Prescribing Research Articles

Adverse Drug Reactions and Prescription Patterns of Antiretroviral Drugs: A Longitudinal Observational Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western India.

Background In 2018, the World Health Organisation (WHO) released interim guidelines, advising a change of regimens to dolutegravir-based first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART), based on which, in 2021, the National Aids Control Organisation (NACO) updated its guidelines to include the tenofovir+ lamivudine + dolutegravir (TLD) regimen as a first line of therapy for all people living with HIV (PLHIV) and second- and third-line regimens to dolutegravir-based regimens. Considering this change of regimen, the adverse drug reaction (ADR) profiling and longitudinal prescription pattern of antiretroviral and concomitant medications in adult patients at the ART centre of a tertiary care hospital were assessed in this study. Methods Ninety-seven PLHIV out of all the patients who attended the ART centre from September 2021 to July 2022 were enrolled and followed up for six months. The ADRs that occurred during this period were collected along with details of prescription patterns and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Causality assessment for ADR was done using the World Health Organisation-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) scale. Results Seventy-eight percent (n=76 out of 97) of patients experienced at least one ADR, and 128 ADRs were seen in 97 patients. The most common ADRs were increased alkaline phosphatase (39.0%, n=128), dyslipidaemia (12.5%, n=128), and nephrotoxicity (10.1%, n=128). The drug most suspected of causing ADRs was dolutegravir (27.5%, n=342). The most common therapeutic regimen was TLD (71.2%, n=97). The most prescribed drug was lamivudine (30.6%, n=1183). The most prescribed concomitant medication was cotrimoxazole (15%, n=312). Conclusions Dolutegravir-based regimens have been implemented for PLHIV in a phased-out manner from previous non-dolutegravir-based ART regimens, which is in line with the recent NACO guidelines. However, it has also led to an increase in dolutegravir-associated ADRs like increased alkaline phosphatase, dyslipidaemia, and nephrotoxicity. Continuous monitoring of prescriptions and ADRs can add to our knowledge regarding their use and ADRs.

Proportion of Antipsychotics with CYP2D6 Pharmacogenetic (PGx) Associations Prescribed in an Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) Cohort: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Prescribing drugs for psychosis (antipsychotics) is challenging due to high rates of poor treatment outcomes, which are in part explained by an individual's genetics. Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing can help clinicians tailor the choice or dose of psychosis drugs to an individual's genetics, particularly psychosis drugs with known variable response due to CYP2D6 gene variants ('CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotics'). This study aims to investigate differences between demographic groups prescribed 'CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotics' and estimate the proportion of patients eligible for PGx testing based on current pharmacogenomics guidance. A cross-sectional study took place extracting data from 243 patients' medical records to explore psychosis drug prescribing, including drug transitions. Demographic data such as age, sex, ethnicity, and clinical sub-team were collected and summarised. Descriptive statistics explored the proportion of 'CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotic' prescribing and the nature of transitions. We used logistic regression analysis to investigate associations between demographic variables and prescription of 'CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotic' versus 'non-CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotic'. Two-thirds (164) of patients had been prescribed a 'CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotic' (aripiprazole, risperidone, haloperidol or zuclopenthixol). Over a fifth (23%) of patients would have met the suggested criteria for PGx testing, following two psychosis drug trials. There were no statistically significant differences between age, sex, or ethnicity in the likelihood of being prescribed a 'CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotic'. This study demonstrated high rates of prescribing 'CYP2D6-PGx-antipsychotics' in an EIP cohort, providing a rationale for further exploration of how PGx testing can be implemented in EIP services to personalise the prescribing of drugs for psychosis.

