Dry Cleaning Research Articles

Dyeing Fabrics with a Colorant Extracted from Blue-Green Algae

Blue-green algae is an environmental problem; they reproduce rapidly and threaten aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, research on their use as a new energy resource is being actively conducted in various fields. This study was carried out to apply the natural dye from blue-green algae to the textile dyeing industry. Two methods were used to dye cotton and silk fabrics using blue phycocyanin dye extracted from blue-green algae. Six mordants were also tested in the process. The dyed fabrics were evaluated through dyeing depth and color fastness (washing, rubbing, dry cleaning, and light) tests. Phycocyanin dyed both fabrics blue and the dyeing effect was better on silk than on cotton fabric. In addition, Al, Sn, and Fe mordants were most effective for dyeing fabrics and co-mordants were more effective than pre-mordants.

Investigation on fastness properties of plated interlock knitted fabrics

A study was conducted on eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo and eri silk/micro denier polyester/tencel plated interlock knitted fabrics with disperse and reactive dyes and also to test the color fastness properties of these selected eri silk plated knitted fabrics. All dyed samples were subjected to wash fastness, light fastness, perspiration, rubbing; dry cleaning, chlorine and non chlorine bleach and hot pressing tests. Results indicated very good and excellent wash fastness to color change and color staining. The values showed that eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo and eri silk/micro denier polyester/tencel plated knitted fabrics were better in case of samples dyed with required disperse and reactive dyes. It can be concluded that the eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo and eri silk/micro denier polyester/tencel plated interlock fabrics have excellent color fastness properties.

A Study on the Role of Pre-Cleaning and a New Method to Strengthen Gate Oxide Quality.

Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) has been conventionally used for pre-cleaning processes. As the device size decreased, the gate oxide layer became thinner. As a result, the quality of the gate oxide was degraded by a pre-cleaning process, and oxide reliabilities and product yield were affected. In this study, we investigate whether the carbon generated on the silicon interface after the IPA drying process might have induced gate oxide breakdown. Time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) failure increased in frequency since carbon contaminations were increased in the oxide according to the amount of IPA. Organic contaminations resulted in a lower energy level, and electron tunneling occurred through the gate oxide. When an external electric field was applied, organic materials in the gate oxide layer were aligned, and a percolation path formed to cause breakdown. Finally, we suggest a new cleaning method using carbon-free O3 deionized (DI) water as a dry-cleaning method to improve oxide dielectric breakdown. An O3 DI dry cleaning process could reduce carbon particles in the oxide layer and decrease gate oxide failure by 7%.

Modeling Dehalogenase PceA to Evaluate Pollutant Organohalide Biodegradation

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous pollutants found in water and land environments. Environmental buildup of organohalides, such as perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE), used in dry cleaning, firefighting foams, and food packaging, pose an increasing public health risk due to their slow degradation. PFAS molecules are now observed in the blood of humans and animals across the world, and their full impact on health is yet to be determined. Studies of PFAS biodegradation have been reported within various microbial organisms. One reductive dehalogenase identified is PceA from Sulfurospirillium multivorans. The Summit Country Day School MSOE Center for Biomolecular Modeling MAPS team used 3D modeling and printing technology to investigate the active site of the reductive dehalogenase PceA. PceA is a homodimer with two independent active sites. Each active site contains a norpseudo‐B12, two 4Fe‐4S clusters as well as three highly conserved amino acids, Tyr246, Arg305, and Asn272. The short distances between the proximal iron‐sulfur cluster and the cobalt ion bound to the corrin ring of norpseudo‐B12 are thought to allow rapid electron transfer for catalysis. The invariant Tyr246 can donate a proton to neutralize the carbanion formed during catalysis. Deprotonated Tyr246 may be stabilized by the guanidinium side chain of Arg305. Additionally, the active sites have a hydrophobic pocket lined with bulky nonpolar amino acids Phe38, Trp56, Tyr102, Trp96, Tyr382 and Trp376. The tightly packed hydrophobic sidechains provide a gate for substrate selection. Understanding PFAS biodegradation and identifying additional reductive dehalogenases is urgent in addressing the pollution that faces our environment and critical in ensuring the health of humans and ecosystems.

