Prevalence Of Substance Abuse Research Articles

Abstract Strengths and difficulties Lithuania

Abstract Background Most mental health disorders begin before the age of 18, peaking at 14.5 years (Solmi, 2022) and manifest as emotional and behavioural difficulties that are more frequent in institutional social care (ISC): former foster care recipients have higher rates of depression and PTSD than the general population (Pecora, 2009). The rate of children living in residential care facilities in Europe and Central Asia is double the global average (UNICEF, 2024). This study aims to assess and compare the mental health of children in ISC centers and regular high schools. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in ISC centres and high schools in 2022-2023. The sample size consisted of children aged 11-17 living in ISC (n = 49) or in families (n = 193). Online anonymous survey was applied to assess the prevalence of endured violence, substance use and measure mental health outcomes using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-25). Results A total of 242 respondents (age mean 14.6, SD = 2.12) in ISC and families showed similar poor mental health rates (42% and 44%, respectively). Prosocial behaviour problems were exhibited more by boys (p < 0.05), whereas emotional symptoms were more common in families (p < 0.001): 90% normal SDQ-25 scores in ISC vs 60% in families. Enduring psychological (38% vs 60.2%) violence was more prevalent among children in families (p < 0.05); smoking - in ISC, alcohol use - in families (p < 0.05). In both groups enduring physical violence was associated with smoking and alcohol use (p < 0.05), and overall poor SDQ-25 results strongly correlated (p < 0.001, r = 0.815, r = 0.610, respectively) with hyperactivity. Conclusions A significant part of study participants reported poor mental health outcomes with most problems in relationships with peers. Mental health risk factors such as violence or substance abuse are associated with poor emotional wellbeing while being more common among children living with families. Key messages • Children living in ISC and in families demonstrate similar level of mental health problems. • Varying prevalence of substance abuse among children living in different settings highlights the importance of environmental factors when addressing the issue.

Psychosocial and pandemic-related circumstances of suicide deaths in 2020: Evidence from the National Violent Death Reporting System.

To describe and explore variation in 'pandemic-related circumstances' among suicide decedents during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We identified pandemic-related circumstances using decedents' text narratives in the 2020 National Violent Death Reporting System. We use time-series analysis to compare other psychosocial characteristics (e.g., mental health history, interpersonal difficulties, financial strain) of decedents pre-pandemic (2017/2018: n = 56,968 suicide and n = 7,551 undetermined deaths) to those in 2020 (n = 31,887 suicide and n = 4,100 undetermined). We characterize common themes in the narratives with pandemic-related circumstances using topic modeling, and explore variation in topics by age and other psychosocial circumstances. In 2020, n = 2,502 (6.98%) narratives described pandemic-related circumstances. Compared to other deaths in 2020 and to the pre-pandemic period, decedents with pandemic-related circumstances were older and more highly educated. Common themes of pandemic-related circumstances narratives included: concerns about shutdown restrictions, financial losses, and infection risk. Relative to decedents of the same age that did not have pandemic-related circumstances in 2020, those with pandemic-related circumstances were more likely to also have financial (e.g., for 25-44 years, 43% vs. 12%) and mental health (76% vs. 66%) psychosocial circumstances, but had similar or lower prevalence of substance abuse (47% vs. 49%) and interpersonal (40% vs. 42%) circumstances. While descriptive, these findings help contextualize suicide mortality during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and can inform mental health promotion efforts during similar public health emergencies.

