DSC Investigations Research Articles

Utilization of RESOLV with polymer to produce prazosin hydrochloride nanoparticles and optimization of the process parameters

In this study, rapid expansion of a supercritical solution into a Liquid Solvent (RESOLV) was used for the first time to produce pharmaceutical nanoparticles of Prazosin hydrochloride (PRH). The Taguchi method (robust design) was utilized to design the experiments and ensure obtaining the optimal process conditions. The pressure (15–25 MPa), temperature (308–328 K) and nozzle diameter (300–700 μm) effects on the morphology and size distribution of the resulting particles were also examined. The size of the particles decreased from about 40 μm to the range of (252–418 nm). FTIR, DLS, FESEM, XRD, DSC were used to characterize the primary and processed PRH particles. According to DSC investigations, RESOLV-produced PRH showed lower crystallinity than original PRH.

Development of a novel forming tool for the production of high-strength aluminum components with tailored properties

Because of growing environmental and technical requirements, the efficient manufacturing of components with tailored properties using recyclable materials is mandatory. The combination of high-strength aluminum alloys and thermal-assisted forming operations is an innovative method for the production of components with varying mechanical properties. By locally adjusting the cooling rates during a thermo-mechanical forming operation, it is possible to modify the microstructure and precipitation conditions. A subsequent aging operation causes different microstructural and mechanical characteristics. This allows both deep-drawing and adjustment of the component properties in one single step. For this reason, this contribution focuses on the production of components with tailored properties. With the aid of a non-contact measuring system, previous investigations have proved that mechanical material properties can be adapted during a forming process by adjusting the cooling rates. In this contribution, this knowledge is transferred to a novel temperature-controlled rectangular cup tool. A variation of the local tool temperature and holding duration in the tool will be carried out. Then, the mechanical and microstructural properties of the manufactured components will be characterized through hardness and DSC investigations. In addition, the influence of different tool temperatures on the component temperature, the sheet thickness distribution and process forces will be investigated. As a result, it has been demonstrated that mechanical, process-related and geometric advantages can be achieved by using locally temperature-controlled forming tools.

DSC investigation of IgG thermostability in blood plasma of patients with myeloma G

DSC investigation of IgG thermostability in blood plasma of patients with myeloma G

Combustion Analysis of Solid Biomass Derived from Turmeric and Onion, using Nanoclay as a Binding Material, for a Sustainable Environment

The usage of fossil resources has promoted wealth accumulation, exacerbated the negative effects of climate change from GHG emissions, and jeopardized human safety. This research focuses on the utilization of locally generated waste from Turmeric Wastes (TW) and Onion Wastes (TW) for the production of biomass briquettes, employing 10% nanoclay powder as a binder. The biomass waste mixtures were prepared at different ratios, namely 0:100 (C1), 30:70 (C2), 60:40 (C3), 90:10 (C4) and 100:0 (C5), with a constant binder concentration. Densification can be used to turn these residues into elevated, fuel-efficient biomass feedstock. Analysis was carried out for wet content, content of volatile matter and content of fixed carbon. SEM evaluations with EDAX studies were done to identify the major elements available in the produced Turmeric waste - Onion waste briquettes. TGA and DSC investigation implicated the recognition of the burning stage of exothermic and endothermic peaks of the produced briquettes. The briquettes generated exhibit a range of total calorific values, spanning from 11.66 to 15.64 MJ/kg. Notably, these briquettes demonstrate an ignition time within the range of 3.3 to 4.0 seconds and a sustained burning duration lasting between 20 to 28 minutes. Consequently, the utilization of TW-OW in combination with 20% nanoclay binder presents a viable alternative energy source. This is attributable to the briquettes' commendable characteristics, including low moisture and ash content, coupled with a notably high calorific value.

