Dry Ration Research Articles

Analysis and trends in the organisation of military catering in different countries of the world

The state of nutrition of military personnel is one of the main features that determine the combat capability of the military contingent, especially in the context of russia's large-scale invasion of our country. The high physical and moral and psychological stresses faced by military personnel while performing combat missions lead, frst and foremost, to a signifcant increase in the body's need for essential substances, such as vitamins and minerals. In order to maintain a high level of combat capability, physical and emotional state of servicemen and to perform combat missions, it is necessary to provide personnel with adequate nutrition in the feld with a cut-off from supply bases. In accordance with the purpose of the work, the article provides a scientifc analysis and coverage of the current state of nutrition of the Armed Forces of Ukraine servicemen, compared to the armies of the world's leading countries, in accordance with the current legislative and regulatory documents. It is shown that Norm No. 10, which is used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine servicemen in the feld, contains canned meat and meat and vegetable products that are ready for consumption, and Norm No. 15 contains ready-to-eat dishes (biscuits, crackers, jam, honey, spices). In addition, an enhanced dry ration with dried fruit, dark chocolate, ready-to-eat meat and instant coffee was developed for servicemen directly involved in combat operations. The author has analysed the food supply of personnel in the armies of different countries of the world and considered the principles of their formation. It is found that the food rations for the military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine meet the current physiological standards in terms of energy value and are not inferior to those abroad, but the analysis of their composition showed the absence of dairy products, vegetables, fruits and dishes for vegetarians. To diversify the rations, it is proposed to use foods of increased nutritional value enriched with functional ingredients. Keywords: servicemen, army, rations, dry rations, food products, energy value.

IJCM_209A: Are the patients with tuberculosis beneficiaries of the social protection schemes of the government? An operational research from coastal Karnataka

Background: One of the components of Pillar 2 of the End TB strategy focuses on social protection and addressing the social determinants of TB. Objective: We assessed the proportion of patients with TB who were utilizing the various social protection schemes of the government. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four TUs of Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka State between September 2019 and January 2020. All public notified patients with TB who completed at least the intensive phase of TB treatment were included. A semi structured questionnaire was administered to the patients at their residence by the trained field worker in the Kannada and responses regarding utilization of key social protection schemes were recorded. Basic socio demographic and clinical details were obtained from the TB treatment card. Results: Of 174 patients, 46 percent were in the productive age group (15-44 years). More than two thirds were males. Around one-third were employed and about 55 percent belonged to urban areas. More than half of the patients belonged to below poverty line. Among the social protection schemes applicable to all the patients, 36.8% had received the first installment of cash transfer for nutritional supplementation and about 5% received nutritional supplements from local funding mechanisms. About 97% patients in the below poverty line or Antyodaya group had received dry ration from PDS. About 52% of the women in the reproductive age group were enrolled with ICDS; however, none availed the dry ration. Three fourths of patients utilized at least one social protection scheme. The timings of availability were not suitable for almost half of the patients to avail the benefits. Conclusion: The utilization of the existing social protection schemes was found to be suboptimal. The possible reasons need to be explored using qualitative research.

Probiotics in milk replacer affect the microbiome of the lung in neonatal dairy calves.

Probiotics have been investigated for their many health benefits and impact on the microbiota of the gut. Recent data have also supported a gut-lung axis regarding the bacterial populations (microbiomes) of the two locations; however, little research has been performed to determine the effects of oral probiotics on the microbiome of the bovine respiratory tract. We hypothesized that probiotic treatment would result in changes in the lung microbiome as measured in lung lavage fluid. Our overall goal was to characterize bacterial populations in the lungs of calves fed probiotics in milk replacer and dry rations from birth to weaning. A group of 20 dairy calves was split into two treatment groups: probiotic (TRT; N = 10, milk replacer +5 g/d probiotics; Bovamine Dairy, Chr. Hansen, Inc., Milwaukee, WI) and control (CON; N = 10, milk replacer only). On day 0, birth weight was obtained, and calves were provided colostrum as per the dairy SOP. On day 2, probiotics were added to the milk replacer of the treated group and then included in their dry ration. Lung lavages were performed on day 52 on five random calves selected from each treatment group. DNA was extracted from lavage fluid, and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene hypervariable regions 1-3 were amplified by PCR and sequenced using next-generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) for the identification of the bacterial taxa present. Taxa were classified into both operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Overall, the evaluation of these samples revealed that the bacterial genera identified in the lung lavage samples of probiotic-fed calves as compared to the control calves were significantly different based on the OTU dataset (p < 0.05) and approached significance for the ASV dataset (p < 0.06). Additionally, when comparing the diversity of taxa in lung lavage samples to nasal and tonsil samples, taxa diversity of lung samples was significantly lower (p < 0.05). In conclusion, analysis of the respiratory microbiome in lung lavage samples after probiotic treatment provides insight into the distribution of bacterial populations in response to oral probiotics and demonstrates that oral probiotics affect more than the gut microbiome.

