Drug Inventory Research Articles

Penerapan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Berbasis Metode Pareto ABC dan Optimasi Kualitatif untuk Efisiensi Pengadaan Obat

Drug procurement at Amandha pharmacy is still carried out with uncertain considerations, resulting in irregular scheduling, this will have an impact on inventory costs due to the accumulation of inventory in the warehouse or the absence of drug inventory, pharmacy managers have difficulty in making decisions for drug procurement, due to factors that must be considered, namely the number of drug item sales, investment and cost allocation. The purpose of this study is to create software with the application of the Pareto ABC method and qualitative optimization which will be one of the considerations in decision making in ordering drugs. In this new system, the number of drug procurements to be ordered is based on 3 values ​​as considerations, namely use value, investment value and critical index value, with reference to the Pareto ABC method having a class level divided into class A with an investment value of 70%, class B 20% and class C 10%, the system will provide recommendations as considerations for the agency in ordering drugs. The function of this research is as a consideration in solving problems and improving the quality of drug procurement. The results of the research are in the form of software for drug procurement decision support systems as a consideration in preparing a strategic ordering plan that supports increasing efficiency, effectiveness and benefits of the agency.

ABC-VEN analysis of drug use in outpatients at a neurology department in Indonesia

ABC-VEN analysis of drug use in outpatients at a neurology department in Indonesia

Prototype Design of Web-Based Drug Inventory Prediction Application Using Multiple Linear Regression Methods at the X District Health Office

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>The need for information systems is currently becoming very important, especially in terms of predicting drug needs in health care facilities, one of which is the health department. The availability of drug inventory prediction applications is expected to help health facility management optimize drug inventory levels so that they can use budgets effectively. The research aims to design an application that can meet the needs and facilitate the process of planning drug needs in health care facilities. This research is highly relevant to the aspects of pharmacy management, pharmacy data analysis, and information systems in the field of health, all of which are important topics in the development of effective and efficient health services. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method using the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model approach to develop information systems. The information system developed is a web-based information system that adopts a multiple linear regression system and the use of data mining as an algorithm in predicting drug needs. This is so that the allocation of drug provision budgets can be used effectively. The design of a drug data prediction information system using a linear regression method is intended to facilitate the process of planning drug needs that must be met in healthcare facilities. If this application design is implemented, it will help the management of healthcare facilities to optimize the level of drug inventory. This is because there is already a drug needs selection process that is in accordance with the drug needs condition needed by the hospital formation installation. Suggestions for further research can be developed to obtain information quickly about significant changes in drug needs or the potential risk of stockouts.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keywords: Data Mining, Drug Procurement, Medicine Needs</em></strong>

Pengelolaan Obat di Unit Farmasi RSUD Tengku Sulung

Pharmaceutical service is a direct and responsible service to patients related to pharmaceutical preparations with the intention of achieving definite results to improve the quality of life of patients. The purpose of this study was to obtain in-depth information on drug management in the Pharmacy Unit of RSUD Tengku Sulung. The research method used descriptive qualitative with purposive sampling with the number of informants 7 people. Data collection through in-depth interviews, direct observation and document review using content analysis. The results, on the input component obtained information that the lack of human resources, facilities and infrastructure are inadequate and there is no depot and SIM RS. Policies have been made in the form of Drug Management Guidelines in the Pharmacy Unit. In the process component, information is obtained that selection is based on the hospital formulary and national formulary, planning using the combination method, procurement using e-catalog and direct purchase, receipt is carried out by checking and adjusting the order letter, order invoice, and the drug received, storage based on dosage form, classification of types of drugs, medical devices, B3 and arranged alphabetically with the FIFO and FEFO systems, distribution using individual prescribing and Floor Stock systems, deletion is carried out by involving third parties, control is carried out by controlling drug inventory and quality, administration based on recording, reporting and financial administration. The output component obtained by the availability of drugs is still not effective and efficient. In conclusion, the pharmaceutical supply management system in the Pharmacy unit of RSUD Tengku Sulung is not in accordance with the established standards. Suggestions, the need for additional human resources, the fulfillment of infrastructure such as depot procurement and SIMRS, monitoring and evaluation, improved communication during drug selection and budget planning in the fulfillment of facilities and infrastructure.