Prevalence and factors influencing substance abuse among secondary school students in Mbeya City, Tanzania

Background: Substance abuse among students has far-reaching social, religious, economic, health and demographic consequences, such as unplanned pregnancies, school dropouts, abortions, maternal and newborn mortality, infection risks and other psychological problems. Our study investigated the prevalence of substance abuse among secondary school students in Mbeya City, Tanzania. Methods: This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2021 among secondary students from Mbeya City, Tanzania. Students completed a self-administered substance use questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 343 students were requested to participate in the study. However, 300 agreed to indicate 87% response rate. 9.7% (n=59) reported substance use, primarily cannabis, 75% (n=225) and alcohol, 68% (n=204). Friends influenced substance use among 82.7% of users. Reported immediate effects included misbehaviour, 73.7% (n=221) and unprotected sex, 72.3% (n=217). Long-term harms were predominantly brain damage (86.7%). Community education (78%) and media campaigns (76.7%) were suggested to curb use. Conclusion: Substance abuse among a sizable minority of Mbeya City secondary school students is driven by peer influence and has detrimental impacts reported by students themselves. Comprehensive education and preventive strategies engaging families, schools and communities are recommended to address this critical youth issue. Keywords: Substance abuse; cannabis; alcohol; secondary school students; Tanzania.

Prevalence and Consequences of Substance Abuse among Undergraduates in Ilorin Metropolis

This study investigated the prevalence and consequences of substance abuse among undergraduates in Kwara State. The study examines whether or not moderating variables such as age, gender and family type would influence the respondents’ view on the prevalence and consequences of substance abuse among Undergraduates in Kwara State. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 60 respondents from each of the three selected institutions. Thus, a total of 180 respondents participated in the study. A researcher-developed questionnaire titled "Prevalence and Consequences of Substance Abuse Questionnaire (PCSAQ)" was used to collect data for the study, using a t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that the prevalent substances among undergraduates in Kwara State are cigarettes, alcohol, and tobacco among others. The findings also revealed that the consequences of substance abuse among undergraduates in Kwara State are low self-esteem, dropping out of school, and social isolation (i.e. Poor relationships with others) among others. The findings of this study also revealed that there was no significant difference in the prevalence and consequences of substance abuse among undergraduates based on age and family type. However, a significant difference was found in the prevalence and consequences of substance abuse based on gender. Based on the findings, it was recommended 1) that undergraduate students should be properly oriented by the counsellors on the dangers associated with substance abuse at the beginning of their academic year, 2) seminars and workshops should be provided by counsellors so that students would be informed about the consequences of substance abuse, 3) education should be properly structured and provided to students by school counsellor and parents at the early stage of development and 4) counsellors should organize seminars on the prevalence and consequences of substance abuse on the health of individual.

Strategi BNNK Sleman dalam Mengurangi Penyalahgunaan dan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba: Perspektif Collaborative Governance

Drug abuse and illicit trafficking remain pressing issues for Indonesia through 2024. This is evident from the increase in drug abuse prevalence in Indonesia by 1.73%, according to a National survey conducted in 2023. The widespread negative impacts make addressing this issue increasingly complex and multidimensional. Sleman has become one of the districts in Yogyakarta that receives special attention in this matter topic. Factors such as student migration, urbanization, and tourism development are the main drivers of the high risk of drug abuse in this area. BNNK Sleman is responsible for designing and implementing effective strategies to reduce and prevent drug abuse and illicit trafficking in the Sleman District. The primary goal of this study is to identify and analyze BNNK Sleman's strategies through the lens of Collaborative Governance. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach, with purposive sampling selected as the sampling method. Data were collected through three main methods: direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The comparison of observational and interview data reveals that the principles of inclusiveness, transparency, accountability, cross-sector collaboration, face-to-face dialogue, and trust-building have been integrated into effective strategies with varying degrees of success. Active community participation, the use of digital technology, and strong accountability are key elements of this strategy. This study highlights the importance of enhancing transparency and accountability through technology to improve public participation and the sustainability of cross-sector collaboration, while also providing significant insights into the implementation of Collaborative Governance at the local level.

