Dual Attitude Research Articles

ТРАНСГРАНИЧНАЯ МИГРАЦИЯ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ДИАСПОР : КИТАЙЦЫ ВО ФРАНЦИИ

The prerequisites and stages of formation of the modern Chinese diaspora in France are considered as part of the global process of development of cross-border migration and its transition to a new quality - the formation of diasporas. The ties of diaspora with China and their perception in the French society are characterized. The dual attitude towards China in France is emphasized: fear of its foreign economic expansion, on the one hand, and assessment of the prospects of economic relations, on the other hand. The composition and characteristics of the Chinese diaspora are analyzed. The prerequisites for the business success of the Chinese are revealed, and contradictory attitudes to them in French society are stated: «a model minority (mêdel minority)» in public opinion and «racism of resentment» in the «collective unconscious».

The Belgian DNA Debate: An Online Deliberative Platform on the Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues of Genomics

Introduction: Genomics is increasingly being implemented in the society. To fully realise this implementation, citizens should be consulted about their perspectives on genomics and its associated ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) to enable them to co-create with experts a society-supported framework in genomics. Methods: A Belgian online DNA debate was organised, where 1,127 citizens contributed to its deliberative platform. Results: Contributors expressed a dual attitude towards the societal use of genomic information throughout 5 main themes. Firstly, contributors considered DNA to have a significant but nondeterministic impact on identity. The second theme describes how genomic information may guide people’s behaviour but has unfavourable effects such as psychological distress. The third theme covers the tension between a genomics-based responsibility and the rejection of genetic discrimination. The fourth theme depicts how genomic information may be useful for the common good and society at large but how, nevertheless, it should be people’s free choice to use this information. In the fifth theme, contributors expressed both willingness to share their data and caution towards the harm and abuses this may engender. Finally, contributors formulated some recommendations for the responsible implementation of genomics. Discussion and Conclusion: The attitude of contributors towards the societal use of genomic information and its ELSI aligns with a soft precautionary approach, in which prudence and the weighing of different values should result in protective measures against potential risks and harms. Further societal implementation of genomics should include these values and concerns.

Standardisation: bolstering positive attitudes towards endangered language varieties? Evidence from implicit attitudes

ABSTRACT Language maintenance research generally argues that providing endangered varieties with a standard impacts positively their vitality by e.g. increasing positive attitudes. This paper investigates whether different degrees of linguistic proximity between vernacular varieties and the standard may lead to different speakers’ attitudes towards the vernacular varieties. Following sociopsychological models of implicit automatic attitudes, e.g. dual attitude models, we hypothesised that varieties that have a more linguistically close standard would elicit more positive attitudes. We then used an online Auditory Implicit Association Test to investigate attitudes towards vernacular Moselle Franconian varieties in two speech communities, the Belgische Eifel in Belgium and the Éislek in Luxembourg. Moselle Franconian is considered generally vulnerable (UNESCO), and the two speech communities have opted for different methods of introducing a standard variety. While the speech community of Luxembourg created an ‘own’ linguistically close standard (Standard Luxembourgish), the Belgian speech community relies on a more linguistically distant standard, namely Standard German. Results show that linguistic distance between the standard and its vernaculars can impact on speakers’ attitudes. Our findings have important implications for the role of standardisation processes in language maintenance efforts.

『道詵祕記』 의 변화 과정과 그 역할

Doseon(道詵)’s prophets had a different name for the times, but it influenced Korea’s history for many years. Doseon(道詵)’s prophets, which began in the 11th century, were based on the perception of ‘the master of feng shui’, During the Goryeo Dynasty, it was mainly discussed in the discussion concerning the fate of the country. After Joseon was founded, it was transformed into a means to justify the collapse of Goryeo and Joseon’s founding. However, as Joseon entered a period of stability, Doseon(道詵) and his prophets became subject to criticism and control. Nevertheless, The government still showed a dual attitude of recognizing Doseon(道詵)’s authority when it comes to eum-taek feng shui. This led to a contradiction that deepened the anti-Generation of Doseon(道詵)’s prophets but also raised the Doseon(道詵)’s authority. As a result, in the 16th century, Doseon(道詵)’s prophets emerged that predicted the fall of Joseon, and In the 18th century, Doseonbigi(道詵祕記) that predicted chaos emerged. In the process, Doseon(道詵) was established as a ‘preditor’ and the prophecy borrowed his name was expanded to produce. Since then, Doseon(道詵) and his prophecy have become a cause and a means in various disturbance. In the end, it influenced the formation of the present Jeonggamnok(鄭鑑錄).