Design and characterization of nano sponges loaded vaginal gels of Voriconazole

Objectives: The current inquiry of this research job is to build and analyze a bio adhesive vaginal gel that is packed with Voriconazole Nano sponge for an extended residence duration at the point of infection, resulting in a positive drug release profile. Methods: Nano sponges were created using a solvent evaporation process in varied Voriconazole to β-cyclodextrin ratios. Zeta possibility, polydispersity, size of particles analysis, capture efficiency, and surface morphology of Nao sponges are all determined using scanning microscopes with electrons (SEM). FTIR and DSC investigations were used to determine drug excipient compatibility. Carbopol/Hypromellose/Sodium Carboxymethyl cellulose/HPC has been used to make the bio adhesive gel, while both propyl paraben and a methyl para were employed as antioxidants. Triethanolamine, also was used to regulate the pH, resulting in a transparent gel. The gel base has been incorporated with the improved Voriconazole Nano sponge mixture. The pH, viscosity, spread ability, extrudability, and medication content of Nano sponge in mixes of gels were all investigated. The gel's in vivo diffusion has been examined on goat vaginal mucosal. Cellophane membranes was used in an artificial drug release examination. Results: The improved generation of IDLNS12 Nano sponge (drug-polymer ratio 1:1) demonstrated 91.56% entrapment efficiency. The average particle diameter of all formulations was less than 310 nm. The SEM photographs revealed smooth and spherical particles. INSG4 (Carpool and HPC) gel formulation had a viscosity value of 4529 cps at 2-10 RPM, a gel strength of 92.65N load, and an expansion speed of 37.24 g.cm/seconds. At 12.0 minutes, INSG4 achieved 99.98% drug release. And a mucous adhesive time of in excess of 12 hours. Conclusion: These results suggest that Voriconazole-loaded β-cyclodextrin Nano sponge in mucous adhesive gel might be used for managing infections of vagina perpetually.

Time- and temperature-dependent mechanical and rheological behaviours of injection moulded biodegradable organoclay nanocomposites

Injection moulded specimens were produced from biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites, after melt compounding in different compositions. WAXD studies demonstrated that the OMMT formed similar intercalation levels in the 2.5–10 w/w% additive ratio range. It was also proved by rotational rheometry that the nanoclay stacks form physical network above 5 w/w% concentration, which significantly influence the viscoelastic properties of the melt. The value of zero shear viscosity also changed accordingly, starting to increase above 5 w/w% nanoclay content. The OMMT content reduced the creep sensitivity measured in molten state.X-ray and DSC investigations showed that OMMT inhibits the crystallisation of PBS, resulting in a decrease in crystallinity at higher nanoclay ratios. As a result, the room temperature creep increased with the OMMT ratio.The Young's modulus linearly increases in the entire concentration range exceeding 1.2 GPa at 10 w/w% nanoclay content. The value of yield strength does not change significantly (35–40 MPa), but the strain at yield – which characterises stiffness – and the notched Izod impact strength already decrease at 2.5 w/w% OMMT content, but further increasing the nanoclay content has minor effect. However, the nanocomposite with 10 w/w% OMMT can be a real alternative to polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) injection moulded products based on its mechanical properties.To characterise the effect of OMMT on dynamic mechanical properties, the S (Stiffening effectiveness), L (Loss effectiveness) and D (Damping effectiveness) indices were introduced to quantitatively describe the nanoclay effect intensity in each temperature range.

Enhancing thermal and mechanical properties of pyridine-based polyester with isosorbide for high gas barrier applications

Driven by sustainable development and low-carbon policies, many high-performance bio-based polyesters are produced. Our previous work uncovered the high barrier but low thermal and mechanical properties of a renewable 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic-based polyester. In this article, the copolymerization with isosorbide as a second diol is considered to ameliorate these properties. The chemical structures of copolyesters and the successful introduction of isosorbide were confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The 1H NMR spectra also allowed the calculation of isosorbide ratio in polymers. GPC revealed a decrease in molar masses with the increase of isosorbide ratio. Contact angle and water/gas permeation measurements disclosed an increase in hydrophilicity and water/gas permeability with the introduction of isosorbide. TGA and DSC analyses demonstrated an enhancement in thermal stability: 8 mol% of isosorbide to the total diol ratio increased the 5 % weight loss temperature (T5%) by 9 °C, the maximum weight loss temperature (Tmax) by 8 °C and the glass transition temperature (Tg) by 6 °C. DSC investigation showed that the incorporation of isosorbide significantly influenced the crystallization properties, particularly from the melt, by decreasing the crystallinity. XRD patterns indicated the presence of similar crystallization units in these polyesters. Tensile test revealed that incorporating 8 mol% of isosorbide greatly improved the mechanical properties by doubling Young’s modulus and tripling the strength at break. Such enhancement in thermal and mechanical properties is important for high gas barrier food packaging applications of these polyesters.