Design and Development of a Web-Based Medicine Inventory Information System

The establishment of this company took place in 2011, and it currently has a workforce of 63 individuals. The company distributes goods exclusively to authorized agencies or pharmacies rather than the general public. Only entities with a valid business license can purchase drugs from this company. It should be noted that this company does not produce drugs but rather acquires them from suppliers for resale. There are still challenges in gathering reports on the inflow and outflow of medicine stock data during inventorying. These reports are still reliant on ledger records. Consequently, warehouse staff require considerable time to document reports regarding the arrival and departure of items. This study aims to examine and create a web-based system for managing drug inventory, which is essential for enterprises. Developing this system entails utilizing the Prototyping methodology as a system development approach and the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a modeling instrument. The activities implemented in this system encompass the management of goods data, incoming goods transactions, outgoing goods transactions, inventory management, goods stock reports, outgoing goods reports, incoming goods reports, and user administration. Based on this study, a web application was developed to address the drug supply system issues at Pharmaceutical Distribution Companies In Bandung.

Application of Holt-Winter Exponential Smoothing Method to Design a Drug Inventory Prediction Application in Private Health Units

This research aims to see how to design a drug supply prediction application using the Holt-Winter Exponential Smoothing method. The collection methods used in the research are as follows: observation, interviews. The prototyping system development method includes several important stages in designing research applications. The first stage is communication. After that, the Quick Plan stage. Construction of prototype stages. The final stage, deployment delivery and feedback, is the phase of system use by users. In addition, the team also conducts regular system maintenance to ensure optimal performance. These stages together form an iterative process for developing research applications using the prototyping method. Based on the research results, it was found that the test results for the drugs amoxicillin, cefixime, paracetamol, and CTM showed that the MAPE value was less than 10% for these four drugs, which means that the predictive value has quite high accuracy. So it can be concluded that the Holt Winter Exponential Smoothing algorithm can be well implemented to predict drug supplies.

Expired Medication Detection Information System Using the First Expired First Out Method

A pharmacy is a facility where diverse pharmaceutical operations occur, including acquiring, formulating, and distributing medications. The utilization of information technology has experienced a substantial rise in the current digital age, particularly in the realm of healthcare. An integrated and readily accessible information system is required to oversee diverse operations in the pharmacy, including drug procurement, stock management, prescription services, and sales. This study aims to create an information system that may enhance drug procurement efficiency and monitor drug expiration in a pharmacy located in Bandung. Anticipated enhancements are likely to optimize the pharmacy's operational efficiency. The expiration of pharmaceuticals can be attributed to several factors, such as the absence of regular drug inspections due to staffing constraints, human mistakes, excessive drug procurement, and unpredictable patient demands. In order to tackle these problems, it is necessary to implement a system that can detect expired drugs. The purpose of this system is to streamline the management of drug inventory by monitoring and tracking expired drugs. It also implements the First Expired First Out (FEFO) strategy, which prioritizes the usage of drugs with closer expiration dates over those with longer expiration dates.

Appointment Booking and Drug Inventory System in Healthcare Services Using Blockchain Technology

Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry by improving data security, reducing administrative inefficiencies, and enabling the seamless sharing of medical information. In the healthcare sector, blockchain can be applied to a wide range of use cases, such as medical record-keeping, clinical trials, drug traceability, and telemedicine. By using a secure, decentralized system, healthcare organizations can ensure that sensitive patient data is kept confidential and can be easily accessed by authorized parties. Additionally, the use of smart contracts can contribute to reducing the risk of errors and saving time and resources. In the proposed work, a decentralized application integrates healthcare services with blockchain technology to ensure transparency and security and prevent tampering with electronic medical records. The three main functionalities implemented in this work are to provide a transparent appointment booking system where patients can view the real-time availability status of the doctors and book an appointment with the doctor of their choice, and to store and retrieve data in an efficient and secure manner. To maintain a transparent and tamper-resistant medical inventory to prevent the unauthorized sale of medicines and drugs and also verify the availability of the drug. This helps the patients get the drugs in the quickest manner possible. Compared to existing centralized storage techniques, the proposed decentralized storage technique provides higher data availability, the fastest response time, and immutable storage of existing data. Experimental results show that, compared to existing work, the proposed work provided better results in throughput and latency. The communication cost of the proposed technique is 7% lesser than the existing Telecare Medicine Information system.

Klasterisasi Obat Berdasarkan Tipe dan Komposisi Sejenis pada Bagian Farmasi Rumah Sakit Queen Latifa

One important element in maintaining and improving the quality of healthcare services is the availability of adequate medication. Drugs are a crucial component used in the provision of healthcare services, and the expenses associated with them constitute a significant portion of overall healthcare costs. The implementation of data mining can aid in analyzing drug usage to obtain information that can be utilized for planning and controlling drug inventory, with one of the methods being the utilization of the K-Means algorithm. The K-Means algorithm is the most popular and widely used clustering method in data mining. This research aims to facilitate pharmacy personnel in identifying groups of drug types with similar characteristics and compositions. As a result, the categorization of a large number of drugs can be performed more efficiently and accurately. Moreover, with the grouping of drugs based on similar characteristics and compositions, pharmacy personnel can easily monitor the availability of specific medications and take appropriate actions in managing drug supplies at the hospital.