Addressing the Dual Challenges of Substance Abuse and HIV/AIDS in Uganda via Innovative Approaches

Uganda has made significant strides in combating HIV/AIDS, yet the concurrent rise in substance abuse presents a complex public health challenge that exacerbates the burden on individuals and healthcare systems. The intersection of substance abuse and HIV/AIDS intensifies health risks and complicates treatment efforts, particularly among vulnerable populations such as youth, sex workers, and men who have sex with men. This review explores the intricate relationship between substance abuse and HIV/AIDS in Uganda, examining the socioeconomic and cultural factors that contribute to this dual epidemic. It also highlights the mental health implications, barriers within the healthcare system, and the critical role of community-based interventions. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of innovative approaches in prevention and treatment, including personalized medicine, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), medication-assisted therapy (MAT), and the integration of mental health services. The potential of digital health tools, such as telemedicine, is also explored as a means to enhance access to care. Additionally, the review underscores the significance of international organizations and partnerships in supporting local efforts to address these challenges. By integrating these innovative strategies, this review aims to inform policymakers, healthcare practitioners, and community leaders on effective interventions to reduce the prevalence of substance abuse and HIV/AIDS in Uganda and improve health outcomes for affected populations. Keywords: Dual challenges, Substance abuse, HIV/AIDS, Uganda, innovative approaches.

The Peer Group Effect on Drug Abuse and Academic Performance Among University Student

The drug problem is one of the most complex problems in the world, and hardly any society is devoid of it, whether in developed or developing countries. It threatens students' social, economic, and educational life at all levels. Saudi Arabia like the other countries faces drug spread among the youth. This study aims to assess the role of peer group effect on drug abuse and academic performance among university students in the Hawtat Bani Tamim. The study adopts the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data. The sample size of the study was 121 participants from university students. The study adopted descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the study found that the prevalence of drug abuse among university students was 8.3. There is a significant relationship between drug abuse and several factors under investigation. Notably, there were notable connections identified between drug abuse and age, the availability of drugs, and parental influence status. Also, the result showed that drug abuse delays graduation and absence from university. Peer group pressure influences drug abuse among students and plays a crucial role in drug abuse among university students. The study recommends providing programs that encourage students to quit drug abuse.

Psychometric Synthesis of the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) Versions

Problem Statement Among individuals aged 12 years or older, 14.3% (40.0 million) reporting the use of an illicit drug in the previous year. Given the prevalence of drug abuse, it is increasingly important to determine effective screening practices, treatment procedures, and best practices among various subpopulations to identify drug use-related consequences. The DAST is one of the most commonly used and accurate drug screening tests. Method This psychometric synthesis of four versions of the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10, DAST-20, DAST-28, DAST-A) provided aggregated evidence from 346 articles over 40 years of published literature for score reliability, structure, diagnostic, and convergent validity, and descriptive statistics, all with the goal of informing counseling and medical practice and research. Results Results indicated adequate internal consistency (α = 0.81–0.84 across all four versions) and mostly medium to large effect size convergent correlations with comparison measures. Aggregated diagnostic validity data indicate optimal cutoff scores of 7 for DAST-10, 8 for DAST-20, 10 for DAST-28, and 6 for DAST-A. Discussion The DAST-10 appears the best choice for practical and psychometric reasons. Additional studies of the various DAST versions are needed to expand use across participant demographics. Public Statement of Relevance Drug use continues to be a societal problem and mental health practitioners need effective screening practices, treatment procedures, and best practices among various subpopulations to identify drug use-related consequences. This study synthesized 40 years of research on the four versions of the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10, DAST-20, DAST-28, DAST-A) and found acceptable levels of score reliability and validity for screening purposes.

Psychosis and Homicide: A Forensic Study of Individuals with Schizophrenia (Experience of the University Psychiatric Hospital Arrazi Sale)

Objective: This study aims to analyze the sociodemographic, clinical, and criminological characteristics of patients with schizophrenia who commit homicide, providing insights into critical risk factors and informing future interventions. Methods: We examined a sample of patients with schizophrenia who committed homicide, assessing variables such as age, gender, marital status, education level, psychiatric history, substance abuse, clinical characteristics, and details of the homicide act. Results: The majority of patients were male (85%), over 30 years old (70%), and single (65%), with a lower level of education (75%). A high prevalence of psychiatric history (85%) and substance abuse (70%) was observed. Delusions of persecution were present in 65% of the patients at the time of the act. Most homicides involved weapons (40%) or physical force (30%), with family members or acquaintances being the most frequent victims (90%). Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of integrated treatment approaches addressing both psychiatric symptoms and substance abuse. Targeted interventions for managing close personal relationships are crucial in preventing homicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia. Future research should focus on developing standardized risk assessment procedures and exploring long-term outcomes of comprehensive care strategies to enhance public safety.

