Tuber Dry Weight Research Articles

The Effects of Biochar and Compost on Different Cultivars of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Sandy Soil Under Saline Water

High salinity irrigation will cause nutrient uptake and shallot growth to deplete due to its sensitivity to salinity. This research aimed to investigate the effect of biochar and compost on shallot growth and nutrient uptake in sandy soil like Entisol when irrigated using salty water. This research carried out some pot experiments and put on the field using a completely randomized design. The first factor was based on the amendment with control of 20 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> of Biochar, 10 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> of compost, and a mixture of 10 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> biochar and 5 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> of compost; the second factor was composed of 3 shallot cultivars (Brebes, Pemalang, and Purbalingga). Each pot was filled with 15 kg of soil; the pot 30 cm in diameter, incubated with saline water and irrigated by 2 dS m<sup>-1</sup>. The results show that irrigation with ground saline water causes Entisol to increase exchangable Na, Ece and SAR, decrease exchangeable Ca and Mg. The application of all treatments decreased SAR. The application of compost significantly increased N and K uptake but made soil pH, EC, and SAR to decrease while fresh weight and dry weight of bulb in Brebes cultivars increased. The combination of biochar with 5 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> of compost produced the highest yield on plant height and number of tuber in Pemalang cultivars and had the largest tuber diameter in Purbalingga cultivars. There is an interaction between amendment and cultivar on plant height, fresh weight of tuber (P<0.01), dry weight of tuber (P<0.01).

Upregulated Lipid Biosynthesis at the Expense of Starch Production in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Vegetative Tissues via Simultaneous Downregulation of ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase and Sugar Dependent1 Expressions.

Triacylglycerol is a major component of vegetable oil in seeds and fruits of many plants, but its production in vegetative tissues is rather limited. It would be intriguing and important to explore any possibility to expand current oil production platforms, for example from the plant vegetative tissues. By expressing a suite of transgenes involved in the triacylglycerol biosynthesis, we have previously observed substantial accumulation of triacylglycerol in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf and potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber. In this study, simultaneous RNA interference (RNAi) downregulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and Sugar-dependent1 (SDP1), was able to increase the accumulation of triacylglycerol and other lipids in both wild type potato and the previously generated high oil potato line 69. Particularly, a 16-fold enhancement of triacylglycerol production was observed in the mature transgenic tubers derived from the wild type potato, and a two-fold increase in triacylglycerol was observed in the high oil potato line 69, accounting for about 7% of tuber dry weight, which is the highest triacylglycerol accumulation ever reported in potato. In addition to the alterations of lipid content and fatty acid composition, sugar accumulation, starch content of the RNAi potato lines in both tuber and leaf tissues were also substantially changed, as well as the tuber starch properties. Microscopic analysis further revealed variation of lipid droplet distribution and starch granule morphology in the mature transgenic tubers compared to their parent lines. This study reflects that the carbon partitioning between lipid and starch in both leaves and non-photosynthetic tuber tissues, respectively, are highly orchestrated in potato, and it is promising to convert low-energy starch to storage lipids via genetic manipulation of the carbon metabolism pathways.

Yield and quality of new celeriac (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum) cultivars in organic field management

