) and 8 GHz (X-band) frequencies independently with a simulated peak gain of 5.46 and 3.59 dBi respectively. A 13 dB of isolation is obtained for the two orthogonal ports. The obtained frequency ratio range is 1.20-1.33 over the reflection bandwidth. The design structure is fabricated and validated experimentally. The compactness and promising performance in terms of low ECC (Envelope Correlation Coefficient) (<0.1), high peak gain can make the proposed antenna a choice for current wireless devices.

A compact planar dual band two‐port MIMO antenna with high isolation and efficiency

A dual-band two-port MIMO antenna with high isolation and efficiency is proposed in this article. Each antenna element is composed of a rotated U-shaped strip and an L-shaped strip. The MIMO antenna is optimized to operate in 2.5–2.7 GHz and 4.8–5 GHz, which can cover the 5G bands of China Mobile. The defected ground structure consists of a slant square loop with a T-shaped slit and a U-shaped slot. A rectangle parasitic strip is placed in the U-shaped slot. The use of defected ground structure and parasitic strip makes the antenna obtain good isolation which is better than −17.96 dB and − 20.1 dB at the lower and higher frequency bands. To evaluate the antenna diversity, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is analyzed which is lower than 0.0006 and 0.12 at the lower and higher frequency bands, respectively. The measured gains are 4.35 dBi and 4.6 dBi, while the measured efficiencies are 63.23% and 68.69% at 2.6 GHz and 4.9 GHz, respectively. The prototype of antenna is fabricated to verify the functioning of proposed antenna design.

Four-port dual-band MIMO antenna for LTE and sub 6-GHz 5G applications

manuscript presents a novel ring resonator (RR) based coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed four-port MIMO antenna, working around LTE 1.8 GHz and sub-6-GHz 5G applications. The presented MIMO antenna is a based on the microstrip technology and RRs are located on the upper and bottom side of plane of the designed antenna for achieving high isolation and wider bandwidth. The bandwidth and isolation can be adjusted by changing dimension of RR. The total prototype size of proposed MIMO antenna is 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm3 and measured B. W. (S11 ≤ -10 Db) of 0.46 GHz (1.77-2.23 GHz) and 2.45GHz (4.09-6.54 GHz) respectively. The presented MIMO design offers high isolation of -18 dB at both resonating bands. For the purpose of validating the results, planned MIMO antenna design is made-up and tested. A comparison among simulated and tested values of designed antenna has been carried out, and it has been found that they are in good agreement with one another.

A compact dual band MIMO antenna for 5G/WLAN applications

AbstractTo satisfy the increasing requirements of wireless communication, a compact dual band MIMO antenna is presented in this paper. The presented antenna consists of two symmetric radiating elements operating at both 3.5 and 4.5 GHz bands. To enhance the isolation between the two radiating elements, an I-shaped decoupling structure is introduced. The measured −10 dB reflection coefficients frequency bands are 3.3–3.8 and 4.3–5.8 GHz. The measured isolation S21 between the two radiating elements are better than 15 and 17 dB at the lower and higher frequency band, respectively. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 50 × 22 × 1.59 mm3. The measured result indicates that the proposed antenna can be a good candidate for 5 G/WLAN wireless communication.

Numerical Analysis of Users’ Body Effects on a Fourteen-Element Dual-Band 5G MIMO Mobile Terminal Antenna