Psychosis and Homicide: A Forensic Study of Individuals with Schizophrenia (Experience of the University Psychiatric Hospital Arrazi Sale)

Objective: This study aims to analyze the sociodemographic, clinical, and criminological characteristics of patients with schizophrenia who commit homicide, providing insights into critical risk factors and informing future interventions. Methods: We examined a sample of patients with schizophrenia who committed homicide, assessing variables such as age, gender, marital status, education level, psychiatric history, substance abuse, clinical characteristics, and details of the homicide act. Results: The majority of patients were male (85%), over 30 years old (70%), and single (65%), with a lower level of education (75%). A high prevalence of psychiatric history (85%) and substance abuse (70%) was observed. Delusions of persecution were present in 65% of the patients at the time of the act. Most homicides involved weapons (40%) or physical force (30%), with family members or acquaintances being the most frequent victims (90%). Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of integrated treatment approaches addressing both psychiatric symptoms and substance abuse. Targeted interventions for managing close personal relationships are crucial in preventing homicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia. Future research should focus on developing standardized risk assessment procedures and exploring long-term outcomes of comprehensive care strategies to enhance public safety.

Patterns and sociodemographic characteristics of substance abuse among hepatitis C virus-infected patients in Iraq: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundSubstance use disorders are a widely recognized problem among hepatitis C-infected patients; moreover, substance abuse by intravenous injection is a common mode of transmission of the hepatitis C virus worldwide. The frequency of substance use disorders and their relation to hepatitis C infection are still unknown in Iraq. This cross-sectional study, conducted among a sample of hepatitis C- infected patients attending the Gastrointestinal Tract Center in Baghdad Medical City, aimed to examine the prevalence of substance use disorders, the sociodemographic characteristics of the abusers, and the relation between intravenous drug abuse and hepatitis C virus infection. All participants were subjected to an Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) questionnaire and a data form to determine sociodemographic characteristics and hepatitis C virus-related risk factors.ResultsIn a total of 300 hepatitis C virus-infected patients, the prevalence of substance use disorders was 53.6%. Among these patients, 43.6% abused nicotine, 6% abused licit drugs, and 4% abused alcohol. No one reported illicit drug abuse. Intravenous drug abuse was rare, and there was no relationship found between intravenous drug abuse and hepatitis C infection. Cupping (23%) and blood transfusion (20.3%) were both significantly associated with hepatitis C transmission in this study (p > 0.001).ConclusionThis study revealed a high prevalence (53.6%) of substance abuse in this sample of hepatitis C-infected patients, with nicotine being the most commonly abused substance. However, there was no relationship between hepatitis C infection and intravenous drug abuse. Common risk factors that might contribute to hepatitis C transmission among this population include cupping and blood transfusion.

Knowledge and prevalence of substance abuse among undergraduate students of a Nigerian university

Knowledge and prevalence of substance abuse among undergraduate students of a Nigerian university

The impact of public health policies on reducing tobacco and substance abuse among the community