The Effect of Probiotics in a Milk Replacer on Leukocyte Differential Counts, Phenotype, and Function in Neonatal Dairy Calves.

Probiotics have been investigated for many health benefits; however, few studies have been performed to determine the effects of oral probiotics on peripheral blood and respiratory immune cells in cattle. Our objectives were to determine changes in health and growth status, differential blood cell counts and function, and blood and lung cell function using flow cytometry and PCR in dairy calves fed a milk replacer with (PRO, N = 10) or without (CON, N = 10) the addition of probiotics to the milk replacer and dry rations from birth to weaning. Performance and clinical scores were not different between the treatment groups. Treatment-by-day interactions for peripheral blood leukocyte populations differed in cell number and percentages. A greater percentage of leukocytes expressed the cell surface markers CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11b, and CD205 on d 21 in CON animals. Lung lavages were performed on five animals from each treatment group on d 52. There were no differences between treatment groups for the expression of cytokines and Toll-Like Receptors as measured using Polymerase Chain Reaction, possibly due to the small sample size. Oral probiotics appear to affect peripheral blood immune cells and function. Their effect on overall calf health remains to be determined.

Determinants of the Proper Functioning of School Canteens: Case of the Municipality of Athiémé

Many learners drop out of school because parents find it difficult to provide them with lunch or because of the long distances between their homes and the schools they attend. The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of the proper functioning of school canteens in the municipality of Athiémé. The collection of data was based on an important work of exploration made of literature review and interviews. The central model used is similar to multi-criteria analysis, but carried out by consulting the actors for the weightings: this is a property of the Delphi method. The data was collected from 341 actors including 121 households, 84 teachers, 74 members of the CGCSI, 47 schoolchildren and 15 administrative staff from school districts and educational regions. The results reveal the existence of a trilogy on which the proper functioning of canteens depends, namely: learners, cooks and dry rations of food. The involvement and strong participation of parents and members of the management committee are essential for the success of school canteens, all of which allow a substantial improvement in the meals offered to learners. The effectiveness of learners' daily subscriptions and accessibility to water are essential for the success of school canteens.

The development of technology and research of quality indicators of nachos from non-traditional raw materials

Currently, due to lifestyle changes, ready-made snacks are a popular and in-demand food product. The use of a large number of snacks leads to the development of a number of negative changes in human health. According to WHO, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are among the five most common diseases in the world. Most often these diseases affect children, preschool, school age and students. The reason for this may be, first of all, the uncontrolled use of «dry rations», that is, various types of snacks. But snacks can serve as a technological basis for designing innovative food products with excellent consumer characteristics (organoleptic and physico-chemical properties). Therefore, replacing the harmful component of snacks with balanced raw materials, a useful product is obtained. The article describes the technology of nachos obtained by changing the component of the recipe, and with the addition of unconventional raw materials. When preparing nachos, cottage cheese was used to increase its nutritional value. To check the quality indicators of raw materials and finished products, standard visual-sensory and laboratory research methods were used, the results of the studies were described in detail and recorded. To date, the most common fast food product as an alternative to chips has been offered Mexican nachos. Non-traditional raw materials and natural additives were included in the nachos recipe. As an unconventional raw material, cottage cheese was chosen as the main component according to the recipe. Cottage cheese, fat content 4.1%, was obtained from natural cow's milk by fermentation by thermophilic bacteria. The article presents a balanced nachos recipe. According to the calculated recipe, the nachos product was prepared. The organoleptic and qualitative indicators of raw materials and finished products are determined. According to the results of the studies, the lead content in nachos was 0.019 mg/kg, cadmium-0.003 mg/kg, manganese-0.051 mg/kg and iron-0.038 mg/kg. The results obtained comply with the requirements of regulatory documentation. At the same time, the protein content in the finished product was 9.6 g, fat 5 g, carbohydrates 40.9 g, total energy value-249.67 kcal. The results of the study actually showed that there are grounds to recommend nachos on the market as alternates for fast food products.

