Dry Land Use Research Articles

Dry Land Management Using Agroforestry Systems In Trenggalek Regency, East Java

Dryland management with an agroforestry system is essential and urgent. Currently, the existence of forests has experienced pressure on forest areas and forest resources, which threatens the integrity of forest areas due to the increase in land area, which is categorized as dry. This research aims to determine the size of ​​dry land and the dominant factors that drive the damage rate. This research aims to analyze agroforestry systems with cropping patterns on dry land. This research uses survey, analysis, and needs analysis methods of decent living. Results The agroforestry system used to develop critical land is a human effort to control its reciprocal relationship with natural resources, with the hope that expanding the use of dry land by implementing a directed and planned agroforestry system for the people can improve the economy of the people around the primary forest which is based on forest products. The development of dry land management with an agroforestry system in community forest areas as a result of reforestation and forest development project activities from an institutional aspect is also able to foster farmer innovation in increasing the productivity of their land, one of which is the success of building community forests as a group on marginal land.

Management and application of specific location food crop technologies based on ecoregional dry land in central Sulawesi (A Review)

To achieve food self-sufficiency and food independence, government has been implementing some programs. Those programs generally face two basic problems, namely: 1. A high conversion of paddy fields in to industries and housing area which are in line with the growth of population. 2. Global climate change which causes more frequently of drought and floods in both dry and lowland farming. Dry land is very extensive in Central Sulawesi which can be used as a new source of food production to reach food self sufficiency, while it has not been optimally utilized yet. Thus, Central Sulawesi Province has potency to become a food buffer region in Indonesia by optimizing the utilization of dry land along with the application of specific location technologies. Some technologies which could be simultaneously applied in dry land are high-yield varieties selection, improving cropping patterns, rotation of varieties, modification of cropping systems, and specific location fertilization. This article will discuss or review the results of research that have been carried out in dryland management, the use of adaptive superior varieties, and planting patterns that can significantly increase land productivity and farmer income. So comprehensive planning is needed to improve and optimize the use of dry land. To speed up technology in certain locations, a collaboration between local governments, especially extension services, research institutions and universities is needed to encourage the production and productivity of food crops in dry lands.

Long-term conversion of upland to paddy increased SOC content and N availability in a sand dune of Japan

Land use change driven by anthropogenic activities has greatly affected terrestrial C and N cycling; however, it remains unclear how dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) availability respond to long-term land use change in sand dunes. Here, we investigated the changes in SOC, total nitrogen (TN), and their aerobic and anaerobic decomposition or mineralization in a vinyl film paddy, compared with dry land use and management changes (LUMCs) (original upland, greenhouse, and agricultural forest (tree area)) in Shonai sand dunes, northeast Japan. The vinyl film paddy had been singly cultivated for 54 years. Soil samples were collected from five soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50 cm) to compare the effects of depth and LUMC among the four treatments. The C decomposition (Dec-C) was assessed as the aerobic CO2 production and anaerobic methane and CO2 productions. Meanwhile, N mineralization (Min-N) was determined as aerobic NH4+ and NO3– production and anaerobic NH4+ production. The results showed that the vinyl film paddy increased SOC and TN contents, Dec-C and Min-N than upland and greenhouses at 0–30 cm depth but lower levels than the tree area at all depths. The arithmetic mean for all depths showed the aerobic Dec-C in the paddy (216.0 mg kg−1) was higher than the corresponding anaerobic Dec-C (192.8 mg kg−1). Conversely, the aerobic Min-N (35.9 mg kg−1) was lower than the anaerobic Min-N (75.7 mg kg−1). There were significantly positive correlations among SOC, TN, aerobic and anaerobic Dec-C and Min-N, whereas the paddy had steeper slope than other three LUMCs. Conclusively, our results indicated that long-term conversion of upland to vinyl film paddy increased SOC and TN accumulation and N availability (Min-N) in Shonai sand dunes, which can be applied as an effective agricultural practice to improve fertility of coastal sandy soils.