Short Term Outcomes and Treatment Intensity of Major Cardiovascular Emergencies During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany

There has been a decline in hospital admission rates in many countries since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Thereby, the patient selection differed from episodes before the pandemic. This study investigates changes in baseline characteristics as well as short term mortality and probability of receiving an invasive procedure while considering sex disparities. Claims data provided by Germany's second largest insurance fund, BARMER, were used. Patients without COVID-19 who were treated for ST segment elevation (STEMI) and non-elevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction, acute limb ischaemia (ALI), and stroke between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021 were included. Outcomes were compared separately for both sexes between the years before the pandemic (2018/2019) and during the pandemic (2020/2021). Propensity scores with exact matching were used to balance confounders including age, drug prescriptions in previous year, federal state, month of admission, domiciliary care, and the Elixhauser comorbidities. Short term mortality and probability of invasive procedures were determined using cumulative incidence functions and Cox regressions. The cohort consisted of 140 989 hospitalisations of 122 340 individual patients (48.3% females) with 102 960 matched cases. Baseline characteristics were similar between episodes in the unmatched cohort. Earlier discharge was observed for all strata except for males with ALI or STEMI, where the probability of early discharge was unchanged. The probability of receiving an invasive procedure was increased for both sexes with ALI, NSTEMI, and STEMI but not for stroke. The analyses suggested neither a statistically significant increase of in hospital mortality nor 30 day mortality since the pandemic started. There was no evidence for a direct or indirect impact of the pandemic on major short term hospital outcomes. While the probability of receiving an invasive procedure increased for STEMI, NSTEMI, and ALI, the overall short term mortality was unaffected for both sexes.

An Observational Study on Guideline Mediated Prescribing Pattern in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Introduction: Studies on prescribing patterns are useful investigative instruments for figuring out how drugs function in society. Examining the prescription pattern is a crucial part of gauging the ability of medical professionals to choose a medication that will benefit patients to the fullest. The current study goals were to evaluate, using accepted guidelines, the general medicine department's practice of prescribing in accordance with guidelines in a tertiary care hospital and to assess the inclusion of drugs from essential drug list patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Methodology: Hospital based prospective case observational study was conducted for a period of six months after obtaining the permission from institutional ethical committee. The data was collected and analysed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and necessary statistical testing like chi square test and pearson correlation were performed. Results and Discussion: Based on the study, the data of total 100 patients (n=100) were evaluated. Gender distribution of data shows high prevalence rate in males. The most commonly high susceptibility of disease age was found in 40-60 in males and females. The maximum number of patients were hospitalized for 6-7 days, hypertension was the most commonly found precipitating factor. Diuretics were prescribed maximum in the prescription. Out of 650 drugs the maximum number of drugs fall under the category of Anti-hypertensives. Most drugs are given through oral route. The American heart association (AHA) guidelines were assessed for drug prescription using IBM SPSS Statistics. It was depicted that most of the prescriptions were in compliance with the guidelines. Conclusion: The results of our study conclude that prescribing practices were satisfactory according to the American college of cardiology guidelines. Keywords: Prescribing pattern, Guidelines, Acute heart failure, Anti-hypertensives.

Machine learning-based algorithms applied to drug prescriptions and other healthcare services in the Sicilian claims database to identify acromegaly as a model for the earlier diagnosis of rare diseases

Acromegaly is a rare disease characterized by a diagnostic delay ranging from 5 to 10 years from the symptoms’ onset. The aim of this study was to develop and internally validate machine-learning algorithms to identify a combination of variables for the early diagnosis of acromegaly. This retrospective population-based study was conducted between 2011 and 2018 using data from the claims databases of Sicily Region, in Southern Italy. To identify combinations of potential predictors of acromegaly diagnosis, conditional and unconditional penalized multivariable logistic regression models and three machine learning algorithms (i.e., the Recursive Partitioning and Regression Tree, the Random Forest and the Support Vector Machine) were used, and their performance was evaluated. The random forest (RF) algorithm achieved the highest Area under the ROC Curve value of 0.83 (95% CI 0.79–0.87). The sensitivity in the test set, computed at the optimal threshold of predicted probabilities, ranged from 28% for the unconditional logistic regression model to 69% for the RF. Overall, the only diagnosis predictor selected by all five models and algorithms was the number of immunosuppressants-related pharmacy claims. The other predictors selected by at least two models were eventually combined in an unconditional logistic regression to develop a meta-score that achieved an acceptable discrimination accuracy (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI 0.66–0.75). Findings of this study showed that data-driven machine learning algorithms may play a role in supporting the early diagnosis of rare diseases such as acromegaly.

The Clinical Value of Pre-Diagnostic Thrombocytosis for the Detection of Lung Cancer in Primary Care.