Rag-Pickers and Their Young Children During COVID-19: Exploring Issues in Parenting and Feasible Social Work Response.

Strict lockdown measures and the pandemic brought immense risks and misery to those already living on the margins of society before the COVID-19 crisis even hit the world. The present study was conducted with rag-pickers, one of the marginalized groups living in Jaipur city of India. The lives of these marginalized populations became more complicated during the pandemic. Due to movement restrictions during the lockdown, access to primary resources was further reduced - from water and sanitation to food, health, and employment, impacting the care and protection they could provide their young children. Rag-pickers, one of the most marginalized communities that face social stigma, struggled to cope with daily life challenges. Young children in such families suffered alongside their parents when the families could not continue their livelihood and lost all sources of income. This paper aims to deepen the understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on thenurturing care of children below eightyears of age living in Jaipur, India, accentuating the human rights violations they face right from birth. Many humanitarian relief measures poured in during the lockdown period distributing free food packets and dry rations to the marginalized families. COVID-19increased parenting challengesfor this community. Protection of these families during the ongoing pandemic as well as future pandemics must become a strategic imperative. The paper enumerates feasible social work responses to the issues rag-pickers and their childrenconfront.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLANS OF NUTRITION ON GROWTH, FEED EFFICIENCY, BLOOD METABOLITES AND RELATIVE ECONOMICS IN SAHIWAL HEIFERS

This trial was designed with the objectives to select best and economical feedingstrategies to accelerate growth pattern for reducing age at maturity in buffalo heifers. Twenty Sahiwalheifers (Age = 24 ± 2-month and wt. = 200 ± 30 kg) were divided into four equal groups(n-5) on thebasis completely randomized design, Control group (D) of heifers was fed on green fodder only and noration was offered while test diets were comprised on TMR based on wheat straw (A), fodder(B) andsilage(C) with crude protein 10-11 percent. Feed intake of each experimental animal were recordeddaily. Animals were weighed at the start of experiment and fortnightly thereafter. Animals of group Cgained higher body weight (averaged 580 grams daily) comparing with other groups while animals ofgroup (D)fed on fodder only yielded very poorly growth. Dry Matter Intakes of all groups were similarand there was no effect of treatment of different plans of diet fed to animals. Dry matter, Crude proteinand crude fiber digestibility values were higher in animals fed total mixed ration based on corn silageand dry ration as compared to those fed other diets. Blood urea nitrogen values were higher in group Afed on TMR wheat straw based diet while blood glucose values were higher in animals of group B andC fed corn silage or green fodder based diet as indicator for availability of nutrients for growth.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ НЕОБХІДНОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ БОЙОВИХ СУХИХ ПАЙКІВ І РАЦІОНІВ ХАРЧУВАННЯ ДЛЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СИЛ СЕКТОРУ БЕЗПЕКИ І ОБОРОНИ УКРАЇНИ

Analysis of daily dry products (MRE, norm 10) shows that the nutrient composition, biological, energy and physiological value of the MRE do not fully satisfy the needs of the serviceman’s body during adaptation to the conditions of service, while performing duties in crisis and conflict regions of the country in emergency cases as well as in extreme conditions due to insufficient content of full-fledged animal proteins, unbalanced ratio of essential amino acids, such as: methionine, lysine and tryptophan, fat acids, insufficient content of mono- and disaccharides, imbalance between proteins, fats and carbohydrates in daily ration, lack of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, deficiency of vitamins A, В2 and C. The energy content of actual ration doesn’t fully compensate for the real average daily energy expenditure of the personnel [8-10, 13], which is 3500-4000 kcal for ground troops. The heavy physical, moral and psychological burdens faced by military personnel while performing service and combat missions increase the body's need for nutrients. It is possible to overcome the deficiency of essential nutrients, micro- and macronutrients by increasing the range of products in the ration. According to the scientists, either one liter of milk or 10 kilograms of beef or three kilograms of carrots ensure the daily norm of calcium. 500 grams of meat or one kilogram of black bread grant daily norm of vitamin B needed for the body. A bucket of apples, or 2 kg of carrots or 5 lemons can provide the body with daily norm of vitamin C. It is clear that this is not expedient from an economic point of view and because of the issue of mass-dimensional indicators, which do not fully cover the needs of personnel in combat environment. Today, the daily set of dry rations (MRE) is mainly made up of canned products. It is mostly represented by animal proteins in the composition of meat and meat-vegetable preserves. We believe that in order to solve the stated problems, it is necessary to develop new dry rations (MREs) taking into account service burden, conduct an analysis of the chemical composition, and adjust the rations according to minerals and vitamins. This will contribute to increasing the resistance of the body of military personnel to intense physical and environmentally unfavorable burdens and will improve the level of their military and professional efficiency.