Hubungan Korelasi di antara Potensi C Biomassa dengan Indeks Kualitas Tanah Pada Berbagai Tipe Penggunaan Lahan Kering di Kabupaten Aceh Besar

Various characteristics of land use and plant canopy density will result in different soil physical qualities and groundwater transfer capacities, affecting groundwater reserves, drainage, runoff, and erosion, as well as agricultural output. Naharuddin, 2018; Risamasu and Marlissa, 2020; Naharuddin et al., 2020). This study aims to determine the correlation between the C potential of biomass and the soil quality index (IKT) on various types of dry land use in Aceh Besar district. This research was carried out on a unit of land in a dry area in Aceh Besar district with a study area of 239,439.63 ha. Analysis of biomass samples and soil samples was carried out at the Laboratory of Soil and Plant Sciences and Soil Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala. The partners of this community service activity are students of the Indonesian Polytechnic and students of the Agrotechnology study program at Iskandar Muda University. The relationship between potential C Biomass and soil quality index is in a strong correlation. It is hoped that all students of the Venezuelan Indonesian Polytechnic and students of Agrotechnology at Iskandar Muda University. be able to understand how to take samples of biomass and soil and be able to use the SPSS 24 program or Microsoft Excel to process the results of the correlation test. For further community service, other soil fertility parameters are also calculated which are related to the soil quality index for different regions.

Institutional Farmer Groups in Kauman Hamlet, Dadapayu Village, Semanu District, Gunungkidul

Most of the livelihoods of the residents of Kauman Hamlet are farmers. To improve the welfare of the community, it is necessary to manage cassava farming properly and intensively. One of them is the institutional strengthening of farmer groups. The problems faced by farmer groups have not been functioning optimally. Also there are still many dry fields and yards that have not been used properly. Community problems are solved by: (1) Counseling on the importance of organizational management, administrative management, and financial management of farmer groups. (2) Counseling on the use of dry land for cassava farming, and (3) Strengthening and empowering farmer groups. Activities that have been designed and planned at the time of observation have been carried out properly. Service activities a. counseling on the importance of organizational management, administrative management, and financial management of farmer groups. b. counseling on dry land use for cassava farming, and c. strengthening and empowering farmer groups followed enthusiastically by the community. The results of the activity evaluation show that the achievement level of the community service program reaches 70%. Based on the level of achievement, continuous assistance by the government and universities is needed for the functioning of farmer groups

Institutional Farmer Groups in Pokdadap Hamlet, Dadapayu Village, Semanu District, Gunungkidul

many dry fields and yards that have not been used properly. Community problems are resolved by: (1) Counseling on the importance of organizational management, administrative management, and financial management of Farmer Groups. (2) Counseling on the use of moor land for cassava farming, and (3) Strengthening and empowering Farmer Groups. Activities that have been designed and planned at the time of observation have been carried out properly. Service activities a. counseling on the importance of organizational management, administrative management, and financial management of Farmer Groups. b. counseling on dry land use for cassava farming, and c. strengthening and empowering Farmer Groups followed enthusiastically by the community. The results of the activity evaluation show that the achievement level of the community service program reaches 75%. Based on the level of achievement, continuous assistance by the government and universities is needed for the functioning of Farmer Groups.

MORFOLOGI DAN KLASIFIKASI TANAH PADA FORMASI WATURANDA DENGAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN HUTAN DAN TEGALAN DI DESA LEBAKWANGI, BANJARNEGARA, JAWA TENGAH

Soil develops from the rocks of the Waturanda Formation in Lebakwangi Village is from sedimentary tertiary volcanic activity. The purpose of this study was to identify the soil morphology and soil classification in the Waturanda Formation with forest and dry land use according to the Soil Taxonomy 2014, World Reference Base 2015, and National Soil Classification 2016. The soil profile from the topsoil to subsoil under the forest land use was dominated by clay texture (49.04%-56.46%), with particle density 1.20-1.24 g cm-3, bulk density 1.64-1.82 g cm-3, pH (H2O) 4.05-4.68, pH (KCl) 3.42-3.55, organic C 1.47-2.29%, CEC 13.05-19.60 cmol(+) kg-1, and saturation base 24.35%-73.70%. Similarly, the soil profile under the dryland use was dominated by clay texture (37.06%-62.60%), with particle density 1.10-1.20 g cm-3, bulk density 1.58-1.75 g cm-3, pH (H2O) 4.32-4.54, pH (KCl) 3.49-3.65, organic C 0.96-1.66%, CEC 19.95-25.81 cmol(+) kg-1, and saturation base 58.35%-95.43%. Both soil profiles have an udic humidity regime and isohyperthermic soil temperature regime. Soil classification according to Soil Taxonomy, WRB, and NSC for forest land is Humic Eutrudepts, Clayic Haplic Luvisols, and Eutrict Cambisols, while for dryland use is Pachic Hapludolls, Clayic Haplic Luvisols, and Haplic Molisols.