Public health policies have significantly impacted the reduction of tobacco and substance abuse within communities. Legislative measures, including increased taxation on tobacco products, comprehensive smoking bans, and restrictions on advertising, have been instrumental in decreasing smoking rates and protecting non-smokers from second-hand smoke. Community-based interventions, such as school-based programs and peer-led initiatives, address the root causes of substance abuse by promoting education, social support, and healthy behaviors, tailored to meet the specific needs of local populations, ensuring their relevance and effectiveness. Public awareness campaigns leveraging mass media and educational efforts play a crucial role in changing social norms and attitudes towards tobacco and substance use. Campaigns like the "truth" campaign and programs such as life skills training (LST) have shown significant success in reducing smoking and substance use among adolescents and young adults. Integrating these campaigns with other strategies enhances their impact, creating a comprehensive approach to public health. A multifaceted strategy combining legislative action, community engagement, and public education is crucial for achieving sustained reductions in tobacco and substance abuse. Continued investment in these areas is necessary to address evolving challenges and ensure long-term public health benefits. Coordinated efforts involving diverse stakeholders, including policymakers, educators, healthcare providers, and community organizations, are essential for effectively combating tobacco and substance abuse. By fostering collaboration and leveraging local resources, communities can create supportive environments that discourage harmful behaviors and promote healthier lifestyles. These comprehensive strategies demonstrate that a well-rounded approach, incorporating legislative measures, community-based interventions, and public awareness campaigns, is effective in mitigating the prevalence of tobacco and substance abuse, ultimately contributing to improved public health outcomes.

Prevalence of Substance Abuse and Its Impact on Senior Citizens in Jalingo Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria

In recent years, drug abuse has been a major source of concern in Nigeria and other part of the globe. This concern is associated is associated with the enormous effect potency of drug abuse on perpetrators. The above scenario stimulated the researchers to examine the prevalence and impact of drug abuse among senior citizens in Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on the social learning theory and survey research design was adopted. The population of the study comprised of senior citizens in Jalingo, Taraba State. Findings of the study unraveled that there is a prevalence of drug abuse among senior citizens in Jalingo. Furthermore, it was also found that alcohol is the most commonly abused substance among senior citizens in Jalingo. Based on the revelation, the study recommend among other things the need for consistent awareness, counselling and support to senior citizens that are addicted to drug abuse.

Unraveling substance abuse among Malawian street children: A qualitative exploration.

This qualitative study adopts a phenomenological and symbolic interactionist approach to comprehensively explore substance abuse among street children in Lilongwe, Malawi. The research aims to uncover the complex sociocultural, economic, and environmental determinants influencing substance abuse within this marginalized cohort. Through in-depth semi-structured interviews, the study engages with street children to understand their subjective experiences, perceptions, and interpretations of substance abuse within their community context. Employing convenience, purposive, and snowball sampling strategies, the research collected data from street children, acknowledging their transient nature and societal challenges. Thematic analysis was conducted on interview transcripts to derive comprehensive insights. Results revealed five key thematic areas: familial absence and emotional void, societal normalization and peer pressure, economic hardships, coping mechanisms, environmental accessibility, and peer influence and belongingness. These themes highlighted the intricate interplay between personal experiences, socio-environmental factors, and peer dynamics, shaping the prevalence and persistence of substance abuse among street children. This study's implications for practice underscore the need for tailored interventions and support mechanisms addressing substance abuse within this demographic. It emphasizes the urgency for context-specific strategies and policy formulations aimed at ameliorating the challenges faced by street children dealing with substance abuse in Malawi. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of substance abuse among marginalized street children, advocating for compassionate and contextually sensitive interventions within this overlooked drug abusers' population subset.

Association of Cannabinoid-receptor 1 gene with Chronic Polysubstance Use among Nigerian Male Commercial Motor Vehicle drivers

