Dry Yeast Extract Research Articles

Root growth of citrus rootstocks (sour orange and Volcamriana) affected by foliar nutrition with coconut liquid and dry yeast extract

This study aimed to improve the root growth indicators of the citrus rootstock (Volcamriana and sour citrus) by spraying them with coconut liquid extract and yeast extract. The experiment was carried out using the Randomised complete blocks design (R.C.B.D) as a factorial experiment with three factors: the citrus rootstock (sour orange and lemon Volcamriana) and the extract of coconut liquid with three concentrations (200, 100, 0) ml. L-1 and dry baking yeast extract in three concentrations (0(8, 4, g.L-1 with three replicates. At the end of June of 2023 the measurements were taken and the results were analyzed according to the statistical design used, and the averages were compared according to the selection of the least significant difference and at the level of probability 0.05, and the most important results reached: rootstock Volcamriana excelled in the studied root qualities (root length, root diameter, root size , dry weight of root group) while the treatment of coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 and the treatment of dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1 achieved significant superiority for the studied qualities (root length , root diameter , root size , dry weight of the root group) By giving it the highest averages. The treatment of the binary interaction between )rootstock Volca mriana + coconut liquid 200 ml L-1) and treatment (rootstock Volca mriana + dry baking yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) and treatment (coconut liquid 200 m. L-1 + dry baking yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1 are the highest averages in the root qualities studied.The triple overlap treatment gave) rootstock Volca mriana + coconut liquid 200 ml L- + 1dry baking yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1 significantly excelled in the majority of the studied growth qualities) root length , root diameter, root size, dry weight of the root group (.

Effect of Spraying with Coconut Liquid and Yeast Extract on Vegetative Growth Traits of Citrus rootstock (Citrus aurantium and Volkameriana)

The experiment was conducted in the plant canopy at Horticulture and Landscape Department, College of Agriculture / University of Kerbala, Iraq for the period from mid-February to the end of June 2023 using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) as a factorial experiment with three factors: citrus rootstock (Citrus aurantium and Volkameriana) and coconut liquid extract with three concentrations of (0, 100, 200) ml L-1 and dry yeast extract in three concentrations (0, 4, 8) g L-1 and with three replications. The most important results indicated the superiority of the Volkameriana rootstock in most of the studied growth characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight), while the treatment of coconut liquid 200 ml L-1, as well as the treatment of dry yeast extract with a concentration of 8 g L-1 achieved a significant superiority for the above studied traits and gave the highest rates. The two-way interaction treatment between (rootstock and coconut liquid) and (rootstock + dry yeast extract) not a significant, as for and (coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved the highest rates in most of the studied traits. The triple interaction treatment (Volkameriana rootstock + coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved significant superiority in most of the studied growth characteristics (seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight). While the triple overlap treatment (Citrus aurantium + coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved the highest rate of relative moisture content of the leaves, as it gave the highest rates (38.833 cm, 4.2033 mm, 78.667 leaves seedlings-1, 2398.67 cm2, 37.863 g seedlings-1) (70.3 15%, respectively.

Chemical Response of Citrus Rootstocks to Spraying with Coconut Liquid and Dry Yeast Extract

The experiment was conducted in the plant canopy at Horticulture and Landscape Department, College of Agriculture / University of Kerbala, Iraq for the period from mid-February to the end of June 2023 using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) as a factorial experiment with three factors: citrus rootstock (Citrus aurantium and Volkameriana) and coconut liquid extract with three concentrations of (0, 100, 200) ml L-1 and dry yeast extract in three concentrations (0, 4, 8) g L-1 and with three replications. The most important results indicated the superiority of the Volkameriana rootstock in most of the studied growth characteristics (N %, P%, K%, carbohydrate %, chlorophyll content), while the treatment of coconut liquid 200 ml L-1, as well as the treatment of dry yeast extract with a concentration of 8 g L-1 achieved a significant superiority for the above studied traits and gave the highest rates. The two-way interaction treatment between (Volkameriana rootstock + coconut liquid 200 ml L-1) and (Volkameriana rootstock + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) and (coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved the highest rates in all of the studied traits. The triple interaction treatment (Volkameriana rootstock + coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved significant superiority in all the studied growth characteristics (N %, P %, K %, carbohydrate content, and leaf chlorophyll content), as it gave the highest rates of (2.1117%, 0.6867%, 1.9700%, 19.9570%, 4.999 mg. fresh weight-1) respectively.