Economic aspekts of interaction of individual and society in informative society

The economic aspects of relations between an individual and society as the core of development of information society consisting of two new classes − netocrats and consumers are analyzed. The dual attitude of netocrats to scientists is noted. Different approaches to the problem of «planned obsolescence» of household objects are considered. It is emphasized that consumption stimulated by the aggressive impact of information technologies on people depresses their lives, thus destroying the environment. It is concluded that active online advertising attracts individuals to the rows of the consumer. The control over personal data of the computer can turn into a system of estimates of an individual's loyalty.

ЭСХАТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ РУССКИХ СПИРИТУАЛИСТОВ КОНЦА XIX – НАЧАЛА XX В.

The article analyzes the correlation between eschatological and anthropological perspectives of Russian spiritualists on the example of their views on corporeity. According to spiritualists, the core eschatological event should come with the transfiguration of the human nature that was supposed to manifest itself through a complete replacement of ‘material’ body by the ‘subtle’ one. They regarded such development as an element of teleological evolutionary process that was attributed an eschatological significance. Spiritualists had dual attitude towards the body: on the one hand, the category of the ‘material’ had explicitly negative connotations in the spiritualistic discourse, but, on the other hand, ‘subtle’ bodies were not absolutely immaterial. The human body served as a scheme by which the cosmos was modelled, and this made itself evident in the use of organic metaphors by spiritualists. The outcome of the eschatological process was seen in the reunification of a cosmic organism. The human was pictured as able to transform itself by its own effort and thus to predetermine the outcome of the eschatological process, which was understood as an anthropocosmic process.

King Yima — Jam — Jamshid: From Mythological Hero to Literary Image

The article is devoted to the evolution of the mythological personage, ancient king, and cultural hero Yima in Persian literature of the Muslim period. With the help of translations of the Avesta as well as commentary and theological texts of Middle Persian literature, the work depicts Yima’s main creative functions as the keeper and protector of living beings, ruler of the world in the “Golden Age,” grantor of corporeal immortality, upholder of the cosmic and social order, and savior of the world from a natural catastrophe. These functions are opposed by the role of Yima as the first sinner, through whose fault the “Golden Age” was lost. The rudiments of the complex of mythological legends that have developed around Yima are reflected in Shahnama, the great epos that continued the Iranian narrative tradition of ancient times and the early Middle Ages. All the motifs based on Jam-Jamshid’s legends in different genres of lyric and lyric-epic poetry of XI–XIV centuries can be divided into three groups and they reflect the dual attitude towards this hero. The choice of a motif of a certain group in Persian classical poetry directly depended on genre context (panegyric, didactic, mysticallegoric, anacreontic). In lyric-epic and lyric poetry (qasida and qhazal), the circle of motifs connected with Jam-Jamshid are concentrated around Jamshid’s Throne and Jamshid’s Cup. Some similarities of Jamshid and Suleiman stories led to a merging of the two heroes in the Iranian tradition and even to a contamination of their roles and attributes. Sufi poets often used the motif Jamshid’s Cup showing the entire Universe (jam-i giti-nama) as a symbol of mystical knowledge.