In this study, carried out in 2017, the aim of the experiment was to compare new cultivars of celeriac (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum) that were not yet registered on the EU list. Yield as well as chemical composition of tubers and leaves were determined. The yield of tubers ranged from 31.2 t ha(‑1) (‘Kompakt’) to 52.6 t ha(‑1) (‘Diamant’), and leaf biomass ranged from 26.3 t ha‑1 (‘NOV2231 AG’) to 54.7 t ha(‑1) (‘Phoenix’). The new cultivars – ‘Phoenix’ and ‘Kompakt’ – were characterized by the highest dry weight of tubers (15.5 and 14.0%, respectively) in relation to the well-known cultivars ‘Diamant’ and ‘Brilliant’ (10.3 and 10.6%, respectively). A significantly higher amount of essential oils was found in the leaves of the new cultivar ‘NOV2231 AG’ (0.95 cm3 100 g(‑1) DW) compared to ‘Diamant’, ‘Brilliant’ and ‘Phoenix’. The highest total phenolic content was determined in tubers of the new cultivars ‘Phoenix’ and ‘Kompakt’ (0.73 and 0.69 mg GAE g(‑1) FW, respectively). The lowest concentrations of Ca, S, Mn, and Sr, Cd and Ba were determined in the leaves of ‘NOV2231 AG’. In general, all the new cultivars tested (with the exception of ‘AG1101’) had a lower tuber weight but a significantly higher concentration of flavonoids and total phenols in the roots in relation to the well-known cultivars ‘Brilliant’ and ‘Diamant’. Except for ‘NOV2231 AG’, the tubers of the new cultivars were characterized by a higher dry mass compared to ‘Brilliant’ and ‘Diamant’. The leaves of the new cultivars were notable for the lowest Ca and Mg content in comparison with the well-known commercial cultivars.

A model-based approach to analyse genetic variation in potato using standard cultivars and a segregating population. II. Tuber bulking and resource use efficiency

Quantitative differences in tuber bulking of 100 genotypes in a segregating F1 population, their parents (SH, RH) and five contrasting cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum) grown in six environments were analysed using a piece-wise expolinear function. Tuber bulking was characterised by three parameters: cm, ED and wmax, where cm and ED were growth rate and effective duration, respectively, of the linear phase of tuber bulking, and wmax was the final tuber dry weight at the end of the linear phase (tE). We also analysed radiation (RUET) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUET), and their relationships with the model parameters. Values of cm and RUET were highest for early-maturing genotypes. Late-maturing genotypes had largest ED and NUET. As a result, wmax was higher in late genotypes than in early genotypes. Most traits exhibited high heritability and high genetic correlations with wmax. Path analysis showed that RUET, cm and a previously quantified parameter for total canopy cover Asum, had a major influence on wmax. Sixteen QTLs were detected for all traits explaining the phenotypic variance by up to 66%. One particular QTL on paternal linkage group V was detected for all traits with a major additive effect and maximum total phenotypic variance. Additional QTLs mostly associated with RH (cm, tE and ED) or both SH-RH linkage groups (NUET, wmax). Our study demonstrates that there are opportunities for improving tuber dry matter yield by selecting an optimal combination of important physiological traits.

PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN AIR KELAPA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum. L) PADA BERBAGAI MACAM MEDIA

Demand for shallots continues to increase due to increasing population and consumption of mera onions. This research was carried out in jingglong village, Sutojayan sub-district, Blitar district in April - June 2018. This research was conducted using factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 2 factors, the first factor was immersion in coconut water (k) which consisted of 3 levels namely immersion for 1 hour (k1) soaking for 2 hours (k2) soaking for 3 hours (k3). The second factor is various media (m) consisting of 3 levels: soil 1: fertilizer 1: husk ash 1 (m1), soil 2: fertilizer 1: husk ash 1 (m2), soil 1: fertilizer 2: husk ash 1 ( m3) The variables observed included plant height, number of shoots, number of leaves, weight of tuber stover, wet weight of tubers, dry weight of tubers. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) level of 5% and further testing with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). There is no real interaction between coconut water immersion and various planting media on the growth and yield of shallots. The treatment of coconut water immersion (k) significantly affected the height of shallot plants at the age of 14 days and 21 days, and affected the number of shoots and leaves at all ages of observation. The treatment of various planting media showed a significant difference at the age of 14 days to 21 days. The treatment of various planting media had a significant effect on the weight of stover and the wet weight of onion tubers with the highest yield (m1) of 122.03 gr, while in the wet weight the highest yield was on media (m1) with a yield of 80.51 gr.

PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Effect of Plant Spacing and Dosage Manure on Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). This study aims to determine the effect of plant spacing and doses of manure is right for the growth and yield of onion maximum. This research was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, substations Organic Horticulture Darussalam, Banda Aceh. This research has been conducted on the month in March 2016 to May 2016. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) factorial 2 x 4 with three replications, so that there are 8 combined treatments and 24 experimental units. Factors studied were plant spacing which consists of two levels ie (20 cm x 15 cm) and (20 cm x 25 cm) and the dose of manure which consists of four levels ie (without manure), (10 ton ha-1) , (20 ton ha-1) and (30 ton ha-1). The results showed that the spacing of significant effect on the wet weight berangkasan per plot and the dry weight of tuber per plot, plant height significantly affected the age of 30 HST and berangkasan dry weight per plot. Influential no significant effect on plant height at 15 and 45 days after planting, leaf number aged 15, 30 and 45 days after planting, the number of tillers per hill, tuber number per hill, wet weight berangkasan per clump, dry weight berangkasan per clump, dry weight of tuber per hill. Growth and the best results encountered at a spacing of 15 cm x 20 cm. Dose manure no real effect on all the observed variables. There was no significant interaction between treatment and dose spacing of manure, so there is no relationship between the two factors. Keywords : onion, plant spacing and doses of manure

The Test of Genotype Adaptation of Several Garlic Varieties on the Highland

This study aims to determine the growth patterns of four types of local garlic (Allium sativum L.) and to obtain the adaptive appearance of the agronomical characteristics with maximum tuber weight in two different altitude places. The research was conducted in the Borah garlic farmer garden, Wiyurejo village, Pujon subdistrict, Batu city with an altitude of 1200 m above sea level, daily temperature of 15-20C and average rainfall of 21.400 millimeter/year and in the UB pilot garden of Cangar, Tulungrejo Urban village, Bumiaji Sub district, tourism city of Batu with an altitude of 1600 m above sea level, daily temperature of 17.5-22.8C and average rainfall of 2733 millimeter/year/year. The experimental design used was a Nested completely randomized design. The parameters observed were measuring plant variables consisting of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, tuber diameter, tuber wet weight, tuber dry weight and tuber dry weight (tons per hectare). The results showed that the best growth pattern occurred at an altitude of 1600 m above sea level with 10 weeks after planting/meters sea level (weeks after planting). On the other hand, the highest weight is found in the type of Atsabe (3.932ton ha-1) but not significantly different from Saigon (3.735ton ha-1) at altitude of 1600 m above sea level as well as genotype of Saigon (3.628ton ha-1) and Atsabe (3.355ton ha-1) at altitude of 1200 m above sea level. Besides that, the highest percentage of allicine is found in the varieties of Atsabe (19.18%) and the lowest is found in the varieties of Sembalun (4.87%) at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. For the growth and productions of local garlic plants from the four varieties, it is recommended to use Saigon and Atsabe genotypes at altitudes of 1600 m above sea level and 1200 m above sea level.

Response ofHelianthus tuberosusL. to pinching techniques for ornamental containerized purpose

Most Jerusalem artichoke (JA, Helianthus tuberosus L.) grown as edible functional food plant, produce more tubers with high stems (1.5-2.0 m). To develop them as potted plant it is necessary to control their height and to increase branches in order to create a more compact canopy. Two experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions. Experiment 1 demonstrated that pinching seedlings at all position (2, 3, and 4 leaf pairs: LFP) increased canopy width, total leaf area, compactness index, number of branching and leaf and stem dry weight, but reduced plant height more than 40% when compared with non-pinching treatment. Leaving 2 or 3 LFP instead of 4 LFP after pinching only increased compactness index with marketable characters. None of the pinching times (10, 20 and 30 days after tuber planting: DAP) affected total leaf area, compactness index, number of branching and total leaf area. Pinching at 30 DAP gave the lowest leaf and root dry weight (DW). No interaction between pinching position and time in all growth parameters was seen, except in plant stem DW by leaving 2 or 3 LFP at 20 DAP after pinching. Experiment 2 showed that pinching seedlings with 2 LFP had low new tuber DW through all growth stages, however the underground part produced higher DW when reaching the harvesting stage. Higher reducing sugar accumulation in new tubers was found in normal plants (non-pinched) from flowering stage to senescence stage, thereafter its content declined compared to pinching plant at harvesting time. This result suggests that pinching technique might be partially a good horticultural practice to control JA height and canopy for the use as an ideal ornamental containerized plant.