Thrombocytosis is a risk marker for lung cancer in primary care. We investigated whether thrombocytosis presents pre-diagnostically for all the histological subtypes of lung cancer and its association with the stage at diagnosis. A matched cohort study used English electronic primary care data linked to the national cancer registry. Patients diagnosed with lung cancer aged ≥40 years with no prior history of malignancy were matched by age, sex, and general practice to five controls without lung cancer. Multivariable logistic regression models quantified the incidence of pre-diagnostic thrombocytosis and advanced-stage diagnoses, adjusting for COPD diagnosis, smoking status, and anti-platelet drug prescriptions. A total of 9504 cases were matched to 45,647 controls, consisting of 3260 (34%) adenocarcinomas (ADC), 2020 (21%) squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 70 (<1%) large-cell carcinomas (LCC), and 1089 (12%) small-cell lung cancers (SCLC). The patients with lung cancer were 8.9 (95% CI 8.0-9.9) times more likely to exhibit pre-diagnostic thrombocytosis than the controls. The odds ratios were highest for the comparison between SCC and ADC (1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.1). Thrombocytosis is associated with advanced-stage ADC and SCC but presented equally for early- and advanced-stage SCLC. Pre-diagnostic thrombocytosis may aid in the detection of all the histological subtypes in primary care.

The Reasons for the Low Uptake of New Antidiabetic Drugs with Cardiovascular Effects-A Family Doctor Perspective.

Chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), are difficult to manage because they demand continuous therapeutic review and monitoring. Beyond achieving the target HbA1c, new guidelines for the therapy of T2D have been introduced with the new groups of antidiabetics, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1ra) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-in). Despite new guidelines, clinical inertia, which can be caused by physicians, patients or the healthcare system, results in T2D not being effectively managed. This opinion paper explores the shift in T2D treatment, challenging assumptions and evidence-based recommendations, particularly for family physicians, considering the patient's overall situation in decision-making. We looked for the possible reasons for clinical inertia and the poor application of guidelines in the management of T2D. Guidelines for antidiabetic drugs should be more precise, providing case studies and clinical examples to define clinical contexts and contraindications. Knowledge communication can improve confidence and should include clear statements on areas of decision-making not supported by evidence. Precision medicine initiatives in diabetes aim to identify subcategories of T2D patients (including frail patients) using clustering techniques from data science applications, focusing on CV and poor treatment outcomes. Clear, unconditional recommendations for personalized T2D management may encourage drug prescription, especially for family physicians dealing with diverse patient contexts and clinical settings.

The Application of Knowledge-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems to Detect Antibiotic Allergy.

Prevention of drug allergies is important for patient safety. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of antibiotic allergy-checking clinical decision support system (CDSS), K-CDSTM. A retrospective chart review study was performed in 29 hospitals and antibiotic allergy alerts data were collected from May to August 2022. A total of 15,535 allergy alert cases from 1586 patients were reviewed. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were cephalosporins (48.5%), and there were more alerts of potential cross-reactivity between beta-lactam antibiotics than between antibiotics with the same ingredients or of the same class. Regarding allergy symptoms, dermatological disorders were the most common (38.8%), followed by gastrointestinal disorders (28.4%). The 714 cases (4.5%) of immune system disorders included 222 cases of anaphylaxis and 61 cases of severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Alerts for severe symptoms were reported in 6.4% of all cases. This study confirmed that K-CDS can effectively detect antibiotic allergies and prevent the prescription of potentially allergy-causing antibiotics among patients with a history of antibiotic allergies. If K-CDS is expanded to medical institutions nationwide in the future, it can prevent an increase in allergy recurrence related to drug prescriptions through cloud-based allergy detection CDSSs.