ПРОБЛЕМА СКІНЧЕННОСТІ ЛЮДСЬКОГО ІСНУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ ФОЛЬКЛОРІ

The article analyzes the existential problems of life, death and immortality in Ukrainian folklore (based on Ukrainian fairy tales). In the corpus of Ukrainian folk tales there are widely used topics, which in European philosophy and literature are called "tragic foundations of human existence" - awareness of the inevitability of death in the earthly existence of man, the search for forms of individual immortality. In Ukrainian fairy tales there is a dual attitude of the individual to the inevitability of his own death. On the one hand, there is the motive of reconciliation with the fate of human destiny, and in order to relieve the painful feeling of one's own finitude, the instruction on the higher meaning of the existence of death is forced. Death is justified because it appears as the prevention of the absurdity of infinite human existence or as an obstacle to the debauchery of the whims and dangerous wishes of the individual, or ultimately as the punishment of people for violating the commandments of the Supreme Spiritual Creature. In other words, death appears in a number of fairy tales as the expression of the highest world justice. At the same time, death mostly appears in fairy tales as an objectified pagan idea of Death as a concrete living creature with its whims, sympathies and weaknesses. The problem of finding ways to achieve immortality is traced in Ukrainian fairy tales in two ways. Most often, this search unfolds in the plane of the victory of the hero of the fairy tale over death, or through the imprisonment of death, or through the marriage of the hero to a divine being. This is a very common motive in the tales around the world. Less common is the motive of achieving immortality through the moral self-improvement of the hero, his compliance to the moral commandments of God. This is already a reflection in fairy tales of the influence of Christianity on the spiritual world of the ancestors of modern Ukrainians.

Система концептуальних домінант ідіодискурсу Ф.С. Фіцджеральда

The work is devoted to the integrated study of the cognitive-communicative organization of Fitzgerald’s idiodiscourse within the cognitive-communicative paradigm of knowledge. With this aim, the role and place ofFitzgerald’s idiodiscourse in the socioculture of the USA in the first half of the XXc. have been determined. In addition, its conceptual system has been modeled andcommunicative-functional understanding of its textual continuum has been offered.The conceptual system of Fitzgerald’s idiodiscourse is outlined bymacroconcepts LOST GENERATION , AMERICAN DREAM , ALIENATION and JAZZISM . Theydo not exist separately; on the contrary, they interact with each other asinterdetermined constituents of the same causative chain. LOST GENERATION is thecause, which goes side by side with the aim – AMERICAN DREAM . The peculiarities ofthe latter resulted in ALIENATION of its representatives and appearance of JAZZISM .The macroconcepts unfold by means of subordinate to them hyper-, hypo-and (cata)concepts. Their textual realisation is based on the ramified system oflexical means (somatisms, chromatonyms and meronyms) and stylistic devices(metaphor, mataphtonymy, colour symbolism and simile). Together they createthat peculiar to Fitzgerald’s idiodiscourse dual nature of its cognitive andaxiological parameters, which reflects critical and/or dual attitude of the author toAmerican socioculture in the first half of the XX c.

BETWEEN FISHING, MINING, AND SUCTION VESSEL: THE COMPROMISE OF TELUK LIMAU PEOPLE, WEST BANGKA, ON TIN MINING AGGRESSION

Teluk Limau Village is a tin-rich coastal village located in the northern tip of Bangka Island and administratively is a part of West Bangka Regency. With its natural wealth, the people of Teluk Limau have long been known as an area rich with marine resources as they are known as fishing villages. As the tin has begun permitted to be freely mined; however, Teluk Limau Village faces three major situations, namely the temptation to mine, the desire to continuously wrestle the marine world, and the lure of suction vessel companies to extract tin in its coastal areas. This paper used qualitative research method to explore information by determining snowball sampling. This study resulted in an attitude crossing among the people in which a half remained to be fisherman, some chose to become miners, and some other chose to compromise with the suction vessels existence that were visibly confronted with fishermen and community miners. After two major conflicts in opposing the existence of an offshore tin mining, the people finally decided to make peace, and even some of them decided to pursue the dual role of seasonal fishermen and seasonal miners. The study finally concluded that in situations where the benefits of all parties could be negotiated, in the end the dual attitude would not be a problem. Being agree to let them operate even disagree to each other's attitude has been the pragmatic choice of Teluk Limau Village people.