Сучасний стан та організація харчування військовослужбовців Збройних Сил України в умовах російської агресії проти України

Background. In order to ensure a high level of physical, cognitive, and emotional state of servicemen, to perform service and combat tasks, it is necessary to provide adequate nutrition for the personnel, to establish the logistics of the supply of food products in field conditions away from the supply bases. Aim: to analyze the requirements for the organization of nutrition for servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, including during the execution of combat missions. Materials and methods. information retrieval, content analysis, analysis of legislative and regulatory documents and scientific publications of ukrainian and foreign researchers. Results: Since the first days of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops, a mobile system of troop nutrition has been developed, in which an important place is occupied by the implementation of a new approach to food rationing based on the creation of rations that can provide military personnel with food that is as prepared as possible for consumption. The transition to the new food system in accordance with the Catalog allows us to organize high-quality nutrition for personnel using a variety of food groups and the possibility of individual adjustment to the conditions of stay and the tasks of the military unit. In the absence of cooking conditions, the military eat dry rations: general military rations (Norm № 10) or more advanced and balanced rations (Norm № 15). The variety of rations, their equipment, technological (retort packs) and tactical (flameless heaters) innovations are a significant step towards optimizing the nutrition of the military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Conclusions: Despite numerous innovations in the system of catering for military personnel, including during combat operations, constant nutritional monitoring is needed to adjust military rations to ensure that personnel of various specialties are provided with adequate nutrition.

НАПРЯМ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СКЛАДУ ПОВСЯКДЕННОГО НАБОРУ СУХИХ ПРОДУКТІВ ДЛЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ НА ОСНОВІ АНАЛОГІЧНИХ НАБОРІВ СУХИХ ПАЙКІВ АРМІЙ КРАЇН-ЧЛЕНІВ НАТО

The article is devoted to the issue of determining the direction improving the composition daily set of dry products for military personnel of the NSU on the basis similar sets of dry rations armies NATO member countries and the approved norms physiological needs military personnel in basic nutrients and energy. Comprehensive and uninterrupted support forces of the security and defense sector is considered one of the main factors in the successful conduct of hostilities. The importance of the food supply system is universally recognized, and in modern conditions it acquires even greater importance, since hostilities continue in the country and, unfortunately, quite often situations arise when it is impossible to provide personnel with full hot food. This, in turn, can reduce the quality performance of military and combat tasks. The procedure for organizing food supply for military personnel of the NSU is established by the Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs dated September 14, 2015 No. 1118 "Regulations on the Food Supply of the National Guard of Ukraine in Peacetime". This order determines that for the nutrition of personnel outside the permanent deployment points, in the event that it is not possible to prepare hot food from products according to the basic norm, the personnel is provided with a daily set of dry products (PNSP) or a daily field set of products (DPNP). This is norm No. 10 and norm No. 15, which are stipulated by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated March 29, 2002. No. 426. A study of the range of basic meals that are part of the PNSP and DPNP certainly indicates the benefit of a sufficiently large number of meals that a serviceman will be able to receive. However, it should also be noted that the increase in the number names of dishes occurs, firstly, due to only the change of the "meat component" (chicken, beef, pork) and secondly, the addition one name of a vegetable to the main dish, which almost does not change taste properties of the dish, for example: "wheat porridge with chicken and vegetables" and "wheat porridge with chicken, vegetables and sweet pepper". Such an approach cannot fully take into account: firstly, the best experience of providing food to military personnel of the leading NATO member countries; secondly, the norms of physiological needs of servicemen in basic food substances and energy.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ РЕЧОВОГО ТА ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ У СКЛАДІ КОМПЛЕКСУ БОЙОВОГО ЕКІПІРУВАННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the survey of the servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine, who directly perform combat tasks, regarding the compliance with real needs and the quality of items of tangible and food property as part of combat equipment, with which they were provided during the performance of assigned tasks. The survey and analysis of its results was conducted in order to prepare proposals for improving the complex of combat equipment of a serviceman in terms of material and food supply. According to the results of the analysis, it was established that, mainly, the material and food supply allows satisfying the needs for the effectiveness of the actions of military personnel, their security on the battlefield, and life activities when they are away from the points of permanent stay. At the same time, there were certain needs for making additions and changes to the structure of items of material support, defined by current regulations. They concern, mainly, those elements that are designed to ensure vital activities during a long stay in combat positions in difficult conditions. These needs are determined by the different dynamics of the development of the enemy's means of armed struggle and the combat equipment of servicemen. In addition, it is shown that there is a need to improve the quality of certain items of physical support, in particular combat uniforms. With regard to food supply during combat missions, respondents indicated the need to improve dry rations in a number of aspects and components. The article also proposes the distribution of items of physical support, which are needed at the moment but which are not provided for in the current regulations, according to the levels of their need for the purpose of additional study of proposals and efficiency of introduction to the regulations.