Effect of dry extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture with selenium-containing amino acids on the productivity and chemical composition of meat of broiler chickens

Introduction of biologically active supplements to the diet of poultry results in maximal use of nutrients and positively influences the live weight and slaughter parameters. This promotes rational and economical use of fodders and boosts the poultry productivity. We studied a mineral feed supplement – an organic selenium compound, which has a much greater bioavailability than inorganic sources of selenium. Selenomethionine is easily digested in the organism and effectively used for synthesis of proteins. Broiler chickens of the experimental group that had been consuming the selenoamino-acid feed additive had greater live weight at the age of 14–42 days, compared with the control. Intake of the mineral supplement by the broiler chickens in the experimental group increased their mean daily increment by 8.5% and the absolute increment by 8.6%, compared with the control peers. In the experimental group of broilers, the mineral supplement increased the pre-slaughter live weight by 8.4%, weight of intact carcass by 10.1%. Also, the weight of the semi-processed carcasses (i.e. those with removed intestines and cloaca, filled crop, oviduct and ovary (in female specimens) increased by 4.3%, and the weight of the processed carcasses (the internal organs and abdominal-cavity fat and esophagus of which were removed, without head, legs and wing metacarpals) increased by 8.0%, compared with the control group of broilers. In the experimental group, the feed supplement gave 13.7% rise in the weight of the breast muscles and 14.5% increase in the weight of the thigh muscles, compared with the control group. Intake of this supplement in the experimental group promoted 7.5% increase in the weight of the gizzard by and 9.2% increase in the weight of the duodenum, as compared with the control. Usage of the selenoamino-acid feed supplement increased the protein concentration in the breast muscles of the broiler chickens by 1.9%, compared with the control. Intake of the mineral supplement increased the amounts of dry matter and fat in the thigh muscles of the experimental group, compared with the control group. Therefore, adding dry yeast extract to diet of broilers together with selenium-containing amino acids is a promising method of increasing the effectiveness of poultry farming.

Effect of Foliar Spraying with Chelated Iron (CHI) and Dry Yeast Extract (DYE) on Vegetative Growth and Yield Properties of Ashrassi Cultivar Olive Trees

This study was carried out in a private olive field located in the western desert of Rawa city, the village of (Abu Koi) in Anbar Governorate in Iraq during the season 2021-2022 to study the effect of foliar spraying with chelated iron (CHI) At three levels of concentrations (0, 100, and 200 mg L-1) have symbols of (F0, F1, and F2) respectively as well as dry yeast extract (DYE) (Y0, Y1, and Y2) With three concentration levels (0, 10, 20 g L-1) respectively, and their interactions. To investigate their effect on the properties of vegetative and fruitful growth of Ashrassi cultivar olive. Trees were sprayed until full wetness three consecutive times. The first spray was in April after full bloom, the second was in May and the last spray was in June. The results showed that the effect of foliar spraying with CHI for the treatment F2 At a concentration of 200 mg per tree has significant differences in the increase in the number of leaves, as it reached 77.75 leaves per plant. The increase in the length of the branch was 90.97 cm per plant; the leaf area was 7.20 cm2 per plant. The percentage of the dry matter of the fruits was 50.88 %, the weight of the fruit reached 6.38 g per plant, the oil percentage per pant was 17.41%, as well as an increase in iron concentration in the leaves which reached 31.63 mg per kg. Whereas the treatment F1of 100 mg L-1 showed a significant difference in the number of hermaphrodite flowers, which amounted to 11.25 flowers per inflorescences, the percentage of carbohydrates in the leaves was 5.29%, and the percentage of dry matter in the fruits was 48.80%. Furthermore, the effect of foliar application with the second factor (dry yeast suspension) illustrated significant superiority of Y2 treatment (20 g L-1) for the length of the branch where it reaches 84.25 cm per tree, leaf area 7.05 cm2, the number of hermaphrodite flowers 10.93 flowers per inflorescences, the weight of whole fruit was 6.38 g, the increase of fruit diameter was 21.95 mm, the percentage of carbohydrates in the leaves is 6.03 %, the percentage of the dry matter of the fruits was 53.53%, and the percentage of pureness of the pulp of the fruit 88.28%, and the iron concentration in the leaves reached 24.40 mg. kg-1. As for the treatment Y1 at a concentration of 10 gm L-1. It showed significant differences in the diameter of the fruit amounted to 21.74 mm, the weight of the fruit was 6.10 g, the percentage of dry matter of the fruits was 50.74 %, and the percentage of oil in the fruits was 16.34 %.