Potato cultivar BRS F63 Camila has higher yield at lower plant spacing

ABSTRACT The plant management used in potato crop is usually similar across the main producing regions in Brazil. Same plant spacing are commonly used, despite the differences in climate and soil of the various potato planting areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield of potato cultivars in response to different plant spacing. Experiments were conducted in the field, and the treatments consisted of three cultivars (Agata, BRS Clara and BRS F63 Camila) and three plant spacing (20, 25 and 30 cm) in randomized blocks with three repetitions in two years. The total, marketable and non-marketable tuber yield, total and marketable number of tubers per area and size class, mean total and marketable tuber weight and percentage of tuber dry weight of the tubers were evaluated. Camila was the cultivar with highest yield when spaced 20 cm due to the greater number of tubers in the marketable class 100-200 g. In the 25 and 30 cm plant spacing, there was no difference in yield among cultivars. Depending on the cultivar and the destination of the harvested tubers, producers can choose the most appropriated plant spacing.

Produksi Umbi Mini Sebagai Propagul Kultivar Kentang (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Granola, Atlantik dan Cipanas

Mini tuber production aspropagulcultivars of potato (Solanumtuberusum L.) Granola, Atlantic and Cipanaswasdone in Kebun Percobaan Sub Balai Penelitian Hortikultura Cipanas for 4 months with 3 times replications. The design used is a Random Design Group (RAK) with two factors, namely the cultivar (Granola, Atlantik and Cipanas) as the first factor and volume pots, namely 43cm3, 86cm3, 11 cm3 and 134cm3 as the second factor. A total of 12 treatment combinations with the experimental unit consisted of 20 plants with four blocks. The variables observed include high plant, the number ofbook, number of tubers/plant, diameter bulbs, wet and dry weight of tuber, wet and dry weight of tuber/plant, was the amount of standard A bulbs (< 1.0 g/tuber), standard B (1.0– 10.0 g/tuber) and standard C (more than 10.0 g/tuber). Observation on vegetative variables is done every week since the second week up to eight weeks, while the independent harvesting is done at 10 MST. Mini tuber production experiment, cultivars and volume pot has no effect on the number of books and plant potatoes.Interactionbetween cultivars with the volume potaffectvariables the number of tubers/plant.Numberof bulbs are correlated positively with tuber standard B on all three cultivars, the number ofstandarsB/plant are obtained in combination treatment of cultivar Atlantic in volume pot 134cm3.Interactionbetween cultivars with the volume pot affects the weight of wet bulbs/plant. Wet weight/tuber crop cultivar Cipanas in volume pot 43cm3 and 86cm3 weights the same, whereas on the volume pot 134cm3 weight wet bulb cultivar Atlantik is the hardest. From the result concluded that cultivars Granola, Atlantik and Cipanasdeliversresults in accordance with the benefits and usefulness infullfieldthe need for potatoes for the people in Indonesia.Keywords : mini tuber, potato, Granola, Atlantik, Cipanas

Does planting time affect the nutritional demand and yield of potato cultivars?