Mid-Day Meal Scheme amidst COVID-19 in India - A Review Based Analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic posed a crisis like situation in the health and education sector devastating lives of many, particularly children from poor families and putting their future heath on the verge of deterioration. It made hard for today’s man to get a healthy meal a day in pandemic induced economic shutdown. Mid-Day Meal Scheme is also promising a kind of food security to the children for whom it is quite hard to get their daily meals in the crisis. It is really important to determine the drivers and stressors deteriorating health and nutritional conditions since the pandemic is on high. Keeping these in notice, the present study was conducted to have a holistic view of the current condition of the operationalization of the Mid-Day Meal Scheme. It has been tried to know whether the current implementation of Mid-Day Meal Scheme is promising a healthy meal to the children since the operationalization has been changed in context of the COVID-19 scenario. Instead of hot cooked meal, food security allowances, and dry ration are supplied to the beneficiary children. The study was conducted to know that at how much level the beneficiaries actually receiving the benefits of the scheme currently. Some suggestions were also made at the end of the study to make the scheme more available and better in terms of its distribution of services to the beneficiary children.

Sustainable Primary Education in Andhra Pradesh During COVID-19

Sustainable development describes the simultaneous maintenance of balance between socio-economic development and environmental sustainability without jeopardizing the future generation's potential to serve their own needs. The main aim of this article is to analyze the sustainability attained by government schools in Andhra Pradesh by providing education to elementary pupils during COVID-19. The unexpected outbreak of the deadly virus COVID-19 wreaked havoc on educational systems, harming children's education. In response to the lockdown, all educational institutions were closed for an extended length of time and remained shuttered even today. According to the information gathered, the government of Andhra Pradesh took all necessary safety measures to ensure the accessibility of government elementary schools and to minimize primary school dropouts. They televised the online lessons to every class at periodic intervals on regional government channels for students. Pupils were given worksheets to exercise according to the curriculum aired on television. These worksheets were submitted for review to the concerned faculty by students' parents. The children were given dry rations monthly as part of the "Mid-Day-Meal" program, which offered healthy meals to address the students' food difficulties, food security, and access to schooling during the COVID-19 epidemic. This document serves as a resource for teachers, administrators, and government officials on how to deal with and avoid the trajectories that primary school pupils face in the future when confronted with difficult situations. Furthermore, the whole perspective provides a list of resources, recommendations, and strategies for ensuring the sustainability of the educational system during the pandemic

УВЕДЕННЯ ВЕГЕТАРІАНСЬКОГО РАЦІОНУ ДО ДОБОВОГО ПОЛЬОВОГО НАБОРУ ПРОДУКТІВ ДЛЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ НА ОСНОВІ ДОСВІДУ АРМІЙ КРАЇН-ЧЛЕНІВ НАТО