Effect of some growth stimulators on productivity, chemical and biological properties of Coleus amboinicus Lour. Cultivated under desert conditions

During the two successive seasons, 2020 and 2021, this investigation was carried out on Coleus amboinicus to study the effect of spraying some plant stimulators on growth, yield, active constituents, and biological activities. The experiment included six foliar spray treatments (control, moringa extract, blue green algae extract, compost tea, active dry yeast extract, and Azolla extract). The applications were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The measured data involved growth and yield parameters (plant height, fresh weight of herb per plant, fresh yield of herb per hectare, dry weight of herb per plant, and dry yield of herb per hectare), chemical parameters (essential oil percent, oil content per plant, oil yield per hectare, oil composition, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content), and biological activities (antioxidant and anticancer). The results represented that spraying C. amboinicus with all stimulators significantly increased growth, yield, essential oil percent, oil content per plant, and oil yield per hectare over control. The significant promising treatment was sprayed with blue green algae extract, which recorded the best traits. Moreover, the results showed that using blue green algae extract revealed the highest total phenolic content in the plant while utilizing compost tea represented the highest total flavonoid content. Consequently, using compost tea enhanced in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activities of C. amboinicus.

EFFECT OF NPK, HUMIC ACID AND DRY YEAST ON GROWTH, OIL YIELD AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF SWEET BASIL (Ocimum basilicum L.)

The present work was carried out during 2019 and 2020 seasons at the Experimental Lathe-house, Fac. Tech.& Develop., Zagazig Univ., to evaluate to what extent can use humic acid and/ or active dry yeast applications instead of/ or compensate the NPK chemical fertilization for enhancing vegetative growth, herb yield and essential oil yield. The obtained results can be summarized as follows: The treatments of 2.5 g NPK/ pot, 2.5 g/ L Humic acid +8.0 g/ L dry yeast extract, and the interaction of the treatment of 2.5 g NPK/ pot, with 2.5 g/ L humic acid + 8.0 g/ L dry yeast extract, being the most effective on vegetative growth, oil yield and the chemical constituents of volatile oils of sweet basil plants, followed by the treatments of 2.5 g NPK/ pot , with 12 g/ L dry yeast extract , and 2.5 g NPK/ pot , with 5 g/ L Humic acid , respectively, in most cases , in the two times of cutting of this study. Conclusively, from this study and the obtained results, it can be concluded that the medium level of NPK at 2.5 g / pot, 2.5 g/l Humic acid + 8.0 g/l dry yeast, and its interaction were recorded the highest values on plant growth characters, chemical contents, pigments, oil yield, and chemical constituents of volatile oils. As well as, the suitable rate of humic acid and dry yeast extract can compensate the high level of NPK doses.

