Dual Antenna Research Articles

Interconnected Ground Plane Structure Based High Isolation, Dual Band Quad-element MIMO Antenna for C-band, and X-band Applications

Interconnected Ground Plane Structure Based High Isolation, Dual Band Quad-element MIMO Antenna for C-band, and X-band Applications

Fabrication of compact circular ring antenna loaded with Gd-YIG ferrites: Photon–magnon interaction

In telecommunications technology, transmitting and receiving signals is not possible without an integrated antenna. Recently, novel approaches of transmitting and receiving signals using advancement in quantum technology as “information coherent transfer” have been emphasized which overcomes the limitations of superconducting qubits. In the present investigation, a compact-sized circular-ring antenna was designed for a 12 GHz centre frequency. The antenna was topped with Gd(x)-doped YIG (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) thin disks to investigate its tunable operation over the tri-band (C to Ku) frequencies due to the photon–magnon coupling, which enables coherent qubit information transmission from an electromagnetic (EM) carrier to the magnons. The proposed prototype of the antenna is validated using HFSS simulation. To characterize the frequency tunability of the designed antenna, we measured the return loss (S11) via a vector network analyzer as a function of dc magnetic field. Different concentrations of Gd-doped YIG ferrites (Gdx-YIG) have been loaded on ring antennas to observe strong anti-crossing phenomena with the application of an external magnetic field. The designed antenna has a tunability of around 300% for a small applied magnetic field up to 3.7 kOe. The maximum gain of dual resonance antenna is 1.4 for higher magnetic field of 3.7 kOe. The highest efficiency and lowest bandwidth of 30% and 14% respectively, for Gd0.1-YIG disk are observed. The measured normal mode splitting spectrum as a function of bias magnetic field that gives the maximum coupling strength is 153 MHz for a Gd concentration of 0.1. For practical applications, such antennas are suitable for use in tunable tri-band or multi-band applications (C to Ku).

High Isolated Defected Ground Structure Based Elliptical Shape Dual Element MIMO Antenna for S-band Applications

High Isolated Defected Ground Structure Based Elliptical Shape Dual Element MIMO Antenna for S-band Applications

WLAN monopole antenna design by Siamese convolutional neural network and KNN exploiting Gaussian process

In the process of antenna design, surrogate models can generally be used, but modeling requires a large number of samples. Although full wave electromagnetic simulation software can handle this task, obtaining a large number of samples is time-consuming, however too small number of sample may lead to lower accuracy of the trained surrogate model. Inspired by semi-supervised learning methods, this paper uses Siamese convolutional neural networks (SCNN) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithms to generate highly reliable virtual samples and expand the training sample set, further improving the accuracy and robustness of the surrogate model by exploiting Gaussian process (GP) models. The proposed method is named SCNN-KNN-GP, which is used for the design of WLAN dual band monopole antennas. Moreover, the relationships between the performance of the proposed model and the increased number of virtual samples and the coefficient of the KNN are studied, resulting in a more excellent surrogate model structure.

Dual Frequency Multi-Functional via-Less Leaky Wave Antenna Featuring Enhanced Frequency Sensitivity and Dual Beam Scanning Capability

Dual Frequency Multi-Functional via-Less Leaky Wave Antenna Featuring Enhanced Frequency Sensitivity and Dual Beam Scanning Capability

A centre C-shaped dual band rectangular monopole antenna for Wi-Fi and wireless communication

This paper presents the design and analysis of a center C-shaped dual-band rectangular monopole antenna optimized for Wi-Fi and wireless communication applications. The proposed antenna operates efficiently within the frequency ranges of 1.4-1.8 GHz and 5.2-5.8 GHz, targeting dual-band functionality. The proposed antenna has achieved dual band because it has a rectangular ring with C-shaped cutting on the patch antenna. The compact dimensions of 39 × 50 × 1.6 mm³ designed on FR4 electrodes having a dielectric constant of 4.4 make it suitable for integration into modern wireless devices. The antenna achieves a bandwidth of 10.9% and 25% in the respective frequency bands as a result of the C-shaped resonating cavity. Simulated results demonstrate the antenna's capability to maintain stable gain and omnidirectional radiation patterns across the desired frequencies. The versatility and compactness of this monopole antenna make it an ideal candidate for next-generation Wi-Fi and wireless communication systems.