“Time may change me, but you can’t trace time”: the (In)stability of psycho-social doping profiles among adolescent athletes

ABSTRACT The Adolescent Sport Doping Inventory (ASDI; [Nicholls, A. R., Levy, A. R., Meir, R., Sanctuary, C., Jones, L., Baghurst, T., Thompson, M. A., & Perry, J. L. (2019). The development and validation of the adolescent sport drug inventory (ASDI) among athletes from four continents. Psychological Assessment, 31(11), 1279–1293. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000750] was one of the first questionnaires designed specifically to measure psycho-social doping constructs among adolescent athletes. Little is known about the reliability of this scale, and nor the stability of the psychosocial variables that the ASDI assesses. The aim of this paper was to assess the reliability of the ASDI, along with the extent to which key psychosocial constructs are stable, and whether there was variance across four clusters. Three independent samples of athletes were recruited. Athletes completed the ASDI one week apart (Sample 1, 92 athletes), 8 weeks apart (Sample 2, 134 athletes), and 16 weeks apart (Sample 3, 86 athletes). Findings revealed that the ASDI is a robust and reliable measure. While there was little within-subject variance in the data assessed one week apart (Sample 1) and 8 weeks apart (Sample 2), correlation coefficients in Sample 3 were markedly lower than Samples 1 or 2. The data also revealed that there was movement between cluster profiles for the eight- and 16-week gap, but not the one-week gap. In the short-term, psychosocial variables such as attitudes doping and susceptibility towards doping are relatively stable among adolescent athletes, although there is some movement between doping clusters. This could infer that ongoing anti-doping education is required to prevent undesirable changes in these important factors on a regular basis within adolescence.

PENERAPAN LEAN HEALTHCARE DALAM PENGELOLAAN MANAJEMEN KEPERAWATAN DI RAWAT INAP DHAHA RSUD GAMBIRAN KOTA KEDIRI

Introduction & aim: Lean is a new breakthrough in the era of digitalization which is a process improvement method used to improve service products, high use of consumables (hereinafter referred to as BHP) in hospitals, stock inventory of drugs and medical devices in the treatment room every month and found a buildup of inventory of consumables. This community service aimed to identify the application of lean healthcare applications in the BHP inventory for nursing management. Method of Activity: In finding the root of the problem using fishbone diagrams, the scoring method was to prioritize issues to be resolved using SWOT Analysis. This community service was conducted in the Dhaha inpatient room of Gambiran Hospital, Kediri City with 22 medical and 2 non-medical personnel. Results: The application of lean healthcare in the Dhaha inpatient room, material management, pharmaceutical supplies, and household logistics was carried out continuously according to what nurses needed. However, after the implementation of lean healthcare, it begins with the implementation of 5S which regulates supplies according to patient needs, assigns items that are always used in patient services according to nurses every shift not every room, and puts or parks in places that are easy to reach. Efficient from inventory adjustments in the inpatient room in the form of Rp. 1,035,566. Discussion: The implementation of Lean Health Care "KANBAN" is an important thing to do sustainably because quality service is also obtained from effective and efficient services including inventory management.

Medical Equipment And Medication Inventory Information System At West Citarip Puskesmas Is Based On A Website

An inventory information system offers data from many processes, including purchasing, storing, and reporting. As a result, it is essential to create an application for the Inventory Information System to transform the company's performance process from manual to automated, resulting in more thorough reports. Data collection, system design, system analysis, and database system design are used to create this application. It is creating PHP-based application programs. MYQSL is the database used, while VisualStudio Code is used for development scripts. It has been determined that the West Citarip Health Center's Drug and Medical Device Inventory Information System is ready to be designed and implemented.

EVALUASI SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN OBAT OBATAN PASIEN COVID 19 PADA RUMAH SAKIT MITRA MEDIKA TANJUNG MULIA

This study aims to analyze the Accounting Information System for Drug Inventory at Mitra Medika Tanjung Mulia Hospital. In this study, the author uses a descriptive technique, which is an analytical process that begins with collecting data, grouping the data and then compiling, analyzing and interpreting so that the actual picture of the problem under study is obtained. The technique of collecting data is through a documentation study, which is to obtain the necessary data from the hospital regarding the accounting information system for drug supplies. Based on research and discussion regarding the Evaluation of the Accounting Information System for Drug Inventory for Covid-19 Patients at Mitra Medika Tanjung Mulia Hospital, it shows that the accounting information system implemented has been implemented well and is able to assist leaders in making good decisions.

