Effect of Foliar Spraying with Chelated Iron (CHI) and Dry Yeast Extract (DYE) on Vegetative Growth and Yield Properties of Ashrassi Cultivar Olive Trees

Abstract

This study was carried out in a private olive field located in the western desert of Rawa city, the village of (Abu Koi) in Anbar Governorate in Iraq during the season 2021-2022 to study the effect of foliar spraying with chelated iron (CHI) At three levels of concentrations (0, 100, and 200 mg L-1) have symbols of (F0, F1, and F2) respectively as well as dry yeast extract (DYE) (Y0, Y1, and Y2) With three concentration levels (0, 10, 20 g L-1) respectively, and their interactions. To investigate their effect on the properties of vegetative and fruitful growth of Ashrassi cultivar olive. Trees were sprayed until full wetness three consecutive times. The first spray was in April after full bloom, the second was in May and the last spray was in June. The results showed that the effect of foliar spraying with CHI for the treatment F2 At a concentration of 200 mg per tree has significant differences in the increase in the number of leaves, as it reached 77.75 leaves per plant. The increase in the length of the branch was 90.97 cm per plant; the leaf area was 7.20 cm2 per plant. The percentage of the dry matter of the fruits was 50.88 %, the weight of the fruit reached 6.38 g per plant, the oil percentage per pant was 17.41%, as well as an increase in iron concentration in the leaves which reached 31.63 mg per kg. Whereas the treatment F1of 100 mg L-1 showed a significant difference in the number of hermaphrodite flowers, which amounted to 11.25 flowers per inflorescences, the percentage of carbohydrates in the leaves was 5.29%, and the percentage of dry matter in the fruits was 48.80%. Furthermore, the effect of foliar application with the second factor (dry yeast suspension) illustrated significant superiority of Y2 treatment (20 g L-1) for the length of the branch where it reaches 84.25 cm per tree, leaf area 7.05 cm2, the number of hermaphrodite flowers 10.93 flowers per inflorescences, the weight of whole fruit was 6.38 g, the increase of fruit diameter was 21.95 mm, the percentage of carbohydrates in the leaves is 6.03 %, the percentage of the dry matter of the fruits was 53.53%, and the percentage of pureness of the pulp of the fruit 88.28%, and the iron concentration in the leaves reached 24.40 mg. kg-1. As for the treatment Y1 at a concentration of 10 gm L-1. It showed significant differences in the diameter of the fruit amounted to 21.74 mm, the weight of the fruit was 6.10 g, the percentage of dry matter of the fruits was 50.74 %, and the percentage of oil in the fruits was 16.34 %.