One-year prevalence of cluster headache, hemicrania continua, paroxysmal hemicrania and SUNCT in Norway: a population-based nationwide registry study

BackgroundThere is lack of population-based studies evaluating the prevalence of paroxysmal hemicrania, hemicrania continua and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the gender-specific 1-year prevalence of cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, hemicrania continua, and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks.MethodsA nationwide study was conducted from January 1 2022 and December 31 2022 by linking diagnostic codes from Norwegian Patient Registry and prescription of relevant drugs from Norwegian Prescription Database on an individual basis. The 1-year prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, hemicrania continua and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks are estimated based on the combination of diagnostic codes, prescription of drugs and corresponding reimbursement codes.ResultsAmong 4,316,747 individuals aged ≥ 18 years, the 1-year prevalence per 100,000 was 14.6 (95% CI 13.5–15.8) for cluster headache, 2.2 (95% CI 1.8–2.7) for hemicrania continua, 1.4 (95% CI 1.0–1.8) for paroxysmal hemicrania, and 1.2 (95% CI 0.8–1.4) for short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks. For all the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgies, cluster headache included, the prevalence was higher for women than men.ConclusionsIn this nationwide register-based study, we found a 1-year prevalence per 100,100 of 14.6 for cluster headache, 2.2 for hemicranias continua, 1.4 for paroxysmal hemicranias, and 1.2 for short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks. This is the first study reporting higher prevalence of cluster headache for women than men.

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Risk of Depression in South Korea

Depression is among the most common comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There is a lack of data regarding the association of RA seropositivity and biologic agents with depression risk among individuals with RA. To investigate the risk of depression following RA diagnosis among patients in South Korea. This retrospective cohort study included 38 487 patients with RA and a comparison group of 192 435 individuals matched 1:5 for age, sex, and index date. Data were from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Participants were enrolled from 2010 to 2017 and were followed up until 2019. Participants who had previously been diagnosed with depression or were diagnosed with depression within 1 year after the index date were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed in May 2023. Seropositive RA (SPRA) was defined with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes M05 and enrollment in the Korean Rare and Intractable Diseases program. Seronegative RA (SNRA) was defined with ICD-10 codes M06 (excluding M06.1 and M06.4) and a prescription of any disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for 270 days or more. Newly diagnosed depression (ICD-10 codes F32 or F33). The mean (SD) age of the total study population was 54.6 (12.1) years, and 163 926 individuals (71.0%) were female. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 4.1 (2.4-6.2) years, 27 063 participants (20 641 controls and 6422 with RA) developed depression. Participants with RA had a 1.66-fold higher risk of depression compared with controls (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.66 [95% CI, 1.61-1.71]). The SPRA group (aHR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.58-1.69]) and the SNRA group (aHR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.65-1.81]) were associated with an increased risk of depression compared with controls. Patients with RA who used biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs (aHR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.20-1.47]) had a lower risk of depression compared with patients with RA who did not use these medications (aHR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.64-1.74]). This nationwide cohort study found that both SPRA and SNRA were associated with a significantly higher risk of depression. These results suggest the importance of early screening and intervention for mental health in patients with RA.

(218) The Intimometer: A Brief Psychometric Self-Report Questionnaire

Abstract Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) or premature ejaculation (PE) can severely affect the quality of life and wellbeing of both couple members. Sexual health care providers, including andrologists and sexologists, should perceive ED/PE as a collaborative health issue for men and their sexual partners. Thus, this study was designed to better understand the contribution of sexual partners in the treatment of men with ED/PE. Objective We aimed to evaluate the advisability of female (or male, in the case of homosexual patient) partner involvement in the prescription of specific pharmacological therapies in ED/PE patients. Methods We developed a brief psychometric self-report questionnaire tool, Intimometer. This tool consists of two modules (patient and partner versions) for each sexual dysfunction (ED and PE). Each module has 6 items that evaluate the degree of comfort/discomfort about communication, sharing, and partner involvement during the process of drug prescription and intake. The tool can be administered during the first andrological visit to either a single individual (only patient version) or to both members of the couple. The single module can be administered in less than 3 minutes. Each item scores from 0 (extremely unlikely) to 4 (extremely likely), and the total score is computed by the sum of the modules’ items. The total score ranges from 0 to 24, with higher scores endorsing the partner's comfort during treatment of ED/PE. Also, color codes were assigned for responses, low scores (red light) and high scores (green light) or combination of single results (couple administration). Results We hypothesize one cut-off score to identify two categories of responses. A low score signifies that the patient feels uncomfortable sharing drug information, choice, and intake and the involvement of the partner could potentially be harmful during medical treatment. On the contrary, a high score shows the involvement of the partner could improve the treatment’s efficacy and/or compliance, with a high chance of success. The combination of the single results (red, yellow and green) helps to identify the best treatment choice. The red light indicates that prior to medical prescription, the couple undergoes a psycho-sexological assessment to unveil conditions to continue with medical treatment. Yellow light indicates contemporary to medical prescription, psycho-sexological assessment might manage relational issues that could worsen pharmacological treatment. And green light denotes that the instrument could be re-administered after 4 weeks since the first administration, to verify any changes in patient/partner’s perception of medical treatment. Moreover, a re-test is highly recommended in patients whose scores are low or medium. Nevertheless, patients and couples who are classified as “red” or “yellow” light could present any other psychological complications (performance anxiety, fear of rejection, anger towards partner) which can be evaluated by psycho-sexologists. Conclusions This instrument could be beneficial to physicians while prescribing medical therapy and prevent any possible patient dropout and resultant therapy failure, especially in PE and ED patients. The involvement of sexual partners in the diagnostic process, education, counseling, and treatment choice is pivotal in improving the overall quality of life and sexual experiences for couples. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: 2Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Review of clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of urinary tract infection in children