Predicting Medicine-Stocks by Using Multilayer Perceptron Backpropagation

Artificial neural network has a lot of ability in controlling the error rate to formulate some of its functions as a supervised method. Medicine is one of the major needs for each patient, so that every hospital should know how much inventory of drugs is used and needed by patients every day. This study uses artificial neural network with multilayer perceptron backpropagation as a solution for predicting drug stocks. Prediction of drug stocks using medicine prior period stock data for three years is used to get the predicted results with a small error rate. Backpropagation algorithm using the error output is used to change the weights in the backward direction. To get this error, forward stage should be done first. The results of experiments using backpropagation with the configuration of 0.04 mementum which has training rate of 0.001 gets the value of MSE of 0.00001.

MPharma: health-tech start-up makes medicines affordable and accessible to patients in Africa

Learning outcomes After discussing this case, students will be able to understand the challenges faced by social entrepreneurs in starting a health-tech start-up in Africa; create and evaluate lean business models of health-tech companies as a social enterprise; evaluate how health-tech start-ups were developing innovative business models and supply chain networks to make prescription drugs accessible and available in Africa; understand how inorganic growth strategies can help health-tech start-ups scale up; and evaluate what promises investors were seeing while investing in social enterprises in the health-care sector in Africa and what social wealth they were creating. Case overview/synopsis In August 2022, Gregory Rockson (Rockson), social entrepreneur and founder of for-profit health technology (health-tech) social enterprise in Ghana, mPharma, stated that he had plans to replicate the company’s business model, which provided people access to drugs and at affordable prices, to other African nations, beyond the company’s existing footprint. However, analysts pointed out that the fragmented drug supply chain and poor regulation in the health-care market across Africa could act as a challenge for mPharma to replicate its business model successfully across the African continent. People in Africa were forced to pay higher prices to buy life-saving drugs due to the continent’s fragmented drug supply chain. To add to their woes, pharmacies struggled to keep life-saving and life-sustaining medicines in stock. Often, patients traveled miles to a pharmacy only to find out that the drugs they needed were not in stock. In addition to this, the markets were flooded with counterfeit drugs. And the Covid-19 pandemic only exacerbated the situation. mPharma managed the prescription drug inventory for pharmacies and drug suppliers using its proprietary vendor management information system. By using the technology infrastructure it had built, the company connected patients, pharmacies and hospitals through a cloud-based software. The system enabled doctors to track in real-time which drugs were available and at which location, thus giving patients reliable access to medicines. Patients registering with mPharma with their prescriptions and medical history received an alert on their mobile phones notifying them where the drugs they needed were available. mPharma bought drugs from major drug manufacturers such as Novartis International AG, Pfizer Inc. (Pfizer) and Bayer AG, on behalf of the pharmacies. This enabled the pharmacies to save on the up-front costs of stocking the drugs, reduced supply constraints and ensured availability of drugs to consumers in these underserved markets. The company had a consignment model wherein member pharmacies had to pay only for what they sold. Most pharmacies forecast the number of drugs they needed and purchased them from mPharma at pre-agreed rates. The company took the inventory liability to prevent pharmacies from going out of stock. As mPharma used its purchasing power to buy drugs in large quantities from drug manufacturers and suppliers, it was able to help patients realize cost savings of 30% to 60% in the purchase of medicines. mPharma was focusing on achieving its ambitious goal of dominating the health-care market in Africa in future. However, analysts felt that the company would face challenges related to poor regulation in the health-care market, high prices of drugs and the fragmented pharmacy retail market in the continent. Complexity academic level This case is intended for use in MBA/MS level programs as part of a course on Social Entrepreneurship, Sustainability, Business Model Innovation, Disruptive Business Models, and Supply Chain Management in the Drug Industry. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

Drug Inventory Control Analysis at a Primary Level Health Care Facility in Bengaluru Urban, India