The introduction NATO standards into the components security and defense sector is one of the priority tasks for our country on the way to the Alliance. This topic remains relevant for more than one year. One of these standards is taking into account the specifics of military servicemenʼs diet, including vegetarian servicemen. There are a significant number of servicemen in National Guard of Ukraine units and other military formations who do not consume meat and animal products. The main reasons for this are: ethical views; theism and observance of certain fasts; various disorders of the body (restricted ability of the body to absorb lactose, periodic problems with digestion), etc. With the start of a full-scale war in 2022, Ukrainian volunteers covered the most diverse needs of the army. It was not an exception to meet the needs of some servicemen in National Guard of Ukraine and other military formations in vegetarian dry rations. Being a military serviceman, a person has certain limitations in the choice of food, since in many situations it depends on what exactly the state provides him with (the difficulty or complete lack of opportunities to buy food and prepare it independently plays a role). The introduction of additional ones to the existing dry rations, which can take into account these features, can solve this problem, in particular, in the absence of a "kitchen", namely in the areas of direct performance of tasks. The lack of plant-based meals causes many military personnel to abandon their ethical principles and, as a result, suffer health problems due to a forced and drastic change in diet after years of veganism. Thus, taking into account the experience of the worldʼs leading armies can fundamentally improve the organization of food supply in terms taking into account certain needs of military personnel. Also, it should be understood that the introduction of vegetable dry rations is not a change in the nutrition itself in the National Guard of Ukraine, but only its addition and expansion.

МЕТОДИКА ФОРМУВАННЯ РАЦІОНІВ ХАРЧУВАННЯ ДЛЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ З ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНИМИ ПОТРЕБАМИ

The issue of providing vegetarians and vegans with food is extremely problematic, since the basis of the diet of this type of nutrition is products of plant origin, and the necessary balance in the ration of all essential nutrients is achieved by using an assortment of products that are not inherent in other standards. It is important to compose a set of meal ready-to-eat in the ration in such a way as to harmoniously replace animal protein and eliminate the deficiency of other macro- and micronutrients. The wrong approach to the formation of vegetarian and vegan food rations can lead to the deterioration of the health of military personnel, and therefore to negative impact on the quality of the performance of combat tasks. There is a significant number of personnel serving in the Army with individual nutritional needs, but there are no rations provision standards for them. In this regard, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine plans to review the content of dry rations and individual rations so they correspond the standards of the armies of NATO countries, which take into account the peculiarities of the nutrition of soldiers. The method of forming options for dry rations for vegetarians and vegans lays in analyzing the experience of the world modern armies, researching the chemical composition of plant-based products, and selection of such kind of products to compose the rations account to the balanced nutrition formula requirements. Foods that contain dietary supplements with specific functional properties and a rich nutrient composition, high nutritional and biological value, are of great physiological importance in the nutrition of vegans and vegetarians (spirulina, mass for forming, baker's improver from plant raw materials, "Magnetofood", soy protein isolates). Scientists and technologists of Ukraine have developed recipes for bread, cookies, gingerbread, marmalade, marshmallows, energy bars, snacks, enriched with these dietary supplements and capable to adjust actual nutrition. The selection of the daily ration based on the physiological and hygienic assessment of its components is a distinctive feature of the proposed method. Unlike the existing methods, it takes into account the physiological needs of the body of military personnel with special nutritional needs. Thus, the development and introduction of vegan and vegetarian food standards is an improvement of the food supply of the security and defense agencies of Ukraine outside the permanent deployment points.

Clinical and pathological examination of mycotoxicosis as an associated risk factor for colic in equine

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on two Egyptian horse farms with most of horses were suffered from abdominal pain to describe the associations between the occurrence of mycotoxicosis and equine colic. The farms owner complain was an unexpected increase in number of colic cases and deaths among horses. The association between colic and risk factors (sex, type of food either dry or mixed with roughages and hematobiochemical parameters) was compared using independent sample T-test. The associations between possible prognostic indicators for colic caused by mycotoxicosis was estimated using logistic regression analysis model. The cumulative incidence, incidence rates for colic attacks, survival rate among diseased horses were additionally estimated. Our results showed that a total of 24 out of the 132 horses suffered from colic due to feeding of ration contaminated with high percent of mycotoxin including Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins and or fusarium mycotoxins. The total cumulative incidence of colic due to mycotoxicosis was 19.7%. The horses fed on dry rations had more chance of developing colic than horses fed on mixed rations (P < 0.05). The overall incidence rate of colic due to mycotoxicosis was estimated at 18 colic attack/1000 horse/month. The mortality rate of horses suffered from colic due to mycotoxicosis was estimated at 5.9% (5/85), while the case fatality rate was estimated at 25% (n = 5/20). Inconclusion, our results showed that mycotoxicosis are considered an important risks factor for colic cases development in equine practice.