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial diseases in childhood. The difficulty of diagnosis and timely administration of adequate therapy is associated with differences in the clinical course of the disease in different age groups, localization of the infectious process (upper and lower urinary tract), methods of urine collection and interpretation of the obtained results. The possibility and amount of instrumental diagnostics also varies depending on the region and the specifics of the organization of the healthcare system. The problem of increasing resistance of microorganisms is aggravated by the often-excessive prescription of antimicrobial chemotherapy drugs, which leads to a narrowing of the range of available drugs and the possibility of their use in appropriate age groups. All of the above explains the lack of uniform approaches and the existence of many international and local clinical recommendations on the problem of UTI. This review highlights the features of urine collection in non- and toilet-trained children and also discusses the assumptions and limitations of using screening methods for urinalysis. Indications for urine culture and differences in the interpretation of results depending on the method of obtaining a urine sample are presented, as well as data on modern instrumental diagnostic methods and strategies for their use in practice. A comparative description of current international clinical recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of UTIs in children is provided.

Prescriptions of homeopathic remedies at the expense of the German statutory health insurance from 1985 to 2021: scientific, legal and pharmacoeconomic analysis

The prescription of homeopathic remedies at the expense of the statutory health insurance (SHI) system in Germany has been criticized for years due to a lack of evidence. Now, on the planned abolition of the reimbursement of homeopathic medicines in Germany, the debate on this topic has been reignited. The aim of this paper is to show the costs and their development over time incurred by homeopathic remedies in the healthcare system from 1985 to 2021. For this purpose, 15 selected homeopathic medicines were chosen from the drug prescription report (Arzneiverordnungsreport) and analyzed with regard to their development of DDD (Defined Daily Dose) using data from the Wissenschaftliches Institut der Ortskrankenkassen (WidO, Scientific Institute of the General Local Health Insurance Funds) and compared with their respective rational pharmacological alternatives. The price comparison was based on the DDD costs and the pharmacy retail price of the smallest packaging in each case. The clinical study situation for the preparations was also analyzed. For this purpose, the clinical studies provided by the manufacturer and those on PubMed were divided into evidence levels and analyzed. In addition, the presentation of homeopathic remedies on company websites, in online pharmacies, in specialist information and package leaflets was analyzed with regard to side effects, interactions, indication, and information on the alleged effect/proof of efficacy. In many media, information on homeopathic medicines remained incomplete, and non-compliance with the Therapeutic Product Advertising Act (Heilmittelwerbegesetz) was noted. Naming of the products if often very suggestive, too. Manufacturers’ claims of efficacy go far beyond what can be considered proven in terms of evidence-based medicine and the quality of most clinical studies is poor. Homeopathic remedies are on average significantly more expensive than their rational pharmacological alternatives. Furthermore, DDD costs have continued to rise over the years analyzed. In aggregate, from a pharmacoeconomic, legal, and scientific perspective, abolition of reimbursement of homeopathic medicines in Germany at the expense of the SHI system is well justified.

Loneliness in adolescence and prescription of psychotropic drugs in adulthood: 23-year longitudinal population-based and registry study.