Background Almost one third of funds allocated to health centres are spent in buying medicines and health care equipment. The cost and requirement of these medicines vary widely depending on level of healthcare quality of healthcare and requirements of population. Efficient feasible and effective planning of drug inventory is necessary for equal access to healthcare services.Objectives The objectives of this study are to categorize the drugs based on cost criticality aspects and identify those requiring stringent managerial control and to improve the health delivery systems of the hospital.Methods The data related to annual consumption and annual drug expenditure ADE incurred on each drug during the year 2023 in a primary level healthcare facility in Bangalore urban was collected. The drugs were categorized based on ABC and VED. Analysis was done using Microsoft Office Excel version 2021.Results A total of 140 drugs used in the hospital were included in the analysis. ADE on these 140 items for the year 2022 was Rs.1023566.35. ABC analysis showed 44 items 31.4 in category-A 37 items 26.4 in category-B and 59 items 42.14 in category-C which utilized 86.5 9.08 and 4.37 of ADE respectively. VED analysis revealed 31 vital items 22.14 64 essential items 45.7 and 45 desirable items 32.14 which consumed 55.3 16.14 and 28.46 ADE of pharmacy respectively. It has been observed that according to ABC-VED analysis 74.17 19 and 6.8 of ADE belong to categories I II and III respectively.Conclusion The above analysis showed drug classification on basis of usage criticality and cost. It also identified drugs that required effective listing supply and management.nbsp

Application of the Multiple Linear Regression Method in Forecasting the Amount of Drug Supply at the Health Center

Sukamerindu Health Center is one of the health centers in the city of Bengkulu. Drug management at the puskesmas has utilized an office application package, namely excel, but this utilization has not been fully implemented, because there is still a manual process where drug data collection is filled in through the books that have been provided, then only recapitulated at the end of the month. This sometimes makes it difficult for the puskesmas to manage the availability of drugs at the puskesmas. The application for forecasting the amount of drug supply at the UPTD Sukamerindu Health Center in Bengkulu City was made using the Visual Basic .Net programming language by applying the Multiple Linear Regression Method for the forecasting process. In determining the results of the forecast for the following month and year, there are 3 supporting variables used, namely demand, use, and supply of drugs in the previous month and year. Based on data on the 500 mg Amoxicillin Capsule, where there were 36 data analyzed from January 2019 to December 2021, the prediction results for the number of drug supplies in January 2022 using the Multiple Linear Regression Method were 13066, with a prediction error rate of 7.10%. . Based on testing the application for forecasting the amount of drug inventory at the UPTD Puskesmas Sukamerindu, Bengkulu City, it was found that the functionality of the application ran according to expectations .

APPLICATION OF WEB-BASED APRIORI ALGORITHM FOR DRUG INVENTORY AT KHAIRI FARMA PHARMACY

Inventory has a very important role in increasing sales and service to consumers. The purpose of this study was to determine the information and sales patterns in the form of association rules at a certain period that can provide advice to the pharmacy in managing drug inventory. The algorithm used in this study is a priori to determine the results of sales patterns in the form of association rules. Association rules are obtained by implementing an apriori data mining algorithm to a website-based system using laravel and the resulting calculation results are in the form of Drug Association rules purchased simultaneously. With a minimum support value of 2, there are 214 items in 1 – the itemset that passes the minimum support and 9 association rules formed from all transactions of 519 data with a confidence value of more than 30%. From the resulting Association rules, there are Association rules with the highest confidence value of 66.67% in the form of ketotifen and cupanol pairs purchased simultaneously.

Review Article on Pharmaceutical Inventory Models

The inventory management system plays a vital role in a pharmaceutical industry. For every business, managing an inventory is important whether it is small or big, domestic or international business. In a pharmaceutical company, the raw materials have an expiry date associated with them so it becomes important to set a minimal safety stock for such items. The companies mostly try out keeping a minimum stock of products which will help in tracking our business easily. In this article, we present an overall review of the Pharmaceutical Inventory literature since the early 1968 and the models available in the relevant literature have been suitably classified. The motivations and extensions of various models in each subclass have been discussed in detail.
 Keywords: Inventory, Perishable items, Pharmaceutical inventory, RFID technology, Drug inventory

PENGHEMATAN BIAYA PERSEDIAAN OBAT MENGGUNAKAN METODE HYBRID DI RSIA PERDANA MEDICA SURABAYA

Background: Based on drugs inventories data at pharmacy unit Perdana Medica Maternal and Child Hospital Surabaya in March 2020, 35 items of drugs and medical devices were expired and damaged. In addition, stock out caused an Rp11,295,500.00 profit loss (estimated). Based on these problems, research is needed to
 find how much savings can be achieved in planning the procurement of drugs using the hybrid method.
 Objective: Find out how much savings can be made by RSIA Perdana Medica in planning the procurement of drugs using the hybrid method.
 Methods: This research is quantitative descriptive research. The ABC-VED method is used to classify drug inventories based on their use and investment levels. Inventory policy is searched using the hybrid method by comparing actual costs with expected total costs.
 Result: Perdana Medica Maternal and Child Hospital could save Rp4,440,457.85 expenses based on the calculation results.
 Conclusion: The hybrid method can be used as a new method in inventory planning at Perdana Medica Maternal and Child Hospital.