ABSTRACT: Determining the level of absorption of nutrients in the potato crop at different stages of development is important because it allows identification of the time when the elements are most required by plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the level of nutrient absorption in cultivars after different planting times. Field experiment was conducted in Guarapuava-PR. Treatments consisted of three cultivars (Agata, BRS Clara, and BRS F63 Camila) and two planting times (October and February), in randomized blocks, with three replications in the crop season 2015/16. The total macro and micronutrient content (leaves, stems, and tubers) was quantified at 15 and 45 days after plant emergence. The total dry weight of plants was verified at 45 days after emergence. At harvest, dry weight of tubers, and total and commercial yield was recorded. It was observed that BRS F63 Camila produced a higher total dry weight of plants at 45 days after emergence, and higher dry weight of tubers at harvest because of the higher accumulation of Fe, Mn, and Zn following the October planting. The BRS Clara produced higher total dry weight and higher dry weight of tubers following February planting with higher Ca and S accumulation. Depending on the developmental period and planting time, cultivars differed in nutrient accumulation and tuber dry weight production. Greater nutritional demand and higher yield occurred following the October planting.

PENGARUH BERBAGAI JENIS DAN DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH VARIETAS LEMBAH PALU

Research aims to test the effectiveness of various types of manure combined with various doses of application for the growth and result of shallot varieties of Palu Valley. This research was designed using factorial randomized block design. The first factor was manure with three types of treatment, namely chicken manure (P1), got manure (P2), cow manure (P3). The second factor was the dose of manure consisting of three types of treatment, namely 10 t ha­­-1 (3,6 kg plot-1) (D1), 20 t ha­­-1 (7,2 kg plot-1) (D2), 30 t ha­­-1 (10,8 kg plot-1) (D3). The results show that the combination of various types of treatment and doses of chicken manure interacts on plat height parameters aged 35 days after planting. The treatment of chicken manure with a dose of 30 t ha-1 gives better results. The single treatment of chicken manure gave better results for the plant height, weight of leaves, root dry weight, leaf dry weight , number of tubers per clump. Single treatment of manure dosage of 30 t ha-1 gave better results on plant height, leaf area , leaf fres weight, leaf dry weight tuber fresh weight per hectare.

Acid pretreatment improves microtuberization of potato plantlets

To efficiently produce potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) microtubers, in vitro plantlets were pretreated with an acid solution before culturing in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 60 g L−1 sucrose. The first tubers were formed at 36 h of acid pretreatment (AT), which was 6.2 d earlier than the untreated control. The maximum number of tubers (3.2), and highest fresh weight per tuber (282.5 mg) were also achieved with the AT. During microtuberization, the leaf dry weight of the control was higher than the AT from 1 to 5 d of culture. However, the dry weight of AT leaves increased rapidly after 5 d of culture and reached the same level as the control. The tuber dry weight in the AT was significantly higher (α = 0.05) than the control during the same culture period. Sucrose and starch content, and the enzyme activity of sucrose synthase (SS), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), and soluble starch synthase (SSS) in the AT and control exhibited a similar pattern as culture time progressed. However, levels of these biochemical indexes statistically differed (α = 0.05) between the AT and control. In addition to the sucrose content in AT, the starch content and activities of SS, AGPase, and SSS in the leaves were lower, whereas those in tubers were higher than those in the control. The present study suggests that acid pretreatment can efficiently promote microtuber formation and growth, which can be used for industrial production of potato seeds.