Dual Band Polygonal Slot Antenna for Early Detection of Breast Cancer

Dual Band Polygonal Slot Antenna for Early Detection of Breast Cancer

A Simple Dual Wideband Shared-Aperture Antenna Array with Wide Scanning Angle

A Simple Dual Wideband Shared-Aperture Antenna Array with Wide Scanning Angle

A Comprehensive Analysis of Low-Profile Dual Band Flexible Omnidirectional Wearable Antenna for WBAN Applications

A Comprehensive Analysis of Low-Profile Dual Band Flexible Omnidirectional Wearable Antenna for WBAN Applications

A phase shift keying modulator integrated single‐feed circular polarization agile array antenna

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel design of a circular polarization agile array antenna using two phase shift keying (PSK) modulators. The proposed antenna includes four dual linear polarization microstrip patch antenna elements, two PSK modulators, two quarter‐wavelength slot transmission lines, microstrip‐slot line transitions, and a single feed network. The PSK modulator generates phase switching of either 180° or 0° of the vertical signals of each antenna element with the aid of the four diodes. The quarter‐wavelength slot transmission lines are added to adjust the 90° phase difference between orthogonal signals of the array antenna. By controlling the PSK modulators, the proposed antenna can achieve dual circular polarization switching capabilities. A prototype antenna is used to demonstrate the antenna concept. The measured results confirm the concept with a good agreement between the simulated and measured performances. The proposed antenna has no complex circuits for RF and DC signals, and it provides a compact structure.

Application of switchable 4G/5G dual antenna system for laptops

AbstractThis work investigates a switchable 4G/5G dual‐antenna system designed for laptops. The dual open‐slot antenna structure is straightforward, with a slot width of only 2 mm. Each individual antenna features two different feed sections located in two separate regions between the slots. Port 1 is a direct‐feeding design with 3.6 pF chip capacitance, while Port 2 is only a direct‐feeding design. When Port 1 is excited and Port 2 is terminated to 50‐Ω, the antenna is functional in long‐term evolution (LTE) low‐band (617–960 MHz) and 5G sub‐6 GHz band (3300–5000 MHz). On the other hand, when Port 2 is excited and Port 1 is terminated to 50‐Ω, the antenna is functional in the LTE medium/high bands between 1710 and 2690 MHz. The measured isolation consistently exceeded 30 dB, and the efficiency remained above 48% across the entire frequency range. The calculated envelope correlation coefficients derived from the complex E‐field radiation pattern measurements were consistently below 0.02. These findings indicate that the system is exceptionally well‐suited for applications characterised by integrated metallic environments and a high display‐to‐body ratio.

A twelve element dual-band MIMO antenna for 5G smartphones.

In this paper, a 12x12 dual-band MIMO antenna for 5G smartphones is proposed. It operates in the sub 6 GHz (2.4GHz and 3.5GHz) frequency bands. The MIMO antenna elements are printed on an FR4 epoxy substrate that has a thickness of 0.8mm. The main substrate measures 150 × 75 × 0.8 mm3, while the side substrates have dimensions of 75 × 6 × 0.8mm3. The twelve dual-band antenna elements are compact in size. Each antenna element size is reduced significantly, which is 11.20 × 5.98 mm2(0.0896λ × 0.04784λ). These antenna elments are arranged in such a way that the MIMO antenna not only provides polarization diversity but also helps in achieving good performance in terms of isolation, which is more than 13.5 dB between two adjacent antenna elements. Another significance of the proposed antenna is that both the frequency bands can be tuned independently by varying the corresponding length of each arm. The performance parameters like efficiency is around 40-56% for the lower band and it is 48-62% for the upper band. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is below 0.04 in both frequency bands for the proposed dual band MIMO antenna.