Electrocaloric, thermal and structural properties of Ba1−xLixTi0.975V0.025O3±δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) ceramics

The present work reveals the electrocaloric, structural, thermal, and other physical properties of Ba1−xLixTi0.975V0.025O3±δ (0 < x ≤ 0.05) ceramics synthesized via the solid-state chemical reaction method. X-ray studies reveal the presence of BaTiO3 phase in all the samples, wherein the phase fraction of BaTiO3 decreases with increasing Li content. Besides this, the replacement of lighter weight Li-atoms in place of Ba-atoms increases porosity and consequently decreases the density of the samples. However, the molar volume increases while inter-ionic distance decreases due to the small size of Li-atoms as compared with Ba-atoms. In this series, the sample with x = 0.05 exhibited a maximum change in entropy i.e., ΔS = 0.728 JK−1 kg−1 and the largest change in temperature i.e., ΔT = 0.422 K at 90 °C with the application of a 20 kV/cm electric field. Moreover, the x = 0.05 ceramic has the largest value of specific heat i.e., 626.59 JK−1 kg−1 as discovered during DSC investigations. In the present study, Li- and V- are attributing to good sintering and Li- in place of Ba- is enhancing electrocaloric properties in BaTiO3 ceramic.

Polylactide Used as Filment in 3d Printing – Part 2: TG-DTG, DSC and DRIFT investigations

A series of structural and thermal analysis research (TG-DTG, DSC, DRIFT) were performed for the samples of polylactide (PLA), which is commonly used in additive technologies as a structural material. In total four materials were considered, including two containing dyes with different colors, a material made of PLA recyclate and a graphene-modified PLA material. It was noted that PLA material reinforced with graphene phase (GRAFYLON®) retains the best thermal properties (TG-DTG), which results in wider possibilities of its processing, including further modification and usability in manufacturing vehicle structural elements. Recycled PLA material (ALFA+W) was characterized by a higher melting point (Tp) by more than 20oC than other samples (DSC analysis), so it can be more useful in the production of structural elements operating, as well as used at elevated temperatures.

FIXED DOSE COMBINATION THERAPY OF IBRUTINIB AND QUERCETIN BY SNEDDS-DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION BY DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT

Objective: Self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) comprising quercetin and ibrutinib as a fixed dosage combination therapy is being investigated to increase drug solubility and dissolution rate. Methods: On the basis of preliminary solubility tests, castor oil, Kolliphor® RH 40, and PEG600 were utilised to construct ternary phase diagrams. The effect of the amount of Castor oil (A), Kolliphor® RH 40 (B), and PEG600 (C) on the particle size and encapsulation efficiency of ibrutinib and quercetin was evaluated and statistically analysed using multiple regression in 17 trials planned using a 33 Box-Behnken design. FTIR, XRD, DSC, SEM, and stability experiments were employed to characterise the optimised formulation. The particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release of ibrutinib and quercetin were also investigated. Results: Ibrutinib and quercetin had encapsulation efficiencies of 61.56-87.22% (Y3) and 60.12-87.12%, respectively, according to the size range of SNEDDS formulations (1-17) of 70.18-200.56 nm. The optimised SNEDDS formulations (S1–S3) showed a particle size range of 71.12–76.38 nm, PDI of 0.126–0.312, zetapotential of-24.6–28.4, and encapsulation efficiencies of 88.98–90.22% and 84.96–86.78% for ibrutinib and quercetin, respectively. According to in vitro testing, the medication released from SNEDDS was released more quickly (&gt;90% 600 min). The formulation was further evaluated using FTIR, XRD, DSC, SEM, and stability investigations, which validated the complexation of ibrutinib and quercetin in the drug's amorphous state and stability for six months. Conclusion: This study revealed that SNEDDS could be used as a drug carrier for ibrutinib and quercetin due to their improved solubility and dissolution rate.