Dual Number-Based Relative Position and Attitude Coordinated Control for Multi-Rigid-Body System

The paper focuses on finding a dual number solution to position and attitude coordinated control for a multi-rigid-body system. First, a relative motion coupling model of a multi-rigid-body system is established under the framework of dual number and dual quaternion theory. Then, a coordinated control strategy that uses graph theory based on a derived new type of dual quaternion is proposed to simultaneously control the position and attitude of a multi-rigid-body system. Finally, the resulting Lyapunov function is proved to be almost globally asymptotically stable. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm not only achieves unified control of position and attitude but also exhibits better tracking control performance.

Ethnopharmacological exploration of medicinal mushroom from Pakistan

BackgroundThe chief aim of this study was to enlist the ethnopharmacological aspect of mushrooms from four Provinces of Pakistan. Due to the seasonal variation and extreme geographical conditions, Pakistan has great mushroom diversity. Mushrooms have been used by the indigenous people for the treatment of different ailments in many regions of Pakistan. They still depend on the mushrooms for treatment of various ailments. Moreover, mushrooms are used as first aid to treat cold, cough, influenza, asthma, cancer, gastric and hepatic disorders. Traditional uses of medicinal mushrooms lead to the discovery of alternative source of synthetic medicines. This is basically the first quantitative ethnopharmcological documentation of medicinal mushrooms from Pakistan. Materials and MethodEthnopharmacological information was collected from the 950 informants including male and female. The informative data was based on semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and field visits. Data was analyzed by applying different quantitative indices such as informant consent factor (ICF), Use value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), the Fidelity level (FL) and Jaccard Index (JI). ResultAlmost 50 mushrooms belonging to 24 families were reported. Most-frequently cited families were Agaricaceae (13 species) and Morchellaceae (5 species). Extract was the common mode of preparation reported (63.33%), followed by Powder (36.67%). Mostly these medicinal mushrooms were present as wild (62.90%), followed by cultivated (37.10%). Among all 11.75% mushrooms were toxic and inedible, 75% were nontoxic, whereas the remaining 13.46% may be toxic or nontoxic because of their dual attitude. New medicinal uses of 23 mushrooms were explored in this study. ConclusionThis ethnopharmacological documentation revealed that the mushrooms are still used by natives of rural area in their day-to-day lives. This study provides the basis for the conservation of mushrooms. Mushrooms with high ICF, UV and FL were further used for phytochemical and pharmacological studies. This documentation is baseline information which can be used to develop new mushroom-based medicines.

Exploring the Patterns of Dual Attitude Changes in the Context of Athlete Endorsement: The Interplay of Fit, Evaluative Conditioning, and Introspection Focus

Through this study, the author aimed to elucidate the asymmetrical patterns of dual attitude changes in the context of athlete endorsement. The main experiment included a test of the interactions of: Fit (low vs. high fit) × Evaluative conditioning (endorsement–positive vs. endorsement–negative feelings) × Introspection focus (logics vs. feelings). Based on the results, fit changed explicit attitudes, leaving implicit attitudes unchanged, whereas evaluative conditioning changed implicit attitudes to a greater extent. Introspection focus on logics (feelings) led participants to operate syllogistic inferences (associative evaluations); consequently, the logicality of fit (the conditioned feelings) determined both explicit and implicit attitudes and behavioral intentions. The study helps broaden current understandings of endorsement effectiveness by identifying situations in which dual attitude shifts intentions. Managers should be aware of the manipulability of consumers’ evaluation systems, and it is recommended to strategically employ either logic-reflected or feelings-elicited endorsement campaigns to leverage a brand’s equity.