This paper studies the performance of a 14-element dual-band 5G MIMO antenna with body effect and an antenna selection. The antenna operates in the lower frequency band from 3.10 to 3.85 GHz for 5G bands of LTE 42 and 43, whereas the upper band is from 5.60 to 7.20 GHz for the newly assigned 6 GHz WiFi band. The antenna performance was evaluated in free space and under the effect of human body in three scenarios, namely one-hand, two-hands, and call mode. All resulting envelope correlation coefficients are less than 0.3. On the other hand, the free space efficiency of the antenna elements is between 41 % to 77 % in the lower band and 61 % to 95 % in the upper band. Meanwhile, the efficiency of the elements varies depending on the interaction between each element with the hands and the head, with the least obstructed element efficiency degrading to 8 % relative to free space levels. Due to the body effect, multiplexing efficiency loss varies from 2.68 dB to 5.93 dB and the capacity loss is from 14 % to 38 %. Finally, a selection algorithm is used to assess the performance of the overall antenna when 12, 10 and 8 antenna elements are selected for operation. In free space and with number of elements 12, 10 and 8, the system achieves 91.7 %, 80 % and 67 % from the capacity of the 14-element MIMO antenna, respectively. However, in the vicinity of the body, these values increase to 96.3 %, 85.0 % and 72 % from the capacity of the 14-element MIMO antenna, respectively. This signifies that the less-contributing elements as a result of body blockage can be deselected in order to preserve system resources that these elements consume while contributing less significantly to the performance.

A Four-Port CSRR-Loaded Dual-Band MIMO Antenna With Suppressed Higher Order Modes

In this paper, we propose a compact four-port dual-band MIMO antenna with suppressed higher order modes (HOMs). First, complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) loading is used on a square microstrip antenna to achieve simultaneous miniaturization and dual-band response. Next, the HOMs in the proposed CSRR loaded MIMO configuration are analysed using equivalent circuit model as well as surface current distribution plots. By placing a single shorting post close to antenna center line, these HOMs of the four-port dual-band MIMO antenna are then suppressed, while maintaining satisfactory mutual coupling (<−11 dB) and impedance matching (<−15 dB) performance in the operating band. Furthermore, simulated and measured values of total active reflection coefficient ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TARC</i> ), envelop correlation coefficient ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ECC</i> ) and channel capacity loss ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CCL</i> ) are within the desired levels of −10 dB, 0.5 and 0.5 bits/s/Hz respectively, signifying good diversity performance of the proposed MIMO antenna.

A Defected Circular Ring Dual-band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for 5G and IEEE 802.11 a/ac/ax

A Defected Circular Ring Dual-band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for 5G and IEEE 802.11 a/ac/ax

Compact Configured 5G Dual-Band MIMO Loop Antenna System

This paper presents a compact configured 5G dual-band MIMO loop antenna system for laptop computers. The antenna system consists of two identical 95 × 2 mm2 four-antenna units that are arranged on the top edge of the display ground plane and are 10 mm away from the left and right sides. The four-antenna unit, each being a two-dimensional loop antenna of the same structure and size, are constructed on the on a 0.4 mm-thick FR4 substrate. The loop antenna with only 23 × 2 mm2 size is composed of a T-shaped feed-in section and a double short-circuit loop. In addition, the four loop antennas are arranged in the same direction and side by side with only 1 mm space to form a high-isolation four-antenna unit. The two sets of four-antenna units can cover 5G dual-band operation at 3300–3600 MHz and 4800–5000 MHz. The measured isolation between eight antennas is all better than 15 dB, the measured antenna efficiency is between 35% and 62%, and the measured envelop correlation coefficient ECC calculated from the electric-field radiation pattern is all less than 0.2. This compactly configured eight-antenna system is only 2 mm high in profile, making it ideal for use in 5G laptops with a high screen-to-body ratio.

TWELVE-PORT DUAL-POLARIZED DUAL-BAND MIMO ANTENNA FOR FIFTH-GENERATION MOBILE DEVICES

This research article presents a twelve-port dual-band MIMO antenna for 5G and WLAN-enabled user equipment with dual-polarization characteristics. Both the operating frequencies are of sub-6GHz band centered at 3.6GHz and 5.5GHz respectively that are also independent of each other. Antenna polarizations depend on the excitation of the feed elements on the substrate. The antenna is designed using CST Studio Suite and fabricated on low-cost FR-4 substrate to ensure its easy availability and keep it cost-effective. The radiation pattern acquired for the proposed antenna is bi-directional with good gain and efficiency. The simulation results are in good covenant with experimental results.

Swastika shaped slot embedded two port dual frequency band MIMO antenna for wireless applications

Swastika shaped slot embedded two port dual frequency band MIMO antenna for wireless applications