Design and In-vivo Evaluation of Quercetin Nanosponges-based Buccal Tablets of Quercetin

The objective was to increase the bioavailability of quercetin by creating a controlled release formulation using nanosponges based on cyclodextrin. Based on the early testing, a 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design with quercetin was loaded into nanosponges using the freeze-drying process. The prepared nanosponges were examined after being described and made into tablets. The quercetin-loaded nanosponges have particle sizes ranging from 36.45 to 135.27 nm, encapsulation efficiencies ranging from 42.37 to 88.44%, and drug release percentages at 6 hours ranging from 53.04 to 82.64%. The FTIR, DSC, and XRD investigations validated the Quercetin interaction with nanosponges. The medicine released from the nanosponges buccal tablets in-vitro at a rate of 99.75%, and stability testing showed no significant changes within six months after the nanosponges were transformed into tablets. In-vivo studies in rats showed that quercetin optimised nanosponges tablets Cmax of 6.27 ± 0.06 ng/mL was significantly higher (p

Sustainable self‐curing epoxy adhesives from Chios natural Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus L.)

AbstractThis study outlines a method for the epoxidation of poly‐beta‐myrcene, a biopolymer that can be easily extracted from the natural resin of the Chios Mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.). The resulting epoxidation products are self‐curing, and have a nearly 100% green carbon content. These Mastic Epoxide products (MASTEP) have the potential to be useful thermosetting resins. One specific product (MASTEP A), was used as an adhesive to create Single Lap Joints, which were then subjected to tensile shear stress tests. MASTEP A was found to be 25%–83% stronger than three commonly used conventional or “semi‐green” epoxy adhesives. Another specific product (MASTEP B), was found able to be thermally converted into a semi‐crystalline form. In order to clarify the 3D chemical structure of MASTEP, IR, and DSC investigations were conducted. The entire production process was designed to be environmentally friendly. The results of this research represent a significant advancement in the development of environmentally friendly epoxies and pave the way to a wide range of potential further research.

Fluorene Thiophene α-Cyanostilbene Hexacatenar-Generating LCs with Hexagonal Columnar Phases and Gels with Helical Morphologies as Well as a Light-Emitting LC Display.

Two series of novel synthesized hexacatenars, O/n and M/n, containing two thiophene-cyanostilbene units interconnected by central fluorene units (fluorenone or dicyanovinyl fluorene) using a donor-acceptor-acceptor-donor (A-D-A-D-A) rigid core, with three alkoxy chains at each end, can self-assemble into hexagonal columnar mesophases with wide liquid crystal (LC) ranges and aggregate into organogels with flowerlike and helical cylinder morphologies, as revealed via POM, DSC, XRD and SEM investigation. Furthermore, these compounds were observed to emit yellow luminescence in both solution and solid states which can be adopted to manufacture a light-emitting liquid crystal display (LE-LCD) by doping with commercially available nematic LC.

Microencapsulated phase change material incorporated light transmitting gypsum composite for thermal energy saving in buildings

The increased energy consumption for specific applications, including heating, cooling, air conditioning and lighting of residential and commercial buildings accelerate the research efforts concentrated on developing thermal energy storage capacity of buildings materials in recent years. Likewise, the development of light-transmitting building elements is a novel energy-saving technique that enhances lighting efficiency in buildings. In light of these, the current study seeks to design an untried microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) integrated glass fiber reinforced gypsum composite with sufficient light-transmitting properties and thermal energy storage capacity. In this research, a multi-scale investigation of light-transmitting gypsum composite was conducted experimentally with physical, mechanical, chemical, microstructural, thermal, light transmittance and solar thermoregulation tests. The gypsum composite is formed from α-gypsum, water, polymer admixture, alkali-resistant glass fiber (AR-GF), several concentrations of MPCM, and plastic optical grids to allow light to transmit through the board. Although higher fractions of MPCM yielded an apparent decrease in mechanical strength test results, 5 wt% introduction of MPCM to the reference matrix reduced the compressive and flexural strength of specimens by 1 and 8 %, respectively. The results verified a reduction trend in thermal conductivity of composites with MPCM loading. DSC investigations revealed that the melting temperature and the regarding latent heat storage capacity of gypsum composite with 15 wt% of MCPM are 17.76 °C and 19.2 J/g, respectively. Light-transmitting gypsum composites showed up to ~10 % light transmittance, that can greatly increase the efficiency of lighting in buildings. The produced gypsum composites with MPCM kept the test room cooler during the highest temperature, while it provided a warmer room during the nighttime for an extended time. The study's findings are applicable to increase thermal comfort by reducing the significant temperature variations in buildings and improving artificial lighting efficiency, encouraging the design of sustainable building applications.