The role of adolescent loneliness in adult mental health and prescriptions of psychotropic drugs remains underexplored. We aim to determine whether (a) experiencing loneliness in adolescence and (b) changes in loneliness from adolescence to adulthood are prospectively associated with prescriptions for a variety of psychotropic drugs in adulthood. We used data from a Norwegian population-based sample with 2602 participants, collected across four waves between 1992 and 2006. Loneliness was assessed at each wave, with survey data linked to medicinal drug prescription records from the Norwegian Prescription Database. We identified prescription histories of antipsychotics, mood stabilisers, antidepressants and benzodiazepines from 2007 to 2015, for each participant. We use latent growth curve analyses to model the relationship of adolescent loneliness and loneliness change from adolescence to adulthood, with subsequent psychotropic drugs prescription. Adolescents with heightened loneliness, and adolescents whose loneliness increased into young adulthood, had a greater likelihood of being prescribed antipsychotics, mood stabilisers and antidepressants in adulthood. These associations remained significant after adjustment for confounders such as sociodemographic characteristics, conduct problems, substance use and mental health problems. Loneliness in adolescence and its adverse development over a span of 15 years was linked to higher risk of receiving prescriptions for antipsychotics, mood stabilisers and antidepressants later in life. The findings may indicate that loneliness increases the risk for developing psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders and major depression.

IDF23-0571 Beneficial effects of an interdisciplinary collaboration in the prescription of cardioprotective antidiabetic drugs

IDF23-0571 Beneficial effects of an interdisciplinary collaboration in the prescription of cardioprotective antidiabetic drugs

Retrospective analysis of real-world prescribing data for managing cisplatin-based chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in China.

The current utilization of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK1RAs) and the impact of updated guidelines on prescription patterns of antiemetic drugs among Chinese patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) remain undetermined. This study aims to analyze the present situation of Chinese cancer patients using antiemetic drugs and assess the appropriateness of antiemetic regimens. Prescription data were collected between January 2015 and December 2020 from cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy at 76 hospitals in six major cities in China. Trends in the use of antiemetic drugs, prescribing patterns and adherence to antiemetic guidelines were assessed. Among the 108,611 patients included in this study, 6 classes and 17 antiemetic drugs were identified as monotherapy or combination therapy in 93,872 patients (86.4%), whereas 14,739 patients (13.6%) were administered no antiemetic treatment. 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists (5-HT3RAs) and glucocorticoids were the two most frequently used classes of antiemetics, followed by metoclopramide. NK1RAs were underused across the six cities, only 9332 (8.6%) and 1655 (1.5%) cisplatin-based treatments were prescribed aprepitant and fosaprepitant, respectively. Prescriptions of olanzapine and lorazepam were very low throughout the study period. In prescribing patterns of antiemetic drugs, dual combination regimens were the most common (40.0%), followed by triple combination therapy and monotherapy (25.8% and 15.1%, respectively). Overall, the adherence to antiemetic guidelines for patients undergoing cisplatin-based regimens was only 8.1% due to inadequate prescription of antiemetic drugs. Finally, our study also revealed that 5-HT3RAs and glucocorticoids were overprescribed in 8.8% and 1.6% of patients, respectively. The current study reveals suboptimal utilization of recommended antiemetic drugs for managing cisplatin-based HEC-induced nausea and vomiting in China. Improving the management of CINV is crucial, and these findings provide valuable insights into optimizing antiemetic drug practices.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Initiation and Discontinuation of Antiarrhythmic Medications in Management of Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Timely management and treatment are critical in alleviating AF disease burden. There is significant heterogeneity in patterns of AF care. It is unclear whether there are racial and ethnic differences in treatment of AF following antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) prescription. Using the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart-Socioeconomic Status database from January, 2009, through March, 2022, multivariable logistic regression techniques were used to examine the impact of race and ethnicity on rate of AAD initiation, as well as receipt of catheter ablation within two years of initiation. We compared AAD discontinuation rate by race and ethnicity groups using Cox regression models. Log-rank analyses were used to examine the rate of AF-related hospitalization. Among 143,281 patients identified with newly diagnosed AF, 30,019 patients (21%) were initiated on an AAD within 90 days. Patients identified as Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) were significantly less likely to receive an AAD compared to Non-Hispanic White patients (NHW) (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-0.94). Compared to NHW, Hispanic (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14) and Asian patients (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.29) have a higher rate of AAD discontinuation. Following AAD initiation, NHB patients were significantly more likely to have an AF-related hospitalization (p < 0.01). However, NHB patients were significantly less likely to receive ablation compared to NHW (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.97), and less likely to change AAD (p < 0.01). Patients identified as NHB are 10% less likely to receive an AAD for treatment of newly diagnosed AF. Compared to NHW, Hispanic and Asian patients were more likely to discontinue AAD treatment. Once initiated on an AAD, NHB patients were significantly more likely to have an AF -related hospitalization, but were 17% less likely to receive ablation compared to NHW patients. The etiology of, and interventions to reduce, these disparities require further investigation.