A comparative study: Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam amrut ahar yojana and take home ration scheme, Armori block, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra

Background: Even after forty-five years of ICDS, nutrition, still, continues to be a major public health challenge in India. The impact of ICDS on child growth and development has been rather slow. The present study is a comparison of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam amruta ahar yojana and take home ration scheme.Methods: The study adapts a combination approach, i.e. qualitative and quantitative method. Qualitative method is used to study the perception of beneficiaries as well as the providers while quantitative method is conducted among 80 beneficiaries with an aim to identify the utilisation pattern of food and level of satisfaction with both the schemes.Results: A total of 80 pregnant women and lactating mothers participated in this study. This study used a questionnaire containing socio-demographic data and utilisation pattern of one-time square meal and dry ration; socio-demographic questions including concerned age group, their education, religion, employment status and income.Conclusions: The findings depict that the provision of amruta ahar is in demand compared to the dry ration of Take-Home Ration Scheme. According to the beneficiaries, amruta ahar yojana is more advantageous as it leads healthy eating practices which are essential during pregnancy and lactation.

Increase of Animal Products by Means of Complete Feed Provision

To increase the amount of animal products manufactured, it is required to meet the needs of animals not only in the energy and nutrients but also in the biologically active components improving the fodder productive effect (enzymic preparation, vitamins, microelements, etc.). In most cases the action of biologically active agents applied in live stock breeding is reduced to the activation or inhibition of one or another enzymatic process. Exogenous ferments, recommended today for the application in live stock breeding, are used in two ways. These are the fermentation of ration ingredients before animal feeding and their injection into the digestive tract as part of the ration (combined feed, premixes). Each of the considered methods has its advantages and drawbacks with the account of the enzyme preparations processability and properties. The complete feeding of dairy cows stipulates for the optimal intake of all necessary nutrients in the organism which promotes good health, normal reproduction and high performance. A significant reduction of energy deficiency for this period can be obtained by the ration addition with the fodders rich in concentrate energy, high quality grass chop and grass meal, tuberous roots, etc. The higher milk yield is, more energy a kilo of dry ration matter should contain. The article suggest a technology for obtaining fodder protein&vitamin concentrate for complete feeding of live stock animals.

Optimalisasi Performans Sapi Bali Melalui Pemberian Pakan Konsentrat dan Inseminasi Buatan di Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali

Research related to the optimization of cow performans is done through concentrate feed and reproduction technology. This research was conducted in 2018 in Musi Village, Gerokgak Sub-district, Buleleng Regency, Bali. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 feed treatments and used 7 pregnant cows as replicates. The treatment is carried out when the cows enters 7 months pregnancy. Treatments tested: P0 cows given forage + rice bran 1 kg /cow/day + Bio Cas 5 ml/cow/day (mating with males), P1 = P0 cows mated with Artificial Imsemination (IB), P2 cows given forage + concentrates 1 kg/cow/day + bio cas 5 ml/cow/day (mating with a male), and P3 = P2 cattle mated with IB. Parameters observed that the parent body weight, weight gain calf, calf birth weight, weaning weight, calving interval, dry matter intake and feed rations convertions ratio. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, if there are significant differences (P &lt;0.05), followed by LSD 5%. The results showed that cows given feed concentrates and mated with IB (P3) result in weight gain of 0.52 kg/calf/ day was significantly higher (P &lt;0.05) of P0 (0.40 kg/calf/day). Consumption of dry matter ration for P3 (2.59 kg) was significantly less (P &lt;0.05) than P0 (2.87 kg) and resulted in the highest weight gain causing P3 FCR value of 4.98 was significantly lower than P0. Calf birth weight of all treatments showed no significant difference (P&gt;0.05), but calf weight gain for P3 0.57 kg/calf/day was highest (P &lt;0.05) compared to treatments P0 and P1 so that weaning weight calves P3 to 121.43 kg was significantly higher (P &lt;0.05) than treatments P0 and P1. Estrus post partus for P3 is 2.87 months and calving interval is 12.36 months shorter than other treatments. This shows that the cows whose given concentrate feed mated through artificial insemination / males cattle produces the highest birth weight and calf weaning and short calving intervals.