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of psychoactive substance abuse and association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Cannabinoid-Receptor 1 (CNR1) gene with chronic polysubstance use among the Nigerian male commercial vehicle drivers selected from the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. A-10-Panel Generic Multi Drug Urine Dip Card Test Kit was used in the study and four SNPs (rs2023239, rs806378, rs806379 and rs806381)in CNR1 were genotyped in 60 subjects (20 drivers from each ethnic group) by using Sequenom MassARRAY Genotyping System. The four target SNPs revealed the following genotypes namely rs2023239: CC (20%), CT (40%), TT (40%); rs806378: CC (100%); rs806379: AA (20%), AT (50%), TT (30%); rs806381: AA (50%), GA (50%) in cases among the Hausa drivers. However, among the Igbo drivers, the four target SNPs showed the following genotypes namely rs2023239: CC (20%), CT (40%), TT (40%); rs806378: CC (80%) CT (20%); rs806379: AA (10%), AT (50%), TT (40%) and rs806381: AA (30%), GA (70%) in cases. Additionally, the target SNPs also revealed the following genotypes namely rs2023239: CC (30%), CT (30%), TT (40%); rs806378: CC (90%), CT (10%); rs806379: AA (10%), AT (60%), TT (30%) and rs806381: AA (70%), GA (20%), GG (10%) in cases among the Yoruba drivers. The SNPs rs2023239, rs806378 and rs806381 were significantly linked with polysubstance and chronic cannabis use in the sample population (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) (p˂0.05). The SNP rs806379 associated significantly with polysubstance and chronic cannabis use in the Igbo drivers only (p˂0.05). Conclusively, this study provides probably the first data on the association of CNR1genetic polymorphism with chronic polysubstance use among Nigerian male commercial motor vehicle drivers.

Epidemiology of Substance Abuse Among the Youths in Makueni County, Kenya

Introduction: Majority of youths all over the world ignorantly rely on one or more types of drugs for their everyday activities, including Mandrax, Cocaine, Tobacco, Heroine, Khat, Morphine, Alcohol, Amphetamines, Ephedrine, and Glue among others. This study’s purpose was to evaluate the epidemiology of substance abuse among the youths in Makueni County, Kenya. The broad objectives that guided the study was; to determine the epidemiology of substance abuse among the youths in Makueni County, Kenya. Methodology: -A Cross-sectional mixed-method study design was undertaken, with the target population consisting of all youths from Makueni County's eight main marketplaces. Purposive sampling was employed to obtain the 8 Major urban centres while simple random selection approach was employed to obtain respondents in each market. Qualitative data was collected using 8 key informants to supplement the quantitative data collected from the youths. A self-administered questionnaire was employed. Quantitative data was analysed using Descriptive as well as inferential statistics while qualitative narrative data was grouped into themes and was presented inform of texts with verbatim quotes used to amplify the voice of the informants. Results: The study sampled 384 respondents from Makueni County. Prevalence of Drug/Substance abuse stood at 62.3 % with alcohol (58.3%) being the most commonly abused drug/Substance. Hard Drugs were the least abused with 96.9% reporting they had never abused. Pearson correlation between gender, age and education level on prevalence of drug abuse in Makueni showed a weak positive relationship(r=0.032), weak negative relationship (r=-0.064) and a significant negative relationship (r=-0.212) respectively. High unemployment rates 62.3%, easy availability of drugs 34.3%, Peer pressure 72.3%, cheap cost of drugs 28.3% and poverty level 15.1% are main contributory factors to drug abuse. A chi-square run on the factors contributing to drug abuse also indicated a significant positive relationship between the local music, TV programs, friends, and social media with prevalence of drug abuse in Makueni County. The chi-square results also revealed a weak positive relationship between parents and prevalence of drug abuse in Makueni County. Faith-based organizations, local leaders, religious leaders, and non-governmental organizations had a strong negative relationship with prevalence of drug abuse in Makueni County. Conclusion & Recommendations: There is high prevalence of Drug/Substance abuse among the youths in Makueni County and both the County Government, national Government and the community in general must put stringent measures to curb the easy availability, sale and buying of abusive Drugs and other substances in the county.

IJCM_137A: A cross-sectional study to find out prevalence of alcohol, smoking and other substance abuse among adolescent in Raipur city, Chhattisgarh