Assessment of drug prescription practises in chronic hemodialysis patients: case series.

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of drugs prescriptions in chronic haemodialysis patients. The authors conducted a prospective study in chronic haemodialysis patients of two haemodialysis centres in the city of Oujda eastern Morocco, during the year of 2020. The authors identified the drugs prescribed in this population with regards to the product characteristics, in terms of indications, contraindications, dosage and drug interactions. Our data were analyzed by SPSS version 27 software. The mean number of drugs taken per patient was 8.15±6. Ninety-three percent of patients received treatment for anaemia. Phosphocalcic disorders and hypertension were treated in 89% and 72% of patients, respectively. In 77.6% of the cases, these drugs were taken orally. According to Vidal, the majority of prescriptions met the criteria of good prescription, in 81.54% of the cases, versus 18.46% of the patients with at least one of non-compliant prescription. On the other hand, 6.15% of the patients had at least one inadvisable combination. No contraindicated association was noted in our patients. Patients undergoing haemodialysis have a higher risk of developing side effects and drug interactions than patients with normal kidney function. Given the paucity of pharmacokinetic studies in this population, nephrologists refer to their own experience to treat his patients effectively.Therapeutic education and regular monitoring of chronic haemodialysis patients can improve clinical outcomes, quality of life and reduce the cost of care.

Treatment of bone metastases from solid tumors with bone-modifying agents: a web survey of Italian oncologists investigating patterns of practice drug prescription and prevention of side effects

PurposeOptimal use of bone-modifying agents (BMAs) in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors is uncertain in some aspects: the drug choice; the planned treatment duration and long-term therapy; the prevention and management of possible side effects, including renal toxicity, hypocalcaemia, and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).MethodsItalian oncologists were invited to fulfil a 24-question web survey about prescription of BMAs for bone metastases of breast cancer, prostate cancer, and other solid tumors. Prevention and management of side effects were also investigated.ResultsAnswers of 191 oncologists were collected. BMAs are usually prescribed at the time of diagnosis of bone metastases by 87.0% (breast cancer) and 76.1% (solid tumors except breast and prostate cancers) of oncologists; the decision is more articulated for prostate cancer (endocrine-sensitive versus castration-resistant). The creatinine level (32.3%), the availability of patient venous access (15.8%), and the type of primary neoplasm (13.6%) are the most reported factors involved in choice between bisphosphonates and denosumab. Zoledronic acid every 3 months was considered as a valid alternative to monthly administration by 94% of Italian oncologists. Oncologists reported a good confidence with measures aimed to prevent MRONJ, whereas uncertainness about prevention and management of hypocalcemia was registered.ConclusionItalian oncologists showed a high attitude in prescribing bisphosphonates or denosumab at the time of diagnosis of bone metastases, with a large application of preventive measures of side effects. Further studies are needed to investigate some controversial aspects, such as optimal drug treatment duration and long-term drug schedules.

How valid is a prescription-based multimorbidity index (Rx-risk) in predicting mortality in the Outcomes and Multimorbidity In Type 2 diabetes (OMIT) study? A nation-wide registry-based cohort study from Norway

ObjectiveThe prescription-based Rx-risk index has previously been developed to measure multimorbidity. We aimed to adapt and evaluate the validity of the Rx-risk index in prediction of mortality among persons with...