Monoecious Hydrilla verticillata development in complete darkness

Hydrilla verticillata is one of the most problematic invasive submersed aquatic weeds in the United States. A study was conducted in growth chambers to look at aspects of development of monoecious Hydrilla verticillata in complete darkness. A single tuber was placed in each of forty-eight growth chambers. Following differential blackout intervals of zero, two, four, six, eight, or ten weeks, plants in each treatment group were dissected into above ground (shoot) and below ground (tuber) material. Plant section length, dry weight, and non-structural carbohydrate content were determined. Shoot lengths increased by 32.1 cm following ten weeks of dark exposure, as compared to the zero-darkness exposure controls. Despite the increase in total shoot length, total dry weight decreased from 34.6 mg (zero-darkness) to 25.4 mg after ten weeks of dark exposure. During this time, tuber dry weight declined from 34.6 mg (zero-darkness) to 5.8 mg and shoot dry weight increased from 0 mg (zero-darkness) to 20 mg. Starch was the most prominent non-structural carbohydrate present in plants throughout the experiment. Starch levels were highest in plants prior to germination (31% of dry weight) and declined significantly and steadily over the course of the 10-week dark development experiment to an average of 20% of dry weight. The results of this study indicate that monoecious hydrilla has a high elongation and development potential over long periods of time in darkness. This adaptation is advantageous in overcoming light blocking management techniques and in allowing the species to occupy a larger area of the profundal zone.

Potato Growth and Yield Attributes as Affected by Boron and Selenium Foliar Application

Enhancing potato growth and yield attributes via both Boron (Br) and Selenium (Se) is a great potential nowadays. Therefore, the present investigation was done to study the effe ct of Boron and Selenium singly or in combination as foliar application on plant growth, yield and quality of two potato cultivars 'Lady Rosetta and Caruso' during both seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The experimental layout was split plots system in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Cultivars were arranged as the main plots and concentrations of Boron and Selenium singly or in combination were assigned as sub-plots. Boron was sprayed in three concentrations 0, 50, and 100 mg/l whereas Selenium was used at 0, 5, and 10 mg/l concentrations twice at 55 and 70 days after planting. The study indicated that plant growth and yield of potato plants were significantly enhanced by Boron and Selenium treatments. Plant height, tuber dry weight, number of tubers/plant, tuber yield/plant, tuber yield/feddan, tuber TSS %, ascorbic acid, tubers sugars (i.e. starch, reducing, non-reducing and total sugars), leaf total chlorophyll, leaf and tubers contents of N, P, K, Br and Se of both potato cultivars ' Lady Rosetta and Caruso' were significantly enhanced by Boron (100 mg/l) combined with Selenium (5 mg/l) foliar application at 55 and 70 days after planting during both seasons of the study.

Potential yield and efficiency of N and K uptake in tubers of cvs. Capiro and Suprema (Solanum tuberosum Group Andigenum)

Potato yield depends on the genotype-environment interaction, edaphic nutrient supply, and fertilization rates. The total tuber yield (FWt), dry weight of tubers (DWt), harvest index (HI) and nutrient use efficiency in tubers (NUEt) were evaluated in the Andean region in Colombia at 75, 100, 125, and 150 d after sowing using two cultivars (Capiro, Suprema), three locations with contrasting soils (Subachoque, Facatativa and Choconta) and two levels of fertilization: F0 (unfertilized) and F1 (fertilized). The Humic Dystrudept soils with fertilization (Choconta) presented late tuber filling with increases of 48 and 64% for the DWt in the cvs. Suprema and Capiro, respectively. In Suprema, the highest production potentials were obtained in fertilized soils with low fertility, with increases of 60.9% for the DWt and 75% for the HI. On the other hand, Capiro was better adapted to soils with medium to high fertility, with increases of up to 86.7% for the FWt, as compared to the unfertilized soils. This increase may be related to higher rates of nutrient recovery efficiency (RFt), higher accumulated nutrients per tuber yield (EPt) and a better NUEt because N. Suprema presented a negative EPt and RFt with HI<45% and the lowest NUE of N and K in high fertility soils, which represents a null response to fertilization and possible mechanisms of luxury consumption for the evaluated elements.

Global field experiments for potato simulations

A large field potato experimental data set has been assembled for simulation modeling. The data are from temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions across the world and include 87 experiments with 204 treatments. Treatments include nitrogen fertilizer, irrigation, atmospheric CO2 levels, temperature, cultivars, and locations. For all experiments, measurements include tuber fresh and dry weight. For some experiments, measurements include in-season biomass, leaf area index, stem and leaf weight, N uptake, soil water, and soil N contents. Each experiment has soil characteristics and daily data for solar radiation, rainfall, and maximum and minimum temperature. The data have been quality checked and used in a previous simulation exercise. All data are in AGMIP format. Data access via doi 10.7910/DVN/4KJ5ME.