Maternal understanding of child discipline and maltreatment in the United States, South Korea, and Japan

The purpose of this study is to examine American, Korean, and Japanese mothers' perceptions of maltreatment, and the factors influencing those perceptions in the context of general parenting and discipline. Through a cross-cultural comparative approach, we hope to identify potential universalities as well as cultural specific perceptions of parenting behaviors. For this purpose, a total of 153 mothers with a child aged 3 to 6years participated in the current study. Participants came from East Coast of the United States (N=48); Seoul, Korea (N=65); Japan (Tokyo and Saitama) (N=40). A modified version of a previously established questionnaire (Ahn, Park, & Lee, 1998) assessed mothers' attitudes toward multiple disciplinary behaviors. This questionnaire presented 17 specific vignettes describing disciplinary scenarios that could occur while disciplining children in everyday life, some of which could be perceived as physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. Results of the study suggest significant differences between groups in terms of maternal perceptions of maltreatment and the factors influencing maternal perceptions. American mothers reported the highest mean score among the three countries in perceiving discipline centered on corporal punishment as physical abuse. Korean mothers displayed a dual attitude of perceiving the scenario as maltreatment, but also rating it as likely to occur in everyday life. Japanese mothers showed the most permissive attitude toward harsh parental behaviors among the three countries on the grounds that they considered a strict and punitive attitude as a method of discipline. Overall, mothers of all three countries had the lowest scores for perceiving the vignette corresponding to neglect as maltreatment.

An ethnopharmacological evaluation of Navapind and Shahpur Virkanin district Sheikupura, Pakistan for their herbal medicines

BackgroundThe chief aim of this study was to enlist the ethnobotanical uses of wild plants in district Sheikhupura, province Punjab, Pakistan. Due to extreme geographical and climatic conditions, Pakistan has a great floral diversity. Plants have been used by the indigenous people for treatment of different ailments since long. They are still dependent on the plants for their domestic purposes. Moreover, plants are used as first aid to treat diverse ailments such as cold, cough, influenza, asthma, cancer, antidote, gastric and hepatic disorders. The traditional uses of medicinal plants lead to the discovery of natural drugs. This is first quantitative ethnobotanical documentation of medicinal plants in NavaPind and ShahpurVirkan district Sheikhupura, province Punjab, Pakistan.MethodsThis ethnobotanical information was collected from about 400 informants including male and female. Sample size was determined by statistical formula. The informative data was based on semi-structured interviews, group discussions, Questionnaire and field visits. Then the data was analyzed by applying different quantitative indices such as Informant Consent Factor (ICF), Use value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), the Fidelity level (FL) and Jaccard Index (JI).ResultsAlmost 96 plants belonging to 34 families were reported. Most-frequently cited families were Poaceae (16 species) and Fabaceae (15 species). The most dominant life form was herbs (30.20%). The most-used plant parts were leaves (31.14%), followed by whole plant (24.59%), Most common mode of administration is extraction (81.25%). Generally herbal medicines were acquired from fresh plant material. Among all 54.16% plants were toxic, 31.25% were nontoxic, whereas the remaining 14.58% may be toxic or nontoxic because of their dual attitude. Almost 34 species were reported with their different medicinal uses as has been reported in literature.ConclusionsThis ethnobotanical documentation revealed that the plants are still used by natives of rural areas in their day-to-day lives. This study provides basis for the conservation of local flora. Plants with high ICF, UV and FL can be further used for phytochemical and pharmacological studies. This documentation could provide baseline information which can be used to develop new plant-based commercial drugs.

La traducción española de la Historia General de las cosas de Nueva España: actitud dual ante el préstamo indígena

Fray Bernardino de Sahagún wrote in Spanish in approximately 1577 a non-literal translation of the chronicle written in Nahuatl The Universal History of the Things of New Spain (Florentine Codex). Our research attempts to provide evidence for Sahagún’s dual attitude with respect to language and Aztec culture. The indigenous glossary presented is 1,869 words long, of which 2% is Indian vocabulary found in other colonial texts but Sahagún frequently uses them as if they were foreign words in the Spanish language. The aim of this article is to ascertain the number of Nahuatl words that Sahagún used as foreign words, as well as to furnish examples in other colonial texts for comparison. The conclusions indicate that, for Sahagún, using the Nahuatl loanwords are considered indicative of miscegenation, which follows a trend noted in other colonial texts in which the rejection of indigenous loan words is evident.