Pengaruh Pemberian Vermikompos dan Pupuk KNO3 terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.) pada Lahan Kering

The use of dry land for shallot cultivation in Indonesia is still not optimal because it is considered as land that has no good potential for crop cultivation. Dry land problems include limited availability of water, low organic matter and soil nutrients, especially potassium. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the response of vermicompost and KNO3 fertilizer to the growth and yield of shallots on dry land. The experimental design used a factorial randomized block design, doses of vermicompost (5 tons/ha, 10 to/ha, and 15 tons/ha) and KNO3 fertilizer doses (0 kg/ha, 114 kg/ha, and 228 kg/ha). Parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves per hill, number of tubers per hill, tuber diameter, weight of fresh tubers per hill, weight of stored dry tubers per hill, and tuber moisture content. The results showed that the interaction between the application of 10 tons/ha of vermicompost and 114 kg/ha of KNO3 fertilizer had a significant effect on the parameters of fresh tuber weight per clump and dry tuber weight stored per clump. The single treatment of vermicompost at a dose of 15 tons/ha had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves per hill, fresh tuber weight per hill, and dry tuber weight stored per hill. Single treatment with KNO3 fertilizer dose of 228 kg/ha had a significant effect on the weight of fresh tubers per clump and the weight of stored dry tubers per clump.

Pemetaan Tingkat Bahaya Erosi dengan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Drone di DTA Cipaheut Sub DAS Cikapundung Hulu

Technology in the field of mapping is constantly evolving to provide convenience for human work. One of the innovations that are developing in today’s modern era is drone or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Erosion mapping and erosion measurements are carried out to determine the potential risk of erosion in certain areas. The erosion risk map shows the distribution of erosion hazard levels in an area. The objective of this research is to determine erosion prediction and erosion hazard levels spatially based on USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) method using drone. The used of UAV for collecting data to generate soil erosion risk map at detail scale based on USLE method is relatively infrequently done in Indonesia. The research was conducted in Cipaheut Watershed, Cikapundung Hulu Sub-watershed, Cimenyan, Cimenyan, Bandung Regency, West Java. The results of the study show that the role of drone is very helpful in mapping general conditions and land use spatially. In addition, drones are able to provide actual data sources to identify the physical factors needed in the USLE method of erosion calculations such as LS, C and P factors. Erosion prediction and erosion hazard levels can be calculated using data acquired from drones. There are 8 SPLs with a total land area of ​​225.10 Ha. SPL 5 with the use of dry land and steep slope have the highest erosion prediction values ​​of 703.1207 tons/ha/year and an erosion hazard index of 87.8901 tons/ha/year with a very high level of erosion hazard.

Aplikasi Penginderaan Jauh dan SIG Pemetaan Pengunaan Lahan dan Sistem Informasi Lahan Pertanian (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Nagekeo, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur)

Remote sensing technology combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide and produce data and information quickly, precisely, and accurately, so that the latest land use can be known. This study aims to determine the level of accuracy of satellite imagery interpretation, make existing land use maps, and provide agricultural land information systems in Nagekeo Regency. The research method used is an explorative method. The stages of the research consisted of identifying satellite images, field surveys, reinterpreting land use maps, and creating agricultural land information systems. The results showed that the level of accuracy of interpretation of satellite imagery for land use in Nagekeo Regency was 97%. The widest use of paddy fields is in Aesesa Subdistrict with 5080 ha, the widest use of dry land is in Nangaroro Subdistrict with 2062 ha, the widest use of mixed garden land is in Boawae Subdistrict with 7062 ha and the widest use of garden land is in Mauponggo Subdistrict 2800 ha. Information on paddy fields contains information on land area, land status, farmer's name, farmer's address, farmer's age, cropping pattern, and yield sharing system. The total land ownership of the owner's land was 2417.77 ha with a total of 2798 plot units, 1102.7 ha of sharecroppers' land with a total of 1240 plot units, and pawning farmer's land area of 233.99 ha with a total of 331 plot units.