Resistensi Beberapa Varietas Bawang Merah Terhadap Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides

<p>Shallot is an important vegetable because it is needed for seasoning and beneficial for health. One of the problems in shallot cultivation is the decrease in productivity due to <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em> attack that caused anthracnose disease. The use of resistant varieties is a solution to control <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> which is safe and doesn't cause environmental damage. Shallot consists of many varieties, but their resistance level remains unknown. The research aimed to test the resistance of some varieties of shallots to <em>C. gloeosporioides</em>. Shallots varieties tested are Tajuk, Bauji, Bima Curut, Bima Rajat, Bali Lancur and Bali Karet. The research used a one-factor completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 5 replications. The results of the research showed that Tajuk, Bima Curut, Bali Lancur and Bali Karet varieties were highly susceptible due to disease severity of more than 71%, have a faster incubation period of anthracnose, high disease incidence and a significant decrease in tuber. Bauji and Bima Rajat varieties are classified as susceptible varieties due to disease severity of 64% but have a longer incubation period of anthracnose, higher number of tubers, higher fresh and dry weight of tubers and lower reduction in the number and weight of tubers.</p>

New national potato genotypes: yield response to different doses of 4-14-8 NPK fertilizer

ABSTRACT The fertilization of potato crops generally does not take into account the genotype, although genotypes may respond differently to fertilization. This study aimed to determine the yield of new potato genotypes (cultivar BRS Camila and clone CL 02-05), as well as the cultivar Ágata, submitted to four NPK 4-14-8 fertilizer doses (0, 2, 4 and 6 t ha-1) in the crop seasons of 2013/14 and 2014/15. We evaluated the total and marketable tuber yield, total and marketable tuber number, percentage of marketable tuber dry weight, average marketable tuber weight and plant growth period. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plot scheme, with fertilizer doses allocated as main plots and genotypes as subplots, with three replications. We did not observe significant interaction for any analyzed variable. The clone CL 02-05 showed higher total and marketable tuber yield compared to the other cultivars, mainly due to its higher production of tuber number. However, we observed a high amount of tubers not suited for commercialization from the clone CL 02-05. Cultivar BRS Camila produced fewer marketable tubers than cultivar Ágata in crop season 2014/15, but without difference in marketable yield. On the other hand, plants of cultivar BRS Camila had a longer growth period of 7 days and the tubers of this cultivar accumulated higher percentage of dry weight compared to cultivar Ágata. The new tested genotypes had yield response similar to cultivar Ágata when submitted to doses of 4-14-8 NPK fertilizer. Therefore, the fertilization management of these new genotypes may be similar to that used with cultivar Ágata.

Pengaruh Pemotongan Umbi Dan Pemberian Beberapa Dosis Pupuk Npk Majemuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascolanicum L.)

Implementation of good cultivation systems can improve onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tuber cuttings and the dose of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of onion. The experimental design was factorial randomized block design arranged consisting of two factors. The first factor was tuber cuttings which consists of without and with ¼ and 1/3 cut; the second one was dosage of NPK fertilizer which consists of without and with 200 kg/ha; 400 kg/ha; 600 kg/ha. There are 12 combinations of treatments, each of which is repeated three times. The results showed that there was no interaction effect between tuber cutting and NPK dosages on growth and yield of onion. independent effect of tuber cuttings and NPK dosages also didn’t inflence both parameter. Tuber cuttings only increase pant height at one and two weeks after planting. Overall, cutting-quarter of the tuber could induce better fresh weight and dry weight of tubers although statistically didn’t significant.