Effect of Foliar Spraying with Ascorbic Acid and Dry Yeast Extract on Some Vegetative Growth Traits and Chemical Content of Bitter Almond (Prunus Amygdalus Var. Amara) Seedlings

Bitter almond seedlings are an important rootstock of sweet almond and other stone fruit species. The suitable stem diameter of rootstock for budding and grafting is the aim of nurseries. Thus, the seedlings are treated with nutrients, hormones and organic materials to enhance the vegetative growth and produce healthy and typical rootstocks. In this study, the emerged bitter almond seedlings were sprayed with three concentrations of ascorbic acid (AsA) (150, 300 and 450 mg. L−1), two concentration of dry yeast extract (DY) (4 and 8 g. L−1) and their interactions, as well as the control treatment (Tap water). The treatments were applied three times throughout the 2017 growing season. The results showed that the ascorbic acid spraying especially 300 mg.L−1 significantly increased leaf area, total leaves area per plant, seedling height, stem diameter, branches length and leaves’ content of phosphorus and ascorbic acid. Meanwhile the effect of dry yeast extract treatments when separately sprayed were less than expected, but the interaction treatments affected positively on some studied measurements. The foliar spray with 150 mg.L−1 AsA + 4.0 g.L−1 DY gave the highest values of stem diameter, branch length and carbohydrate concentration in leaves of bitter almond seedlings. Finally, the foliar spray with 300 mg. L−1 AsA alone or 150 mg.L−1 AsA + 4.0 g.L−1 DY are the recommended to obtain rootstocks of suitable diameter to budding or grafting during one growing season.

Effect of Spraying of Organic Fertilizers (ALGAZON) and Dry Yeast Extract on some Vegetative Parameters and the Yield of Volatile Oil and its Qualities of Myrtus (Myrtus communis L.)

This study was conducted at the nursery of Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture College, University of Basrah, Qarmat Ali campus, at the agricultural season 2018-2019. The Experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D), with two factors, the First factor was organic fertilizer (ALGAZON) with three concentrations (0, 1.5 and 3) ml. L-1, the Second factor was dry yeast extract in three concentrations (0, 3 and 6) g. L-1, by five sprinkles one month between them and a five-day difference between the factors. The results showed that spraying with organic fertilizer (Algazon) at a concentration of 3 ml.L-1, led to a significant increase on the plant height, the main stem diameter, leaf area, main branches number, the fresh and dry weight of the leaves, the dry matter percentage of the leaves, the percentage of oil, the oil yield in the plant, the productivity of volatile per hectare, specific weight and the density of the oil. Sprinkle with dry yeast extract at 6 g. L-1, resulted a significant increase in all vegetative parameters studied and oil yield. The interaction between the organic fertilizers (ALGAZON) spraying treatments was 3 ml. L-1 and dry yeast extract 6 g. L-1, were a significant effect, led to an increase in plant height, the main stem diameter, leaf area, the branches number , Fresh and dry weight of the leaves and the percentage of dry matter, the percentage of oil, Yield oil in plant, productivity of volatile per hectare, refractive index, specific weight and the density of the oil.

Some Agronomical Practices for Improving Growth ,Yield and Quality of Pea Growing at Late Seasons. بعض الممارسات الزراعیة لتحسین النمو والمحصول والجودة للبسلة المنزرعة فی العروات المتأخرة

This work was carried out at the Experimental Farm of El-Baramoon Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, during the late winter season of 2018 and 2019 to study the effect of two sowing dates (20th January and 20th February), foliar applications, i.e., brassinolide (5 and10 mg/l), mixture of growth regulator (0.5 and 1cm/l), dry yeast extract (5 and 10gm/l) potassium nitrate (1 and 2 gm/l) and potassium silicate (2.5 and 5gm/l) in addition to vernalization practice and their interactions on growth, yield and its components characteristics of pea cv. Master- B.The obtained results revealed that, the first sowing date induced a higher growth values , yield and its components and chemical composition of seeds compared with the second sowing date. Spraying brassinolide at 10 mg/l gave the highest growth, yield and chemical components of pea plants, followed by potassium nitrate at 2gm/l, growth regulators mixture at 1cm/l and yeast extract at 10gm/l. Sowing pea seeds in 20th January and spraying with brassinolide at 10 mg/l introduced the best interaction with respect to growth, yield components and chemical composition of seeds. From the obtained results it could be recommended that sowing pea in 20th January and spraying with brassinolide (10 mg/l) and/or potassium nitrate at 2gm/l, and/or growth regulators mixture at 1cm/l and/or yeast extract at 10 gm/l improved growth, yield and chemical composition of pea growing at late season conditions .