Comparative study on laser cleaning SiO2 particle on SrTiO3 and Si surfaces

In this paper, we perform a comparative study, both experimentally and theoretically, on the dry laser cleaning SiO2 particles on the surface of SrTiO3 (STO) and Si single crystal substrates. Firstly, the dependences of the cleaning efficiency on the laser energy density, the pulse number, and the size of SiO2 particles was investigated experimentally. It is found that the laser cleaning threshold decreases with the increase of SiO2 particle size. Furthermore, for the same size of SiO2 particles, the laser cleaning threshold of the STO surface is larger than that of Si. Then, based on the analysis of the interactions among the light field, the particles, and the substrate material, a corrected thermal expansion model with a quantified field enhancement effect was proposed, which provides a good simulation of the dependence of the laser cleaning threshold on the particle size and the substrate. These results further deepen our understanding of the laser dry cleaning, particularly the cleaning process on the oxide surface.

Color Characteristics and Color Fastness of Nylon Fabrics Dyed Using Onion Shells and Coffee Sludge Waste

This study aim to pursue eco-friendly fabric dyeing using food and beverage industry waste. The nylon fabrics were dyed with a combination of onion shell and coffee sludge extracts. The color characteristics and color fastness of the combination-dyed nylon fabrics were analyzed by color difference according to the combination dyeing sequence and the mordant(aluminum and iron). results indicated that the nylon fabric color differed depending on the combination dyeing sequence It was observed that the fabric dyed first with onion shell extract and then with coffee sludge extract sequentially produced a bright yellow-red color, while the fabric dyed with coffee sludge extract first and then with onion shell extract yielded a dull yellow color. The color of the nylon fabrics dyed with onion shell extract first and followed by coffee sludge extract was slightly different depending on the mordant type. However, no difference was observed in the color of nylon fabrics dyed with coffee sludge extract first and then with onion shells according to the mordant type. The color fastness to washing, dry cleaning, perspiration, and rubbing of the combination-dyed nylon fabrics with the onion shell and coffee sludge extracts showed 4–5 grade, while the color fastness to light showed 1 or 1–2 grade.

Laundry, Dry Cleaning Services and Environmental Pollution: Waste Water Physical-Chemical Parameters in Kisumu City, Kenya

Laundry and dry cleaning practices are a global process that contributes to the length and life of apparel and textile products. However, this process results in waste waters that may have an adverse effect on the environment. To investigate this, this paper looks at the need to ensure sanitation and waste water management along the entire value chain in Kisumu City, Kenya, by determining the levels of waste water physical-chemical parameters disposed of laundry and dry cleaning practices in relation to environmental pollution. The conceptual framework borrowed ideas from the Expectation Disconfirmation Theory. Cross-sectional survey and experimental design were employed. Levels of waste water physical-chemical parameters from households and commercial laundry and dry cleaning outlets were collected and determined at Lake Victoria Environmental Management (LVEMP) Laboratory and at Safe Water and Aids Project (SWAP) Laboratory and further analyzed using SPSS. The study established that the levels of waste water chemical parameters disposed off from LDC services from both commercial and household LDC service providers had negative impact to the general environment and aquatic life. Keywords: Laundry and Dry Cleaning, Kisumu City, Environmental Pollution, Waste Water, Physical-Chemical Parameters, Sanitation DOI: 10.7176/JEES/12-4-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2022

Device for waterless cleaning of root crops

Existing devices for waterless cleaning do not provide essential quality due to low efficiency either because of significant tubers damage. Device for waterless cleaning of root crops is developed in Omsky SAU which relates to the agricultural machine-building industry in particular to devices for dry cleaning of tubers from the soil, grassy impurities and haulm before sale preparation as well as for feeding preparation in technological lines of feed mills. High quality cleaning from the soil is achieved by the spiral line of pile arrangement which provides the uniform movement of the processing material heap and prevents tubers unloading due to various pile length that increases the speed of tubers rotation and provides more frequent tuber surface contact with working tools due to spring-loaded bottom providing required compression degree of processing tubers to the brush roll at the expense of dust collector that allows to get rid of small impurities during the technological process and prevents from resetting on tuber surface. Usage of this device allows to reach high quality of cleaning under low degree of damage.