Design and optimization of a deep learning algorithm assisted stub-loaded dual band four-port MIMO antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G and X band satellite communication applications

In this article, C-type stubs loaded hexagonal shaped four-element MIMO antenna is proposed with improved isolation for sub-6 GHz 5G and X-band satellite wireless communication applications. Initially, the design and simulation studies of the MIMO antenna are performed using Computer Simulation Software (CST) software but its design parameter estimation and optimization consume higher time using conventional EM simulation tools. In order to solve this issue, Deep Learning algorithm-based approach has been proposed to determine the optimal physical parameters along with best possible performance characteristics. This suggested DL based approach is resource and time efficient for parameter estimation and optimization during the design process. To reduce design space and generation of an effective dataset, the feature reduction method (FRM) is implied during the design process. The S-parameters are predicted through Dual-Channel (DC-DNN) Deep Neural Network model. The dual-band MIMO antenna operates with −10 dB impedance Bandwidths of 40 % (2.8 GHz – 4.2 GHz), 38.41 % (6.1 GHz – 9.0 GHz) and shows excellent diversity performance. The proposed MIMO antenna is suitable for Sub-6 GHz n77 (3.3–4.2 GHz), n78 (3.3–3.8 GHz) 5G NR bands and also supports X band satellite (7.25–7.75 GHz and 7.9–8.4 GHz) communication applications.

Adaptive BDS/MEMS INS navigation algorithm for low-dynamic carrier based on motion characteristics detection and dual-antenna Position/Velocity constraints

With the rapid development of navigation technology, the application fields of unmanned technology are expanding constantly, including the low-dynamic scenarios, such as unmanned agricultural machinery. In a low-dynamics scenario, the classic dual-antenna BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)/micro-electro-mechanical system inertial navigation system (MEMS INS) integrated navigation algorithm has two limitations. First, the reliability of a priori system noise is significantly reduced because of the large number of turning and bumping maneuvers. Second, the accuracy of the dual-antenna BDS heading angle and a priori measurement noise cannot satisfy the necessary requirements in a complex environment. To solve these problems, an adaptive BDS/MEMS INS navigation algorithm based on low-dynamic carrier-motion characteristics and dual-antenna constraint information is proposed. This new method can identify turning and bumping states and appropriately adjust the MEMS INS system noise matrix. To avoid the influence of a low accuracy heading angle, the heading angle measurement information was replaced by position and velocity measurement information. Simultaneously, the velocity and distance vectors between the dual antennas are added as prior constraints that can adaptively adjust the BDS measurement noise matrix. The experimental results show that the positioning and heading angle accuracies of the proposed method are controlled within centimeters and 1°, respectively, thus significantly improving the navigation performance in the carrier turning, bumping, and occlusion environments. This research will be helpful in low-dynamic applications such as unmanned agricultural machinery.

A tapered feed UWB-MIMO antenna with high characteristics based on fractal method

A miniaturized antenna based on fractal method and Tapered-feeder technique for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is developed in this research. The structure of the component cell monopole antenna is designed by using a half circle-shaped fractal method and merging material implementation with the L-stub shape. These techniques provide a wide impedance bandwidth for the innovative wireless antenna with high characteristics, which operates from 2.73 to 12.21 GHz. The planned module cell dimensions are 20 by 16 square millimetres (), where the wavelength () is 110 mm. This low-profile antenna has then been employed to design an array of 1 × 2 Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) antennas with an overall size of 20 ×34 Two symmetric geometries are arranged in the designed miniaturized MIMO system with an inverted T-shaped decoupling copper between them. Measurement results show that the dual antenna with multiple diversity metrics has great characteristics for MIMO applications due to providing low mutual coupling value, lower than 0.33 bits per s./Hz of channel capacity loss, minor envelope correlation coefficient of fewer than 0.005, lower −11 dB of total active reflection coefficient, greater than 9.93 dB of diversity gain and proper mean effective gain (MEG ratio≈1, MEG ≤ 0.5). A high peak gain magnitude of 5.42 dBi is provided at an operating frequency of 10.5 GHz for the recommended single antenna.

Performance prediction of dielectric resonator based MIMO antenna for sub-6.0 GHz using machine learning algorithms

ABSTRACTIn this article, a dual port dielectric resonator antenna is modeled using various machine learning algorithms i.e. deep neural network (DNN), Random Forest, and XG boost. The unique properties of proposed article are as follows: (i) two different diversity techniques i.e. pattern (with the help of metallic wall) and polarization (mirror image of the aperture) improves the isolation value between the ports; (ii) machine learning (ML) algorithms are used to optimize and predict the reflection coefficient as well as mutual coupling of proposed antenna. The accuracy of ML algorithms is verified by using HFSS EM simulator as well as experimental validation. Error is less than 1–2% between the value predicted from ML algorithms and HFSS/Experimental results. The proposed design is working well in between 2.4–4.02 GHz with 3-dB axial ratio from 2.84–2.95 GHz. All these features make the radiator employable to sub-6.0 GHz frequency band.