Design and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets a Novel Natural Superdisintegrant is used in the Development of a BCS Class -II Drug

The main objective of the present investigation was to develop fast dissolving tablets for aceclofenac employing Ocimum gratissimum mucilage, a novel superdisintegrant by using 23factorial design. The mucilage was extracted from the seeds of Ocimum gratissimum and tested for flow properties. The senior development of fast dissolving tablets of Aceclofenac with novel natural mucilage as a superdisinitegrant in different ratios (0-5%) by using the direct compression method and Pre-compression and post-compression characteristics like water absorption (percent) and percent of drug dissolved at 5 min were evaluated for all of the formulated fast dissolving tablets. In all acceptable solvents and buffers, the mucilage powder was found to be a fine, free-flowing amorphous powder with good swelling properties. According to the FTIR and DSC investigations, there were no interactions between aceclofenac and the novel natural mucilage powder. In terms of drug content (98.0±0.14 to 99.9±0.05), hardness (3.8±0.03to 3.9±0.31), and friability (0.11±0.012 to 0.12±0.79), all of the formulation batches are of excellent quality. The batch with the improved formulation had a shorter disintegrant time (27±0.83). The improved formulation F2 has a shorter In–Vitro wetting time (19±0.69). The designed tablets' water absorption ratio was determined to be within the limit at (392.1±0.81). In 10 minutes, the cumulative drug dissolved in the optimised formulation F2 was determined to be (99.93%). As an outcome, it could be used in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets to provide an immediate release of the contained drug within 5 minutes.

Acoustic emission and DSC investigations of anomalous stress-stain curves and burst like shape recovery of Ni49Fe18Ga27Co6 shape memory single crystals

Simultaneous acoustic emission, AE, and DSC measurements under compression along [110]A direction were carried out on Ni49Fe18Ga27Co6 shape memory single crystals. The compression resulted in anomalous stress-strain loops with stress drops/jumps on it, reflecting a sudden formation/dissolution of a more stable (detwinned) martensite structural modification than the thermally induced (twinned) one. The final detwinned martensite, obtained below a certain temperature, was stable even after downloading: during heating it showed a burst-like recovery at about 35K higher transformation temperature than that of the thermally induced one, with an audible click. It was obtained that the number of acoustic events showed strong asymmetry: e.g. for stress induced transformations the number of hits for uploading was larger. Simultaneous measurements of stress-time curves and AE versus time revealed that in the nucleation/dissolution processes in both (up and down) directions, as an intermediate step, the twinned martensite was first formed and resulted in additional AE events. This was interpreted by the easy as well as difficult nucleation of the twinned and detwinned martensites, respectively. The stress drops on the uploading stress-strain curve were attributed to subsequent nucleation of the detwinned martensite from the twinned modification and were followed by a sharp decrease of the AE activity. This indicated that the formation of detwinned martensite is a sudden, fast process and can take place without significant elastic energy storage. This was also in agreement with the fact that during burst like thermal recovery the width of the transition was very small (Af≅ As). Similarly, during downloading the stress jumps were interpreted as sudden dissolutions of the detwinned phase by retwinning and at all stress jumps there were local maxima on the AE activity curve.

Xenon hydrate formation in water-in-oil emulsion: Investigation with the radiographic method

Formation of gas hydrate plugs can significantly complicate oil recovery. For this reason, investigating hydrate formation in oil disperse systems is topical. This work presents the results of radiographic and DSC investigations of xenon hydrate formation in a water-in-oil emulsion. The process proceeds in two stages as follows. The hydrate proliferates near the emulsion–gas boundary in the first stage. The hydrate particles in this region grow together, at least partially. The final hydrate content in this area is significantly higher than in other parts of the sample. In the second stage, the hydrate's slow growth occurs over the sample's entire volume distorting its shape, possibly due to the difference in water and hydrate molar volumes. At this stage, a significant part of the hydrate (33%) forms with no detectable heat release. The obtained results will improve the description of the kinetics of hydrate growth in static water-in-oil emulsions.