Valorization of Zymomonas mobilis for bioethanol production from potato peel: fermentation process optimization

In this study, Zymomonas mobilis was used to produce bioethanol from potato peel (PP) wastes. For this purpose, enzymatic hydrolysis was first performed on potato peel to release the fermentable sugars. Then, the effect of enzyme dosages and solid loading was investigated on the hydrolysis process. Following the hydrolysis step, to evaluate the ability of Z. mobilis in bioethanol production from PP, the effects of five important factors (initial sugar concentration, bacterial dry weight, peptone and yeast extract weights, and fermentation time) were studied, after which the factors were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design. It was observed that a maximum of 88.2 g/l reducing sugar was produced using 50 U α-amylase and 12 U amyloglucosidase with 20%PP solid loading. The optimized conditions for fermentation step were as follows: 61.3 g/l initial sugar, 0.024 g bacterial dry cell, 0.35 g meat peptone, 0.35 g yeast extract, and 31-h fermentation time. The maximum ethanol concentration of 23.3 ± 0.015 g/l was produced under the optimum conditions. Time courses of ethanol production and sugar consumption were also studied, revealing consumption of 78.9% of initial sugars under optimum conditions.

SALT TOLERANCE OF OCIMUM BASILICUM CV. GENOVESE USING SALICYLIC ACID, SEAWEED, DRY YEAST AND MORINGA LEAF EXTRACT

To improve the salt tolerance of Genovese cultivar of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of certain growth substances (salicylic acid, seaweed extract, dry yeast and moringa leaf extract) on growth, volatile oil percentage and yield as well as chemical constituents under saline water irrigation stress conditions (control, 1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm NaCl). The obtained results revealed that the higher salinity levels (2000 and 4000 ppm NaCl) caused significant decreases in vegetative growth measurements of basil plants compared to control and the lowest salinity level (1000 ppm NaCl). Maximum reduction was observed at 4000 ppm NaCl which showed higher increase of the total phenolics and free proline contents. All recoded parameters were enhanced for plants grown under 1000 ppm NaCl. Seaweed extract was superior than other treatments in enhancing the plant tolerance to salinity which appeared in the significantly increasing of growth and volatile oil content of basil. Phenolics and proline contents were increased with salicylic acid treatment comparing with other ones. The best combination recommended as a result of the current study is treating basil plants with seaweed extract under low salinity level (1000 ppm) for improving the growth and volatile oil parameters.

Assessment the impact of iron nanoparticles and dry yeast extract on the corn (Zea maize L.)

An experiment was carried out at the Glass House at the Faculty of Agriculture, Anbar University for the 2016-2017 season. Where the addition of nano-iron and dry yeast extract to evaluate the response of maize productivity to five levels of nano-iron, which is 0, 25,50, 75 and 100 mg, were sprayed on the leaves, and the yeast extract at three levels 0, 100 and 150 grams per liter spray on the leaves. The results showed the superiority of the treatments that were sprayed with nanoparticles with the highest rate of chlorophyll, the seed protein ratio and the percentage of seed oil. Significant levels were also recorded when spraying the plants with dry yeast extract. The interactions of 100 mg of nanotube and 60 g / l dry yeast extract characterized by the highest rate of chlorophyll, the oil content in the seeds (%) and the protein rate in the seeds (%) compared to other transactions.