Results of the attitude reconstruction for the UniSat-6 microsatellite using in-orbit data

UniSat-6 is a civilian microsatellite that was launched in orbit on the 19th of June, 2014. Its main mission consisted in the in-orbit release of a number of on-board carried Cubesats and in the transmission to the UniSat-6 ground station of telemetry data and images from an on-board mounted camera. The spacecraft is equipped with a passive magnetic attitude control system. Gyros and magnetometers provide the information about the attitude of the spacecraft.The importance of reconstructing the attitude motion of UniSat-6 lies in the dual possibility, for future missions, of:•controlling the direction of ejection of the on-board carried satellites•having an accurate pointing for remote sensing operation.The reconstruction of the attitude motion of UniSat-6 is based on the data of the on-board Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) gyros and magnetometers, downloaded at the passages over the ground station in Roma, Italy. At ground, these data have been processed with the UnScented QUaternion Estimator (USQUE) algorithm. This estimator is an adaptation of the Unscented Filter to the problem of spacecraft attitude estimation. The USQUE is based on a dual attitude representation, which involves both quaternions and Generalized Rodrigues Parameters. In this work, the propagation phase of the algorithm contains only a kinematic model of the motion of the spacecraft.This paper presents the results of the reconstruction of the UniSat-6 attitude using on-board measurements. The results show that the spacecraft effectively stabilized its attitude motion thanks to the on-board magnetic devices.

Unscented Attitude Estimator Based on Dual Attitude Representations

This paper investigates an unscented attitude estimator based on modified Rodriguez parameter (MRP) and quaternion using a linearized attitude representation transformation. When the singularity transformation conditions do not occur, the developed filter can benefit from the MRP representation in terms of decreased calculation burden and improved filter consistency. When the singularity transformation conditions occur, the developed filter has a comparable performance in terms of accuracy to the well-known unscented quaternion estimator but with better filtering consistency and lower calculation burden. The validation of the developed filter is demonstrated through a high-precision strapdown inertial navigation system/Global Positioning System (SINS/GPS) simulation test and a low-cost SINS/GPS car-mounted experiment.

방송광고에서 장르의 역할에 대한 기대관점과 활용에 대한 태도가 방송광고 장르에 대한 호감도에 미치는 영향

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of expected perspective on the role of genre and attitude toward utilizing genre in broadcast ad on the liking of broadcast ad genre as appeal types of creativity. The results show that there is a significant correlation between macro-environmental expected perspective(MEEP)on the role of genre and a negative attitude toward utilizing genre in broadcast ad. A significant correlation between micro-practical expected perspective(MPEP) and a positive attitude was also found. Consumers with an integrated-situational expected perspective(ISEP) show a more significant relationship with the dual attitude. Consumes with a MPEP have a stronger liking on comparative ad and sex appeal ad, and consumers with an ISEP show a median liking. Consumers with positive attitude have a stronger liking on comparative ad and sex appeal ad, and consumers with a dual attitude show a median liking that is between the positive attitude-based consumers’ and negative attitude-based consumers’.

The relocation of the Israeli Foreign Ministry in 1953 and the Jerusalem question

On July 12, 1953, in a 24-hour operation whose exact date very few people knew of in advance, Israel's Foreign Ministry moved from the Kirya in Tel Aviv to the government compound in Jerusalem. This was a secret operation carried out within one day. Theoretically, this act could be considered as a continuation of Israel's policy regarding that city, since it was part of a plan for transferring the government ministries to Jerusalem that had begun in the summer of 1949 and continued over a period of several years. However, Israeli policy regarding Jerusalem as the state's capital city was far more complex. Jerusalem's status was part of an unsolved question that has caused disagreement not only between the Israeli authorities and the international community, but also among Israeli leaders themselves. This conflict affected Israeli policy toward the city as Israel's capital city: on the one hand, officially Israel ministry offices were transferred from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem; while on the other hand, some of the ministry's' activities were conducted from Tel Aviv. The episode of the relocation of the Israeli foreign ministry in 1953 is illustrative of this dual attitude.