Dual Axis Solar Tracker Research Articles

Reliable Dynamic Adoptive Dual Axis Solar Tracking Systems (DASTS) with Increased Efficiency

Traditional solar tracking systems typically depend on sunlight intensity to adjust the orientation of solar panels. However, these systems often neglect dynamic environmental factors such as wind, which can significantly impact the performance and safety of solar panels. The proposed Dynamic Adaptive Solar Tracking System (DASTS) aims to enhance energy capture efficiency and ensure the structural stability of solar panels by incorporating time-based data into its tracking algorithm. Utilizing precise geolocation coordinates and temporal data, the DASTS calculates the sun's position relative to the solar panel array. This system adjusts the panels' orientation in real-time to optimize energy capture. To validate the effectiveness of the DASTS, experimental tests were conducted at various times. The results indicate that the DASTS surpasses traditional fixed-tilt and single-axis tracking systems in terms of energy yield and structural stability. Furthermore, the DASTS demonstrated consistent performance across different geographic locations and seasons, underscoring its versatility and efficacy in maximizing solar energy utilization.

Minimum solar tracking system for a Fresnel lens-based LCPV

The aim of the work is to study a low concentration photovoltaic (LCPV) system based on a Fresnel lens with a plano-concave lens and reflective surfaces. The proposed system is aimed at working with single-junction polycrystalline silicon solar cells with a wider reception angle which reduces the energy consumption of the solar tracking system. A software for multiphysics simulations COMSOL was used to simulate the proposed LCPV system with a maximum concentration ratio (6.5), and calculations were carried out to determine the relative position of the lenses from the solar cell. The proposed LCPV system achieves higher acceptance angle (±9.1°) and concentration acceptance angle product (0.447) compared to the conventional LCPV system (±3.1°, 0.153). Calculations of the power consumption of a dual-axis solar tracker using the proposed optical system show a reduction in power consumption of 21 % in azimuth, 37 % in altitude, and 27 % overall when using the proposed optical system.

Design and Implementation of a Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System with IoT-Enhanced Monitoring Using Arduino

The position of the sun varies over the day and with the seasons, making it difficult for conventional fixed solar panel systems to achieve optimum energy production. By reorienting the panels to face the sun, solar tracking systems solve this problem. This study suggests a dual-axis solar tracker system that continuously adjusts the panels to stay perpendicular to sunlight in order to maximize energy capture. The system uses sensors to monitor the sun's elevation and azimuth angles. Light sensors, motor controllers, microcontrollers, control algorithms, and an Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring system are some of the system's essential parts. The microprocessor determines the ideal angles for panel alignment based on the location of the sun as detected by the light sensors. The motor driver then adjusts the panels appropriately. The sun's position is accurately and smoothly tracked using dual-axis tracking systems, which employ sensors to detect solar position and actuators controlled by sophisticated algorithms to adjust the panels accordingly. Real-time parameter monitoring of the solar panel is done using an IoT-enabled webpage. The study's findings show that the dual-axis solar tracker system performs noticeably better in terms of energy capture efficiency than fixed installations, especially in areas with high solar incidence angles and fluctuating sunshine.

A Novel Tracking Strategy Based on Real-Time Monitoring to Increase the Lifetime of Dual-Axis Solar Tracking Systems

Solar tracking systems allow an increase in the use of solar energy for its conversion with photovoltaic technology due to the alignment with the sun. However, there is a compromise between tracking accuracy and the energy required to perform the movement action. Consequently, the wear of the tracker components increases, reducing its useful lifetime and affecting the profitability of these systems. The present research develops a novel tracking strategy based on real-time measurements to increase the lifetime without reducing the energy productivity of the tracking systems. The proposed approach is verified experimentally by implementing the real-time decision-making algorithm and a conventional tracking algorithm in identical tracking systems under the same weather conditions. The proposed strategy reduces energy consumption by 14.18% due to the tracking action, maintaining a practically identical energy generation between both systems. The findings highlight a 53.33% reduction in the movements required for tracking and a 60.77% reduction in operation time, which translates into a 6.8-fold increase in the lifetime of the solar tracking system under the experimental conditions applied. The results are promising, so this research initiates and motivates the development of more complex models to increase the useful life of the tracking systems and their profitability and environmental impact concurrently.