Design Modification and Fabrication of Eco-friendly Cleaning Machine

With the growth of technology, researchers are paying greater attention to automated floor cleaning devices in order to make mankind's existence more comfortable. The concept is gaining traction in developed countries, although it is still unpopular because to design complexity, machine costs, and power tariff running costs. A manual floor cleaning machine is proposed in this project. Early in the day, a floor is cleaned with a broom that is controlled by a human hand. This requires a continual movement of the human hand, which is exhausting and time demanding. The goal of this project is to provide a modernised procedure for wet and dry floor cleaning. This equipment is capable of cleaning floors in both dry and wet conditions. It also has a dust storage box. It was decided to create a prototype model that uses a DC drive powered rotary brush with pneumatic controlled dust shifting to assist users in removing waste and maintaining a clean and hygienic environment, thereby avoiding health inequalities and safety concerns for both workers and the general public.

Impact of Dry and Wet Cleaning on Structural, Mechanical and Protective Properties of Fabrics Designed for Electromagnetic Shield Application

Impact of Dry and Wet Cleaning on Structural, Mechanical and Protective Properties of Fabrics Designed for Electromagnetic Shield Application

Using Occupational Histories to Assess Heat Exposure in Undocumented Workers Receiving Emergent Renal Dialysis in Georgia.

Immigrants often work in jobs that are known as dirty, demanding, and dangerous. Globally, the agricultural occupations have been associated with the emergence of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) primarily in outdoor worker populations. The disease has also been reported in immigrants in the United States who work in agricultural occupations, but little research has been done outside of agricultural workers to determine whether immigrants who work other occupations are at risk for developing CKDu. This study assessed the self-reported occupational histories of undocumented immigrants receiving frequent, emergent-only dialysis in Atlanta, GA. We assessed demographics, employment status, and work history, using the Grady Dialysis Questionnaire and the Occupational/Environmental Health History Form. Fifty undocumented immigrants receiving frequent, emergent-only hemodialysis were recruited for this study. The average age was 49.5 years (SD ± 11.5), and the majority (52%) were female and originated from Mexico (66%). A majority (74%) reported having worked in the past 5 years and 28% reported currently working. A total of 68 unique jobs were reported. In decreasing order of frequency, our sample worked in occupations with documented renal toxicant exposures, such as applying pesticides in landscaping, heat exposure in agriculture, construction, landscaping, and dry cleaning, and lead paint fumes in construction. Occupational histories provide a greater understanding of the exposures and working conditions of those receiving frequent, emergent-only hemodialysis. This exploratory study suggests that further research is needed to investigate and assess whether renal toxicants are associated with occupations with high numbers of undocumented workers. A detailed and thorough occupational history should be conducted from those receiving frequent, emergent-only hemodialysis. Developing continuing education for nursing and medical staff in dialysis centers on taking an occupational history, mandatory State reporting requirements, and hazard communication training for workers should be considered. Collaborations between occupational health professionals, public health authorities, employers, dialysis providers, and clinicians who see undocumented workers is required to understand and develop appropriate prevention measures for this population.

БІЛОКАМ’ЯНА СКУЛЬПТУРА НЕПОРОЧНОГО ЗАЧАТТЯ ДІВИ МАРІЇ З СЕЛА ДОБРЯНИ ГОРОДОЦЬКОГО РАЙОНУ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МИСТЕЦЬКОЇ ПЛАСТИКИ ТА ПРОБЛЕМИ РЕСТАВРАЦІЇ

БІЛОКАМ’ЯНА СКУЛЬПТУРА НЕПОРОЧНОГО ЗАЧАТТЯ ДІВИ МАРІЇ З СЕЛА ДОБРЯНИ ГОРОДОЦЬКОГО РАЙОНУ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МИСТЕЦЬКОЇ ПЛАСТИКИ ТА ПРОБЛЕМИ РЕСТАВРАЦІЇ

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ БУХГАЛТЕРСЬКОГО ОБЛІКУ ВИТРАТ ТУРИСТИЧНОГО ТА ГОТЕЛЬНО-РЕСТОРАННОГО БІЗНЕСУ