Dual Band 1x4 Linear Metamaterial Bowtie Antenna Array for Autonomous Vehicle in Public Safety Band Communications

This research presents the design, simulation, and fabrication of a dual-band 1x4 linear metamaterial bowtie antenna array for applications in 5G wireless systems and public safety band communications. The single-element antenna is a compact dual-band structure with a complementary split-ring resonator (TCSRR) element, and it exhibits resonant frequencies of 3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz, covering the sub-6GHz 5G spectrum and the public safety band. The antenna aray design is optimized for impedance matching and radiation efficiency. The 1x4 linear antenna array is designed with a quarter-wave transformer feed network and carefully controlled mutual coupling to enhance gain and directionality. Simulated and measured results confirm the performance of the array, with a reflection coefficient within -10 dB from 3.2 GHz to 3.85 GHz and from 4.55 GHz to 5.95 GHz and 3.45 GHz to 3.75 GHz and 4.45 GHz to 5.7 GHz, respectively. The array exhibits a peak realized gain of up to 8.7 dBi and efficient radiation patterns. This work offers promising insights into the development of antenna systems for advanced wireless communication applications and vehicle-to-vehicle communication in public safety band.

Realization of circular polarized multiple band multi-mode OAM antenna using a ring patch for IoT applications

A multiband and multi-mode antenna with circular polarized conical patterns is suitable for achieving desired spectral efficiency, increased capacity, and spatial diversity for IoT applications. However, simultaneous excitation of such circular polarized multiple Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) modes through a single patch antenna is challenging due to the complexity of simultaneously fulfilling distinct requirements of each mode. In this paper, a ring patch antenna is designed to excite different OAM states at different frequencies simultaneously. First, characteristic mode analysis is used to analyze the possibility of simultaneous excitation of multiple OAM modes at corresponding frequencies through a simple ring patch antenna. Then, a dual port ring patch antenna is designed and fabricated to verify the capability of generating multiple OAM states at corresponding frequencies. Furthermore, it also presents the guidance to suppress unwanted OAM modes.

A dual wide-band ingestible antenna design for wireless capsule endoscopy

In this paper, we present a dual wide-band ingestible antenna design for wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) biotelemetry applications. The design process employs Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) and driven modal analysis. The effectiveness of the prototype antenna is afterward assessed through measurements using a tissue-equivalent phantom liquid model. We investigate the effects of antenna implantation depth and capsule shell thickness on its performance, providing insights into practical considerations. The proposed dual-band antenna demonstrates good performance in both the 1.4 GHz Wireless Medical Telemetry Services (WMTS) and 2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands, exhibiting measured impedance bandwidths of 36% and 22%, respectively. The measured peak realized gains are −22.9 dBi and −25.3 dBi for the WMTS and ISM bands, respectively, with a compact footprint of 78.5 mm2. To ensure health and safety and optimal performance, we evaluate the antenna's specific absorption rate (SAR) and link margin (LM). Additionally, we assess the performance of the proposed antenna in comparison with the state-of-the-art design for capsule antennas in WCE applications.

Dual port asymmetrical dumbbell-shaped dielectric resonator-based MIMO antenna with pattern diversity for wideband applications

ABSTRACTIn this article, a wideband ceramic-based dual port MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) antenna is investigated and analyzed. Wideband features are obtained with the assistance of asymmetrical dumbbell-shaped cylindrical ceramic. Triple-band circular polarized waves are also obtained with an S-shaped aperture having unequal strip length. Other special characteristic of the proposed MIMO radiator is to achieve bidirectional pattern diversity by placing radiators in opposite direction. Measured outcomes confirm that the proposed radiator offers a fractional bandwidth of 65.04% (4.02 to 7.89 GHz) with less than −25 dB mutual coupling between two identical ports. In between the three frequencies range, i.e., 4.75 to 5.02 GHz, 5.75 to 6.2 GHz, and 7.55 to 7.82 GHz, the value of axial ratio is well below the value of 3 dB. Measured far-field pattern and diversity parameters authorize the appropriateness of the proposed radiator in MIMO system.