Dual-axis solar tracker system utilizing Fresnel lens for web-based monitoring

Dual-axis solar tracker system utilizing Fresnel lens for web-based monitoring

Dependability Assessment of a Dual-Axis Solar Tracking Prototype Using a Maintenance-Oriented Metric System

This study presents a numerical method for evaluating the maintainability of a dual-axis solar tracking system that can be deployed in residential areas for improved energy production. The purpose of this research manuscript is threefold. It targets the following objectives: (i) First, we present the construction of a self-sufficient dual-axis solar tracking system based on a low-power electronic schematic that requires only one motor driver to control the azimuth and elevation angles of the photovoltaic (PV) panel. The automated system’s main electronic equipment comprises 1 × Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller unit (MCU), 1 × TB6560 stepper driver module, 2 × stepper motors, 2 × relay modules, 1 × solar charge controller, 1 × accumulator, and 1 × voltage convertor. Additional hardware components such as photoresistors, mechanical limit switches, rotary encoders, voltage, and current sensors are also included to complete the automation cycle of the solar tracking system. (ii) Second, the Arduino Mega 2560 prototyping board is replaced by a custom-made and low-cost application-specific printed circuit board (ASPCB) based on the AVR controller. The MCU’s possible fault domain is then further defined by examining the risks of the poor manufacturing process, which can lead to stuck-at-0 (Sa0) and stuck-at-1 (Sa1) defects. Besides these issues, other challenges such as component modularity, installation accessibility, and hardware failures can affect the automated system’s serviceability. (iii) Third, we propose a novel set of maintenance-oriented metrics that combine the previously identified variables to provide a maintainability index (MI), which serves as a valuable tool for evaluating, optimizing, and maintaining complex systems such as solar tracking devices. The experimental data show that the computed MI improves the system’s maintainability and enhances repair operations, increasing uptime.

Comparative performance evaluation of dual-axis solar trackers: Enhancing solar harvesting efficiency

Nowadays, renewable energy is a much discussable topic because of its important specifications such as pollution and un end sources. This paper emphasizes the importance and capabilities of the dual axis solar tracking system (DASTS) of solar cell technologies. The study carried out a practical process of a dual-axis system design, which practically demonstrates the influence of dual-axis solar trackers, including their operational principles, advantages, and associated challenges. Furthermore, it has been shown that dual-axis solar trackers can significantly increase solar energy yield by capturing maximum sunlight, making them an important advancement in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of solar energy generation. The paper also presents a performance evaluation of a solar tracker system that improved energy output by 45 % compared to the fixed solar panel (FSP) while also reducing the numerical calculation (NC) efficiency of DASTS by 3.16 %. Based on these findings, solar tracker systems can provide sustainable and environmentally friendly energy solutions that are both feasible and substantial.

Advancing sustainable cooling: Performance analysis of a solar-driven thermoelectric refrigeration system for eco-friendly solutions

The solar-powered thermoelectric refrigerator (SPTR) is an innovative approach that uses solar energy to cool spaces. Its effectiveness relies on solar insolation rates and an intelligent dual-axis solar tracking system (STS) that maximizes solar energy capture. Performance analysis of SPTR with the fixed panel solar system (WST) and dual-axis STS by keeping the SPTR at a standard ambient temperature of 25 °C was carried out under local climate conditions. The experimental test setup includes a thermoelectric refrigerator (TER), thermoelectric module (TEM), solar panels, and STS. The experimental findings showed that the coefficient of performance (COP) of SPTR depends on the solar irradiance, the system's input power, the surface temperature of the solar panels, and the cooling rate. The maximum and minimum values of COPs were 1.19 and 0.27 for directly coupled SPTR with a WST and 2.07 and 0.39 for STS, respectively. Compared with the stand-still solar system, a COP enhancement of 44–75 % is achieved. The results also show that the cooling load is a function of the refrigerated space, and the products are to be cooled, which is affected by the thermoelectric properties of the TEM. The cooling rate is recorded at its maximum when the system is operated using an STS on a clear sunny day with a maximum solar insolation rate. The SPTR has proven to be environmentally friendly, the best alternative to conventional cooling systems, and sustainable due to the independence of traditional energy resources.