The article identifies common and distinctive features in the areas of activity, composition and cost accounting of tourism and hotel and restaurant services. To this end, the study highlights and clarifies such economic categories as "travel agent costs", "tour operator costs", "hotel costs" and "restaurant costs", their classification and place in accounting, identified and justified choice of methods of accounting for travel and hotel and restaurant enterprises, considered correspondence of accounts, through which the accounting of costs of these enterprises, the conditions for the application of 8 or 9 class of the Chart of Accounts for these enterprises. Creation of the tour by the tour operator causes the occurrence of costs, which are accounted for in accounts 23 "Production", sub-account "Production of tourist services", 91 "General production costs", sub-account "General production costs of tourist services", 92 "Administrative costs", 93 "Sales costs" , 94 "Other operating expenses", 95 "Financial expenses", sub-account 903 "Cost of sold works and services", sub-account of the second order "Cost of sold tourist services". In accounting, the cost of hotel services is formed on account 23 "Production", from where it is debited to sub-account 903 "Cost of work performed and services". In this case, if the hotel has separate units (laundry, dry cleaning, storage room, etc.), the costs of their activities can be accounted for in separate sub-accounts opened for account 23. Accounting for other operating expenses of the hotel is on accounts 91, 92, 93, 94. The specificity of the restaurant business is that it has features of production, retail and services, which is not a characteristic feature of most businesses in other sectors of the economy. Among the problems associated with the accounting of the restaurant business, we can highlight the composition of costs, methods of accounting for certain types of costs (including the cost of salaries to waiters, depreciation and maintenance of trade equipment, advertising costs, rental costs, depreciation and amortization and maintenance of premises and dining room equipment and others).

Water Vapor Production by Solar Radiation in a Short Circuit Using a Compound Parabolic Trough Concentrator (CPC)

In this paper water vapor is directly generate in a short circuit by means of a compound parabolic trough concentrator (CPC) while optimizing the manufacturing costs of the solar device used. Direct steam generation has been widely studied, especially for high power systems. However, experimental applications for small solar field areas are rare, especially for concentrating solar technology. This research shows that it is possible to produce water vapor with a CPC for cooking, dry cleaning, maintenance and cleaning, etc. The different heat exchanges that took place in each compartment of the CPC were described. The heat transfer equations were solved by the Gauss-Seidel’s method. An advanced difference scheme is used for the storage terms and a decentered scheme for the transport terms. The numerical simulation has been implemented by matlab code. The different CPC parameters have been directly measure experimentally. The results show that for a CPC length L_c=1 meter and width l_c=50 centimeter, the theoretical temperatures of the water and the absorber can reach 125°C and 150°C respectively, while the experimental temperatures of the water and the absorber are 108°C and 112°C respectively. The temperature of the water vapor measured can reach 110°C. The mass of water vapor produced with this device is 0.110 Kg with a mass flow rate of 3x10^-6 Kg/s and a saturating vapor pressure of 1.05 bar. The theoretical thermal efficiency reached is 52% against an experimental value of 35% for a global solar radiation of 950 W/m² and an ambient temperature of 43°C at solar noon in April 2021. The CPC is designed to operate only during the day, and we are planning to add a heat storage system to our CPC for night use of the steam produced. In addition, instead of water, we can test the CPC's operation in the future with vegetable oils such as moringa oil.

A review of all aspects of dry coal cleaning methods and evaluation of widely used applications

A review of all aspects of dry coal cleaning methods and evaluation of widely used applications

Trash Sweep Medi-waste separator

Lately, robotized cleaners have taken huge thought in mechanical innovation ask about due to their reasonability in aiding individuals in floor cleaning applications at homes, lodgings, restaurants, working environments, facilities, studios, dispersion focuses and universities. In a general sense, mechanized cleaners have their cleaning functions like floor cleaning, dry vacuum cleaning and dust removal. A couple of things rely upon fundamental obstruction avoidance using sensors while few utilize laser planning strategy. Every spring-cleaning and working instrument of computerized base cleansers has its own focal points and blocks. For instance, robots exploiting optical maser planning are respectably faster, less dreary and imperativeness capable yet expensive, while obstacle avoiding based robots are monotonous and less essentialness viable on account of sporadic cleaning anyway less excessive. Multi-Nations are course back in collecting mechanical cleaners. Getting them from abroad extends their costs. The essential objective of this work is to offer a better response with limited available resources and cost. This work likewise centers around cleaning strategies in clinics through attractions strategy and isolating the waste in a less time efficient manner.