IDENTIFICATION OF CHANGES IN LAND USE IN THE KALASAN DISTRICT WITH A SPATIAL APPROACH

Abstract - Land use change is the change from the previous land use function to another function, one of which is the change from agricultural land to non-agricultural land. Land use change in Kapanewon Kalasan is driven by various community activities. This is due to the rapid population growth and the location of Kapanewong Kalasan, which is the center of crowds near Yogyakarta city. It is in Central Java and is traversed by the Yogyakarta-Surakarta road. The purpose of the study on land use change in Kapanewon Kalasan by spatial approach is to (1) identify land use change from 2010 to 2020, and (2) identify land use change based on the type of spatial approach for a specific time. The research method is a quantitative method by used spatial process analysis with the overlay technique on ArcGIS ArcGIS. The findings show that over the past decade, Kapanewon Kalasan land use increased by 78.1%, land use designated for dry farming increased by 23.1%, paddy field use increased by 90.5%. Overlay results show that many agricultural drylands are being converted to paddy fields and residential areas, thus the increase in agricultural dryland use is small. Keywords: Land use change, Spatial approach, Spatial process analysis, ArcGis, Overlays

Correlation between Soil Carbon Potential and Soil Quality Index in Various Types of Dry Land Use in Aceh Besar District

Soil quality is a useful concept when assessing the sustainability of an agricultural business and demonstrating the ability of soil to maintain plant and animal productivity, improve water and air quality, and protect human health. SQI is a soil variable with the following characteristics: 1) well correlated with ecosystem processes; 2) integration of physical, chemical, and biological soil properties; 3) good sensitivity to human-induced soil changes; 4) simple measurement and interpretation; and 5) Reproducibility Soil quality index (SQI) is a diagnostic procedure to evaluate soil function and overall health. This research was carried out on a unit of land in a dry area in Aceh Besar District with a study area of 239,439.63 ha. Analysis of biomass samples and soil samples was carried out at the Laboratory of Soil and Plant Sciences and Soil Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala. The tools used in this study include a set of computers with the Microsoft Windows 10 operating system that are equipped with several software for analysis, writing instruments, and other supporting tools. The main materials used in this study were soil samples, tree diameter measurement data, and land use maps, including geology, climate, slope class, soil, and topography. The results of the correlation analysis test showed a value of 0.6358. This shows that the relationship between soil C potential and soil quality index is a strong correlation. The distribution of carbon in the soil also has a close relationship with the soil quality index and is an effort to maintain carbon stocks in the soil. C - organic content is a very important parameter in compiling soil quality index criteria. Soil quality can be affected by many factors, such as parent material, environmental factors, land use type, and human activities. The percentage of soil organic C is an indicator of the percentage of soil organic matter (BOT), and BOT is able to improve soil structure and aggregates. Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration is closely related to soil quality and vegetation productivity. This relationship occurs because of the many contributions of soil carbon to soil properties such as the improvement of soil structure and water retention, provision of cation exchange capacity, and supply of plant nutrients through mineralization. This effect is especially important in small-scale tropical farming systems where the use of external inputs is often limited, and SOC concentrations have been positively correlated with yield levels for a variety of tropical soils.

Optimal organization of dry lands in case study of Uzbekistan

The article showed that the internal land development projects, which include the organization of the territory, along with other measures, will give certain positive results in the rational organization of the use of dry land. Land planning projects developed based on land assessment data create an opportunity to optimize areas of arid lands and crops and justify the economic and technical-organizational aspects of the effective organization of agricultural production in these areas. The results of the conducted scientific research confirmed that in organizing the use of dry arable land in the plain region, first, it is of great importance to search for water sources in these areas, including the study of underground water sources and to positively solve the issues of water extraction by digging artesian wells. Using the data of soil monitoring in dry areas, the soil's natural fertility, its production characteristics, and the possibilities of its use in agriculture were considered to organize the agriculture of the region. Special agrotechnology for soils in dry areas was proposed. In this case, the use of secondary resources available in the republic (low-grade phosphorite, non-traditional agro-ores, various wastes) in field conditions on low-productivity lands (credit score below 40); it was recommended to obtain new organ mineral fertilizers by applying biotechnological methods on farmlands. Organ mineral fertilizers are prepared by composting based on manure and low-grade coal phosphorites in a ratio of 9:1 for 4 months. Other organ mineral fertilizers are made because of Angren low-grade coal and Central Kyzyl-Kum phosphorite flour. These fertilizers have been tested in farm conditions. The use of the proposed technology is resource efficient and solves environmental problems. When applying this technology, soil fertility is restored and improved, the amount of organic matter and organic matter in it increases year by year, the cost of mineral fertilizers is 30-40% and more, and the cost of organic fertilizer is 3-4 times allows to reduce. According to the research results, an additional harvest of 10-12 s/h was obtained from winter wheat.