Comparative analysis of solar module configuration and tracking systems for enhanced energy generation in South Sakucia Union, Bhola, Bangladesh: A software based analysis

Bangladesh is blessed with an extensive range of solar energy generation possibilities; however, the primary impediment to attaining its full potential in the solar energy industry is the inadequate budget in the energy sector. As a result, determining the most economical and efficient solar module configuration for each specific scenario has become a critical necessity. This study offers a comprehensive techno-economic analysis and environmental impact assessment of four distinct solar modules: monofacial, bifacial, dual-axis solar tracker, and seasonal tilt solar module, in an open area of South Sakucia Union, Bhola district, in the southwest part of Bangladesh. By integrating energy-generation capabilities, financial metrics, and environmental benefits, this research provides a holistic evaluation framework to ensure optimal economic performance and minimal adverse environmental effects for sustainable solar solutions in Bangladesh. Utilizing PV*SOL, PVsyst, and System Advisor Model (SAM) software, this study assesses energy-generation capabilities and economic viability. Despite the dual-axis solar tracker exhibiting the highest average energy generation (149,070.3 kWh/year), its higher initial cost renders it less financially viable compared to other configurations. Financial metrics reveal that the seasonal tilt configuration is the most cost-efficient, with the lowest Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) at $0.0452/kWh and the highest Net Present Value (NPV) of $52,887.70. Additionally, it has the shortest Discounted Payback Period (DPBP) at 12.69 years, a favorable Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 9.460 %, and a Profitability Index (PI) of 1.459, indicating robust returns on investment. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both energy-generation capabilities and financial metrics when evaluating solar module configurations in the southern part of Bangladesh, serving as a valuable reference for policymakers. Moreover, meticulous environmental impact assessments assist in choosing configurations with minimal adverse effects on the environment.

Hardware implementation of type-2 fuzzy logic control for single axis solar tracker

Solar tracker widely maximizes solar energy harvesting by maintaining a perpendicular relative position between the sun and the solar panel. Single and dual-axis solar tracker controllers are the most control mechanisms that are widely implemented. The single-axis solar tracker (SAST) is preferable between those two control mechanisms due to economic and simpler control algorithm features. Many control algorithms have been proposed to improve the performance of SAST. The conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller has major limitations mainly corresponding to slower response. Moreover, it cannot handle the uncertainties of the sunlight. To overcome the problem, type 2-fuzzy logic control (T2-FLC) is proposed. The single-axis solar tracker controller based on T2-FLC is applied in Arduino and implemented in the hardware environment. It was monitored that the T2-FLC provides much better responses than the conventional controllers in terms of better dynamic response and more efficiency in harvesting solar energy.

Design and Implementation of A Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System using Arduino Uno Microcontroller

This paper presents a dual-axis solar tracking system developed and evaluated using LDR sensors and stepper motors, controlled by an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The aim was to enhance photovoltaic energy efficiency by designing a system capable of automatically adjusting the position of solar panels to follow the sun's movement throughout the day. Comparative testing between static solar panels and those equipped with solar trackers demonstrated that the latter produced 35% more power on average. Additionally, the dual tracking system showed a 14% improvement in efficiency over previous averages noted in existing references. Analysis of azimuth and elevation angles confirmed that the solar tracker accurately adjusted the panels' position, significantly boosting solar energy capture. This finding is consistent with prior research, which also supports the efficacy of solar trackers in enhancing photovoltaic efficiency. Future research should expand testing to include various weather and environmental conditions and focus on developing more advanced control algorithms to enhance system responsiveness. Continuous advancements in solar tracking technology are vital for maximizing solar energy potential and facilitating a transition to a more sustainable society.