МЕТОДИ СУХОГО ОЧИЩЕННЯ ТВОРІВ ГРАФІКИ НА ПАПЕРОВІЙ ОСНОВІ

The purpose of the article is to define and systematize the main methods and tools for dry cleaning of graphic works made on paper and to facilitate the selection of the appropriate restoration technique, depending on the amount and type of surface contamination. This type of cleaning is one of the main processes of restoration and active conservation, as well as an important stage of preservation of works of art from museum, library, archive and private collections. The development and research of its toolkit is extremely necessary, as it has great potential and significance for further progress in the restoration and conservation industry of Ukraine. Currently, a wide range of methods and means of carrying out the cleaning process is not sufficiently covered in the scientific publications of our country and is only partially mentioned at conferences in the context of restoration reports. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the introduction of a comprehensive study of the main features of dry paper cleaning methods. A comparative analysis and description of the experience of practical application of various methods for the preservation of cultural heritage objects made on a paper basis was carried out. The main principles of laser operation and cleaning of paper with carbon dioxide are considered. The effect of these methods on paper and the paint layer and the expediency of their use is determined. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various methods and materials for mechanical cleaning of paper was carried out, in particular: the use of Japanese brushes and felt brushes (which are currently more often used by restorers of Ukraine), rubber crumb and erasers, microfiber, latex sponges, Wishab sponges and other cleaning agents.

Robotic dry cleaner for photovoltaic solar panels: an implemented design that evaluated in iraq's weather

Arabian desert areas are suffered from high mitigation in the produced photovoltaic (PV) power due to high dusty weather. This article presents a robotic cleaner that will significantly reduce the impact of dust on the installed PV systems in these areas. The proposed robotic cleaner is simple, low cost, standalone, self-powered, portable, and connected to the cloud. ESP32 used as a controller that manages the cleaning process and monitors its PV power production, the battery's state of charge, time of the day, and weather conditions. Thanks to the ESP32 features and its ability to connect to the cloud, as an internet of things (IoT), via the ThingSpeak website. All the electrical, mechanical, and electronic design aspects are presented and implemented in this article. The results show the effectiveness and performance enhancement due to periodic cleaning using the proposed robotic cleaner. The results also show that the total percentage of the monthly normalized accumulated losses for the two scheduled cleaning photovoltaic strings with a performance improvement of 15.54% for the weekly cleaned string (WCS) 83.04% for the never cleaned string (NCS) through the tested month.

Environment, food residue, and dry cleaning tool all influence the removal of food powders and allergenic residues from stainless steel surfaces

The aim of this study was to investigate how the properties of powered food (particle size and chemical composition), food contact surface (surface roughness), and the environment (ambient relative humidity) impact the efficacy of brushing and scraping in removing wheat flour and non-fat dry milk (NFDM) from stainless steel coupon surfaces. Scraping was significantly less effective than brushing in the removal of powder under all conditions. The number of brush passes (7 ± 2) required to remove NFDM at 0.81 aw was significantly greater than for samples at lower aw levels. Moreover, surface protein residues were still detected following brush removal of NFDM at 0.69 and 0.81 aw. Adhesion and cohesion in samples equilibrated at different relative humidity levels (i.e. different resulting aw) were measured using custom test cells to quantify shear force. Greater adhesion and cohesion were detected for NFDM at higher aw levels. Adhesion and cohesion of NFDM at 0.81 aw were determined to be 129 ± 60 N/m2 and 5418 ± 633 N/m2, respectively. In addition, the particle size of NFDM (75, 180 and 355 μm) and the interaction between particle size and surface roughness (Ra = 0.17 ± 0.09, 0.77 ± 0.12, 1.08 ± 0.37 and 2.05 ± 0.40 μm) had significant effects on residual ATP following brushing. However, surface roughness did not significantly affect cleaning outcomes under the tested conditions. Overall, these findings highlight the potential for allergenic residue retention after conventional dry cleaning using hand tools. By better understanding the baseline efficacy of conventional hand tools used in dry cleaning under different scenarios, more effective cleaning technologies can be developed.

Carbon dioxide snow cleaning of paper

The cleaning of particles from smooth and rough paper surfaces using a high-speed CO2 snow jet was investigated. The measurements included characterization of the jet properties, determination of the cleaning efficiency, and evaluation of any possible adverse effects. The method was compared with nitrogen jet cleaning and dry cleaning by commercial materials. The results showed that the CO2 snow jet is able to effectively remove particles from the paper surface and did not cause any observable degradation. The CO2 snow jet cleaning compared with the mechanical dry cleaning showed similar effectiveness without any adverse effects on the paper surface. It was proved that the CO2 snow technique is a suitable method for cleaning common types of paper materials.