RESPONSE OF Cyperus alternifolius L. PLANT TO SOME ANTI-TRANSPIRANTS AND IRRIGATION WATER LEVELS

This investigation was carried out in the open field at the experimental nursery of Ornamental Plants and Landscape Gardening Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., ARC., Giza, Egypt during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons to study the effect of different anti-transpirants (active dry yeast extract at 1, 2 and 3%, calcium carbonate at 100, 200, 300 ppm and kaolin at 1, 2 and 3%) on umbrella plant (Cyperus alternifolius L.) cultivated as a pot plant in 25 cm pots under different irrigation levels expressed as percentage of water holding capacity (WHC) at 100, 75, 50 and 25%. The aim of this work was to reduce irrigation water quantity to a considerable level without obvious reduction in the plant quality and its aesthetic value. Reducing irrigation levels resulted in the lowering plant quality with increasing proline content (mg/g d.w.) in the plants. The effect of irrigating at 75% WHC was close to irrigating at 100% WHC without great quality reduction in most cases. Spraying with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) at 200 ppm or active dry yeast extract (ADY) at 3% resulted in the highest values for the most studied traits. Combined treatment between irrigating at 75% of WHC and spraying with CaCO3 at 200 ppm produced the highest values of plant height (cm), chlorophylls a, b, carotenoids contents (mg/g f.w.) and total carbohydrates percentage. Such treatment came in the second order after the superior combination comprised irrigating at 100% WHC without significant difference between them concerning stem number/plant, stem diameter (cm), offset number/plant, fresh and dry weights of vegetative growth and underground parts weight (g) and root length (cm). Our results indicate that irrigation water quantity could be reduced by 25% without reduction in quality and atheistic value in umbrella plants planted in 25 cm pots via irrigation at 75% WHC two times/week and spraying them with CaCO3 at 200 ppm monthly. Key

Dry-yeast Extracts Curtails Pulmonary Inflammation and Tissue Destruction in a Model of Experimental Emphysema (P06-078-19)

ObjectivesPulmonary emphysema characterized by loss of alveolar integrity is caused by damage to the alveoli as a result of prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke, inhaled irritants, air pollution and fine dust. Emphysema entails pulmonary inflammation of the lungs, narrowing of the small airways, and destruction of the lung tissues. Our previous study found that dry-yeast extracts inhibited eosinophilia and mucus overproduction in a murine model of asthma. The current study examined whether dry-yeast extracts ameliorated pulmonary emphysema in mice evoked by cigarette smoke. MethodsEmphysema was induced by exposure of BALB/c mice to cigarette smoke for 30 min, five days a week for eight weeks. Mice were orally administrated with 50–200 mg/kg for 8 weeks. In the in vitro studies employing alveolar epithelial A549 cells 2 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was loaded in the absence and presence of 10–100 μg/ml dry-yeast extracts. ResultsOral supplementation of dry-yeast extracts reduced the influx of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and eosinophils in lung promoted by cigarette smoke. H&E staining revealed that alveoli emphysema was evident in cigarette smoke-exposed lung, which was ameliorated by treating dry-yeast extracts to mice. Dry-yeast extract improved the apoptotic bax/antiapoptotic bcl-2 ratio of lung tissues damaged by cigarette smoke. In addition, the immunohistochemical analysis employing anti-MMP12 confirmed that dry-yeast extracts inhibited apoptotic damage of alveoli subjected to cigarette smoke. In lung tissues dry-yeast extracts attenuated the induction of cigarette smoke-promoted inducible cyclooxygenase-2, a key mediator of inflammatory pathways. In A549 cells exposed to LPS, dry-yeast extract attenuated alveolar inflammation. ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that dry-yeast extracts inhibited pulmonary inflammation leading to emphysema in small airways and alveoli exposed to cigarette smoke. Therefore, dry-yeast extracts may be a promising agent treating progressive pulmonary disorders including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Funding SourcesThis work (Grants No. C0501612) was supported by project for Cooperative R&D between Industry, Academy, and Research Institute funded Korea Ministry of SMEs and Startups in 20.