Chemical Characteristics of Exchangeable Al, Fe, Mn, and Inorganic P Fraction Ultisols at Forest, Dry Land and Rice Fields Land Use in Jasinga, Indonesia

Different land use at the study site such as forest, dry land and rice fields originating from the same soil type, affects the presence of various phosphorus (P) fractions in the soil profile. The purpose of this study was to study the chemical characteristics of Al, Fe, Mn, exchangeable and inorganic P fractions of the soil on the Ultisol soil profile using forest, dry land and rice fields in Jasinga. Soil samples were taken on three horizons (Ao or Ap, AB and B) at profiles of forest soil and dry land, while in paddy fields taken at a depth of 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm from the ground surface. The chemical properties of the soil analyzed were soil pH, C-organic, exchangeable-Al, exchangeable-Fe, exchangeable-Mn and P fractionation. The results showed that the soil in the study site had a cleavage texture with a pH range of very acidic to slightly acidic. The highest exchangeable-Al levels were found in forest land at 433 ppm, the highest exchangeable-Fe was in rice fields at 0.019 ppm and the highest exchangeable-Mn was in dry land use at 0.063 ppm. The significant correlation of the (Ca, Mg)-P fraction with soil pH of selected chemical properties on dry land showed that this fraction would increase with increasing pH and vice versa would decrease with increasing exchangeable-Al and exchangeable-Mn.

The effects of teak shades at different ages on early growth of 3 tuber species in Semin Village, Gunung Kidul

The government’s efforts in maintaining the food security includes developing alternative food sources, developing local food crops and improving the use of dry land for food crops cultivation. Planting tubers are common in private forest lands, such as in Semin Village, where arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) can live under teak (Tectona grandis L.) stands. Based on this, a trial was conducted on planting three species of tubers, namely arrowroot/garut, canna/ganyong (Canna discolor Lindl.), and yam/gembili (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk.) under teak stands. In mixed cropping patterns, there are limitations in obtaining light and nutrient sources for the plants underneath. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the morphological adaptation of three species of tubers, especially under the shade of teak, at different ages. The research design was completely randomized (CRD), while data analysis used two-way Anova. The results showed that the difference in relative light intensity (RLI) at eight weeks after planting had a significant effect on the height, the number of shoots or stems, and the number of leaves of the tested tubers. The size of the plant and the diameter of the stem showed the highest average under the shade of seven years teak stand, the contrary, the highest number of shoots or stems found in the open areas.

Comparison of carbon content in soil and biomass in various types of sub-optimal dryland use in Aceh Besar, Indonesia

This study was conducted to compare the content of carbon in soil and in biomass vegetation in various types of sub-optimal dryland in Aceh Besar district, Indonesia. Soil samples were collected from seven soil depths from 0 to 100 cm under 12 land uses including primary forest, secondary forest, pine forest, Eucalyptus forests, teak forest, forest shrubs, shrublands, and grasslands, mixed gardens, moorlands, rainfed rice fields, and bare lands. The measurement of plant biomass is differentiated according to the type of vegetation based on the BSN (2020) procedure [1]. The biomass of vegetations used allometric equations. The results of the study showed that the C content of the soil at a depth of 0-30 cm was higher than the C content at 30-100 cm. Carbon soil potential at the depth of 0-100 cm and biomass carbon contents in the sub-optimal dryland of Aceh Besar varies greatly between land-use types. The primary forest has the highest potential for soil carbon and biomass carbon compared to other land-use types. Soil and biomass C potentials in the primary forest were 332.28 ± 28.75 t ha-1 and 241.71 ± 24.46 t ha-1 (70.4%), respectively, with soil C stock of 25,103.68 Gg. The lowest soil C potential was found in bare land, namely 57.54±5.87 t ha-1 with a biomass C potential of 0.53 ±0.06 t ha-1, while the lowest soil C stock was found in the teak forest, which was 4.83 Gg. There is a positive correlation between soil C stock and biomass C content. The ratio of soil C and biomass C in the sub-optimal dryland of Aceh Besar varied from 0.01 to 1.57.