Development of apigenin loaded gastroretentive microsponge for the targeting of Helicobacter pylori

The goal of the present work was to invent an apigenin-stacked gastroretentive microsponge to target H. pylori. The quasi-emulsion technique was used to prepare microsponges, which were then tested for various physicochemical properties, in-vivo gastric retention, and in-vitro anti-H. pylori study. The microsponge that demonstrated a comparatively good product yield (76.23 ± 0.84), excellent entrapment efficiency (97.84 ± 0.85), sustained in-vitro gastric retention period, and prolonged drug release were chosen for further investigations. The microsponge's SEM analysis showed that it had a spherical form, porous surface, and interconnected spaces. No drug-polymer interactions were detected in the FTIR investigation. Apigenin was found to be dispersed in the microsponge's polymeric matrix according to DSC & XRD investigations. Moreover, the microsponge in the rat's stomach floated for 4 h, according to the ultrasonography. The antibacterial activity of apigenin against H. pylori was nearly two folds more than the pure apigenin and had a more sustained release in the best microsponge, according to the in vitro MIC data, when compared to pure apigenin. To sum up, the developed gastroretentive microsponge with apigenin offers a viable alternative for the efficient targeting of H. pylori. But more preclinical & clinical studies of our best microsponge would yield considerably more fruitful results.

Paper-based device for nanomolar detection of Cd2+ using AIEE-active imidazolium ionic liquid functionalized phenothiazine based Schiff-Base

A highly green fluorescent phenothiazine-based imidazolium ionic liquid (IL) [PTZ-SB][Br] was synthesized and its structure was thoroughly elucidated by 1H, 13C NMR, FT-IR, UV–visible spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry. Furthermore, thermal resilience of the IL was established by TGA and DSC investigations. The novel molecule revealed a distinct recognition for Cd2+ ions over eleven other transition metal ions. Moreover, the promising results obtained in the solution phase interested us to embed [PTZ-SB][Br] on paper strips to create a paper-based fluorescent sensor, which was examined by a portable UV light source for the on-site Cd2+ detection. Interestingly, the device demonstrated exceptional fluorescence sensing behavior towards Cd2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.16 nM. Thus, the probe has noteworthy distinct and sensitive detection ability towards Cd2+, which might find practical and on-spot applications. Noticeably, [PTZ-SB][Br] demonstrated aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) phenomenon. In fact, an incredible 38.1-fold increase in fluorescence intensity was observed for 10:90 ratio of THF:water mixture as compared that for pure THF solution of [PTZ-SB][Br]. AIEE property was further supported by DLS studies. A paper-based device for Cd2+ sensing by applying an Ionic Liquid based Schiff base is reported herein for the first time.

Structural, thermal and dielectric properties of glycerolized hydrogen‐bonded polyvinyl alcohol films

AbstractIn order to evaluate the influence of plasticizers on the behavior of the dielectric properties of polymers intended for the elaboration of flexible sensors, we have studied the influence of the addition of glycerol (10 wt%–40 wt%) in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Once processed, the PVA films were not subjected to any particular annealing and they were dried at room temperature for 24 h before being characterized. This choice allows both to take advantage of the presence of water in the bulk of the material, which will help to make the PVA more flexible (increase of plasticization effect produced by extra‐H‐bonding) and avoid a transient behavior of water absorption into the material, as we could verify. DSC and FTIR investigations confirm good intermolecular interaction between vinyl polymer chains, glycerol, and water molecules. Dielectric spectroscopy analysis, carried out in [25°C–110°C] temperature and [0.1 Hz–1 MHz] frequency ranges, reveals a significant increase in the dielectric constant when the glycerol content is higher (at 0.1 Hz: 322 for pure PVA, 1.3 × 106 with 40 wt% of glycerol). Polar hydrogen bonds introduced by the glycerol are the main reason for this increase. Ionic conductivity induced by these dipoles dominates the loss tangent response of the material. The activation energy obtained from the DC conductivity plateau obeys to a conventional Arrhenius law with a decreasing value at highest glycerol contents (1.35 eV for pure PVA against 0.46 eV with 40 wt% of glycerol).