Impact of yeast extract, zinc sulphate and organic fertilizers spraying on potato growth and yield

This study was carried out at a private farm in proximity to the Faculty of Agriculture, University of AL-Qasam Green, Babylon, Iraq with an objective to evaluate the performance of manure, organic poultry residuals, dry yeast extract and zinc sulfate on growth and yield of potato. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot within a randomized complete block design keeping three poultry litter doses (0, 1.5 and 3 Mt/ha) as the main plot treatments and five dry yeast extract doses (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/l) and two zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) doses (200 and 400 mg/l) as the sub-plot treatments. The interaction of 3 Mt/ha poultry litter in combination with 8 g/l dry yeast produced the plants with the longest vines. The interaction of 1.5 Mt/ha poultry litter in combination with 4 g/l dry yeast extract produced the maximum stems, highest chlorophyll level, highest leaf area and most total and marketable tubers. Likewise, the interaction of 3 Mt/ha poultry litter in combination with 200 g/l ZnSO4 produced the heaviest tubers and maximum total and marketable yields. The interaction of 1.5 Mt/ha poultry litter in combination with 8 g/l dry yeast produced maximum percentage of dry matter and starch. The best response for higher total and marketable yields was recorded with the application of 3 Mt/ha poultry litter in combination with 200 g/l ZnSO4.

Influence of supplementation with two specific inactivated dry yeast and grape-skin extract on the color and composition of red wine

Wines from grapes of Cabernet Sauvignon of the AOC Tarragona were elaborated with supplementation or not of two specific inactivated dry yeasts (Optired®and Optimum Red®; Lallemand Inc.) or with an experimental grape-skin extract. All the wines treated were significantly less astringent than the control wine because both inactivated dry yeast and the skin extract released polysaccharides which probably inhibit interactions between salivary proteins and tannins, and because their presence decrease the proportion of seed tannins and increase the proportion of skin tannins in the final wines.

Influence of Some Nitrogen Fertilization and Dry Yeast Extract Levels on Growth and Pod Yield of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Influence of Some Nitrogen Fertilization and Dry Yeast Extract Levels on Growth and Pod Yield of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION LEVEL AND BIO-STIMULANTS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM L) IN CALCAREOUS SOILS

The aim of the present investigation was to improve the productivity of garlic grown on the sandy calcareous soil of Arab El-Awammer Experimental Station, Assiut governorate through using bio-stimulants and the suitable level of irrigation under drip irrigation system. For this purpose two field experiments were conducted during two winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 in split plot design with three replicates to detect the production and quality of garlic (Balady variety) as influenced by irrigation level in main plots (100%, 80% and 60% of Reference Evapotranspiration ETo) and bio-stimulants (control, active dry yeast extract 5g/l, potassium humate 4 kg/fed, and both of them) in the sub plots. The obtained results indicated that irrigated garlic plants with 100% of ETo recorded significant increases for plant growth, yield and yield components as compared to irrigation level by 80% and 60% from ETo during both seasons. On the other hand, all bio-stimulants treatments were surpassed the control significantly. Soil application with potassium humate showed the highest values of studied parameters. Regarding to the interaction between the tested factors in the two trial seasons, irrigated garlic plants with 100% of ETo treated with potassium humate recorded the greatest values of all estimated parameters for plant growth, yield and yield components.

INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION WATER QUANTITY AND BIOFERTILIZER ON CAULIFLOWER PRODUCTIVITY IN SANDY CALCAREOUS SOIL

Water stress adversely affects plant productivity. Plant growth and curdproduction of cauliflower are limited under water stress. Hence, this research was anattempt to determine the effect of water regimes on cauliflower yield, enhance theproductivity in the sandy calcareous soils by using active dry yeast extract orpotassium humate and maximize of the water unite production. The cauliflowerplants have shown varying responses against water regimes, which was irrigationwith 80% of Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) gives the highest values for allstudied parameters. Moreover, soil applications of active dry yeast extract orpotassium humate had the greatest stimulation effect on plant growth charactersunder different irrigation regimes (100%, 80% and 60% of ETo) in compared withcontrol. The results of the interaction revealed that the second irrigation (80% ofETo) plus adding active dry yeast extract or potassium humate to soil recorded thelargest curd diameter, biggest curd weight, and also the highest total yield ofcauliflower during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons, respectively.