The Effect pf Source of Organic Materials and Application Time on Growth and Yield of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) in Dry Land

Beetroot ( Beta vulgaris L.) is a horticultural plant that has many benefits that lie in tubers. Red beets are widely planted in highland areas with loose soil conditions. Currently, the expansion of land for food crops is experiencing problems due to limited productive land. The use of dry land as agricultural land has the main obstacles, namely low soil fertility, low organic matter content, and generally clay and dust-dominated soil. The application of organic matter needs to be added aiming to improve the physical properties of the soil, especially soil texture so that the soil becomes loose so that it does not hinder the tuber development process. The research was carried out from April 2020 to August 2020 at the Agro-Techno Park (ATP) Jatikerto garden. The study used a split-plot design with organic material sources as the main plot, namely B1: goat manure, B2: Azolla compost, B3: UB compost, and the time of application as subplots, namely T1: simultaneously planting, T2: 1 month before planting, and T3 : 2 months before planting. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance (Test F), if there was an influence between treatments, further tests were carried out using the Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) test. The results showed that the use of UB compost was better applied 1 month before planting because it produced high tuber weight per harvest plot and was more profitable. Based on the results of farming analysis, the use of UB compost with an application time of 1 month before planting is feasible to cultivate with an R/C reaching 3.67.

Analysis of Soil Quality Index type of land use on dry land in Blang Bintang sub-district, Aceh Besar Regency

This study aimed at examining the analysis of the soil quality index of dry land use on dry land in Blang Bintang District, Aceh Besar District. This research was conducted using a descriptive method based on the results of surveys and field observations as well as laboratory analysis. General biophysical conditions of the area and physical and chemical characteristics of the soil obtained from observations and indicators of soil quality through soil analysis in the laboratory. Soil sampling points were determined using the purposive sampling method, namely the points that have been determined on selected dry land in Blang Bintang District, Regency of Aceh Besar. The moderate soil quality index in the upland land use type is one of the reasons for the sampling of the Inceptisol soil type in the Blang Bintang sub-district, which has less fertile soil characteristics. Upland land use is the percentage of sand (57%) which is greater than the percentage of dust (36%) and clay (6%). This can be seen in the low content of C-organic (1.19), H2O, K-dd, P-available and N-total and high volume weight (1.34).

Evaluating potential impacts of land use changes on water supply–demand under multiple development scenarios in dryland region

Water scarcity greatly hinders sustainable development goal agenda and regional agriculture development in dryland regions. As we know, land use and cover changes are strongly responsible for spatial–temporal evolutions of water resource. However, there is little explicit understanding of how spatial patterns of future dryland use will affect the water supply–demand risk. To answer this question, this study took Yulin city of China, a typical dryland region, as a case study area, and firstly estimated its 2020–2050 land use patterns under three different scenarios, covering Natural Increased Scenario (NIS), Food Security Scenario (FSS) and Economic Development Scenario (EDS), with the help of the path-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model as well as Markov-chain model. Furthermore, this study employed InVEST model to explicitly investigate spatial–temporal evolutions of water supply, water demand and water supply–demand risk in all scenarios. The estimated results indicated that the largest expanding/shrinking land use types were grasslands/croplands in NIS, croplands/grasslands in FSS and built-up lands/croplands in EDS during 2020–2050, respectively. By 2050, all projected land use changes only slightly affected regional water supply (the fluctuation of ∼ 5% compared to that in 2020), but greatly increased by ∼ 57% regional water demand. Particularly, strong land use changes would likely put nearly 90% regions of Yulin city at endangered water supply–demand risk in 2020–2050. Ecological land and built-up land would easier suffer from critically endangered water supply–demand risk. In view of these modeled and analyzed results, some potential mitigation strategies of water resource utilization, such as developing water-efficient eco-agriculture, adjusting agricultural structures and enriching revegetation diversity, were suggested to coordinate future areal human-nature relationships. This study could provide some valuable information for dryland agricultural development, water-environment management and regional policy decision-making.

Analysis of Successful Farming of Sweet Potato, Corn and Chili in Dry Land, Madiun Regency, Indonesia

Optimal use of dry land is very important to get serious attention because in general dry land has lower productivity than a wetland. This study aims to analyze farming on dry land with the application of successive model cultivation. The research was carried out from March 2021 - June 2021. The study was carried out by collecting primary data from surveys/interviews, and questionnaire. Secondary data was obtained by literature review and information from related agencies. Farming business analysis uses an input-output economic approach with the B/C Ratio method. The results showed that the successive planting model showed high efficiency. The input cost for successive cultivation during the growing season is Rp. 30,187,500, and the income from the marketed production is Rp. 72,715,000.00. The economic analysis of successive farming in one period of planting cassava, corn and chili has a B/C Ratio value of 2.4, meaning that this business is feasible.