Design and Implementation of Extremum-Seeking Control Based on MPPT for Dual-Axis Solar Tracker

The increase in the production efficiency of photovoltaic technology depends on its alignment in relation to the solar position. Solar tracking systems perform the tracking action by implementing control algorithms that help the reduction of tracking errors. However, conventional algorithms can reduce the life of actuators and mechanisms due to control action, significantly reducing operation times and profitability. In this article, an unconventional control scheme is developed to address the mentioned challenges, presenting the design and implementation of an extremum-seeking control to perform maximum power point tracking for a two-axis solar tracker instrumented with a solar module. The proposed controller is governed by the dynamics of a classic proportional-integral scheme and assisted by sensorless feedback. Also, it has an anti-wind-up-type configuration for the integral component and counts with a variable amplitude for the dither signal. The proposal is validated experimentally by comparison between a fixed system and a two-axis system in azimuth-elevation configuration. In addition, two performance indices are defined and analyzed, system energy production and tracking error. The results show that the proposal allows producing up to 27.75% more than a fixed system, considering the tracker energy consumption due to the tracking action and a pointing accuracy with ±1.8° deviation. Finally, an analysis and discussion are provided based on the results, concluding that the proposed algorithm is a viable alternative to increase the performance of tracked photovoltaic systems.

Design of Model Predictive Control and IoT for Experimental Dual Axis Solar Tracker System based on FPGA

Design of Model Predictive Control and IoT for Experimental Dual Axis Solar Tracker System based on FPGA

Comparative Study on Efficiency Analysis of Fixed and Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System

Solar energy is a crucial renewable energy source, offering sustainable solutions to address energy demands and combat climate change. Maximizing the efficiency of solar energy harvesting is essential for widespread adoption and integration into the energy landscape. Solar tracking systems play an important role in increasing the efficiency of solar panels by optimizing their orientation towards the sun throughout the day. This research presents a comparative analysis of the efficiency of dual-axis solar tracking systems using Light-Dependent Resistors (LDRs) as input devices. A closed-loop tracking technique is implemented to adjust the position of the solar panels based on real-time sensor feedback. A comparative study between LDRs demonstrates their effectiveness in detecting the sun's position, despite limitations such as susceptibility to ambient light conditions and saturation to light intensity. Through experimental evaluation and data analysis, this study provides valuable insights into the power output and assessment of efficiency variation of dual-axis solar tracking systems offering applications for optimizing solar energy harvesting in practical scenarios.

Implementation of dual-axis solar tracker using smart battery protection system

Solar energy plays a vital role in power generation as a part of renewable energy source. Due to the intermittent nature of solar input and to increase the power output a dual-axis solar tracker is considered initially, and the power output is stored in the battery. The power extracted from the solar is enhanced with a dual tracker compared with other techniques. Moreover, the stored power in the battery is effected by cycles of charging and discharge. To aid and improve the performance of batteries a novel smart battery protection scheme is introduced. This scheme considers the battery parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature within the prescribed limit. Also, during fault conditions, this scheme provides safe operation of the battery which enhances the battery life.

Suntrack Weather: Real Time Solar Power Weather Update

The need for efficient solar energy utilization has become increasingly evident in the face of climate change and growing energy demands. This led to the recognition of the problem of suboptimal energy capture in fixed solar panels. Through extensive research and observations, it was identified that conventional fixed solar panels do not fully harness the available solar energy due to the sun's changing position throughout the day. This realization prompted the exploration of advanced tracking systems to improve energy capture. How the Problem was identified: In addressing the challenge of maximizing solar energy capture, various solar tracking technologies have been developed. Single-axis trackers are among the initial solutions, adjusting panels on a horizontal axis to follow the sun's east-west movement. However, these systems fail to account for the sun's changing altitude throughout the day. Dual-axis solar tracking systems emerged as a more advanced solution, capable of continuously aligning solar panels in both the horizontal and vertical planes. These systems employ an array of sensors, microcontrollers, and actuators to precisely track the sun's position, thereby significantly enhancing energy output. KEYWORDS: Sun-track weather, Real-time, Solar power, Weather update, Sun tracking technology.

Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for Dual-Axis Solar Tracking Photovoltaic Systems

This research presents the design and implementation of an intelligent maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller for dual-axis solar tracking photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed controller integrates an advanced MPPT algorithm with a dual-axis solar tracker mechanism to optimize energy extraction from PV panels. Sensor data is utilized to dynamically adjust the solar tracker's orientation and the PV array's operating point simultaneously. The system's hardware and software components are developed, including a microcontroller, sensors, motor drivers, and control algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate improved energy yield and efficiency compared to conventional fixed-axis or single-axis tracking systems. Keywords: Maximum Power Point Tracking, Dual-Axis Solar Tracking, Photovoltaic Systems, Intelligent Control, Energy Optimization

Solar Panel Sun-Rays Tracking and Cleaning System for Improvement in Power Efficiency

There is an increasing need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and find more environmentally friendly ways to power the planet. An estimated 4 billion years will pass before the sun stops shining, making it a renewable natural power source. A sustainable method of generating electricity from the sun's energy is offered by solar power systems. In comparison with single axis solar tracker, a dual axis solar tracker tracks the sun at every instance hereby increasing the efficiency by 30-35%. In this system we have a solar panel which tracks the position of the sun and always try to remain perpendicular to sun rays. It will track the sun in all four directions i.e east-west and north-south. This paper focus more on Design of Dual tracking system, which includes installation of GPS and RTC system, stored energy usage for application , periodic cleaning in order to maintain efficiency of panel and comparative analysis of stored energy. Alternative, less expensive options have been suggested because the solar tracking equipment is expensive to manufacture.The goal of this effort is to create a solar dual tracking system model that includes solar panel cleaning as well.

Solar Powered Air Purification and Cooling

This paper presents a pioneering approach to address indoor air quality challenges in urban residential spaces through the integration of solar power and advanced technology. The developed system leverages dual-axis solar tracker technology for efficient energy harvesting and storage, ensuring continuous operation. Automation driven by energy-efficient algorithms orchestrates indoor air filtration using sensors and advanced filters to remove dust and toxic gases effectively. A key innovation is the integration of renewable energy with air purification, contributing to sustainable urban practices and healthier living environments. Central to this system is an intelligent air quality monitoring framework, based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller, facilitating real-time assessment of indoor air quality. Rigorous testing and residential experiments validated the system's capability in accurately monitoring air quality indicators. The findings highlight the potential impact of this system in mitigating the transmission of airborne viruses and pollutants, thereby enhancing indoor air quality significantly. This project represents a crucial step towards creating sustainable and healthier urban living environments. Key Words: indoor air quality, solar power, air purification, intelligent monitoring, urban sustainability.

Development of a dual-axis solar tracker for efficient sun energy harvesting

Climate change, global warming, and rising fossil fuel pose significant challenges in present days across worldwide. To combat these issues, governments and organizations are promoting renewable energy sources, such as solar power, which converts sunlight into electricity or thermal energy. In the current scenario, static-oriented Photovoltaic (PV) panels are hampered by fluctuations in the sun's trajectory, leading to suboptimal solar energy conversion. To address these issues, this manuscript proposes a low-cost prototype of a two-axis solar tracker that integrates four optical sensor modules as feedback sensors and two direct current geared motors to maximize solar energy harvesting. Comparative analysis between a fixed-oriented PV panel and the solar tracker, using conventional on–off and artificial intelligence-based fuzzy logic control methods, verifies the two-axis solar tracker's performance. The fuzzy logic controller-based solar tracker net energy gains approximately 14.2% more power than the fixed-oriented PV panel daily and boasts an average tracking error of 0.29°, indicating its reliability.