Background: The use of various psychoactive substances such as alcohol, cannabis and opioids has been observed in India for centuries, the current dimension of the extent and pattern of psychoactive substance use and the problems associated with their use are not well-documented. Substance use estimates from 2004 indicate that tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs account for 8.7%, 3.8% and 0.4% of all deaths respectively, and 3.7%, 4.5% and 0.9% of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost respectively. National-level prevalence has been calculated for many substances of abuse, but regional variations are quite evident. Rapid assessment surveys have facilitated the understanding of changing patterns of use. Substance use among women and children are increasing cause of concern. Objective: To find out the prevalence of substance use among adolescentsat Raipur City C.G. Methodology: Study design: Community-based cross-sectional observational study. Study centre: Department of Community Medicine, Pt. JNM Medical College, Raipur Study area: Raipur city Study technique: Interview method Sample size: 300 Results: In the present study among 664 adolescents, 301 (45.3%) have a lifetime history of any type of substance abuse other than their medicinal use. The majority 53.5% and 26.8% belong to class II & III socioeconomic status as per the revised modified Prasad classification 2023. 39.5%, 17.6% and 5.7% of adolescents have a lifetime exposure to any form of Tobacco, alcohol & cannabis abuse respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of substance abuse is very high among adolescents and we found that 39.5% of adolescents are exposed to tobacco products while the Global Youth Tobacco Survey-4 (2019) estimates it was 18.1%.

Extent of substance abuse among patients with psychiatric disorders in Amman, Jordan

IntroductionThe issue of substance abuse is increasingly being recogniszed as a significant global public health concern. In relation to its influence on the Arab world, scholarly investigation continues to be regarded as relatively constrained in scope.ObjectivesThe primary goal of the present study was to investigate the extent of substance abuse in a sample of patients with psychiatric disorders who attended a psychiatric clinic in Amman and analyse this in relation to demographic and clinical variables.MethodsIn this prospective study, we investigated the prevalence, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics of substance abuse among patients with psychiatric disorders who attended an outpatient private psychiatric clinic in Amman, Jordan between January and May 2023. Overall, 671 patients were enrolled. We compared demographic and clinical parameters of drug abuse and non-drug abuse patients.ResultsAmong the 671 patients included in the study, 48.0% (n=322) reported substance use, while 52.0% (n=349) did not. The mean age of the patients was 32.45±10.18 years. The sample included 546 male patients (81.4%). Among the participants, 388 (57.8%) were single, 360 (53.7%) held a bachelor’s degree or higher, 394 (58.7%) were employed, and 545 (81.2%) lived with their families. 506 (75.4%) were smokers, 110 (16.4%) reported having a medical illness, and 25% reported engaging in self-harm. The most prevalent psychiatric diagnosis was major depressive disorder, accounting for 30.6% of cases, followed by anxiety disorders. Additionally, 148 patients (22.1%) reported emotional abuse, 40 (6.0%) reported physical abuse, 57 (8.8%) reported sexual abuse, and 47 (7.0%) had a family history of substance use.ConclusionsOur research findings indicate that substance abuse is more prevalent among certain demographic groups, specifically young, unemployed, male patients with a low level of education and a family history of substance use. These findings highlight the need for further research in diverse settings and populations to better understand the scope and underlying factors contributing to substance abuse in Arab countries. Additionally, targeted interventions and prevention strategies should be developed to address the specific needs of these high-risk groups and reduce the burden of substance abuse in these communities.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Comparing the characteristcs of hospitalized patients admitted in involuntary or voluntary treatment after first episode psychosis

IntroductionIndividuals experiencing psychotic symptoms often lack insight into their conditions, especially in first psychotic episodes. According to the Portuguese Mental Health Law, involuntary hospitalization may be necessary in cases of severe mental disorder, involving a threat to the patient or his/her legal assets, when there is a refusal of the necessary treatment.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to characterize patients admitted involuntarily for first psychotic episode and to compare them with the patients undergoing inpatient voluntary treatment.MethodsOut of a total of 87 patients diagnosed with first psychotic episode, hospitalized between 2020 and 2022 in our service, at Hospital Magalhães Lemos, 65 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria included patients from other residential areas. 40 patients were admitted under involuntary treatment, whereas 25 were hospitalized voluntarily. For both groups, we calculated the duration of untreated psychosis, the prevalence of psychoactive substance abuse, the type of treatment provided and the number of re-hospitalizations.ResultsPatients in involuntary treatment had longer duration of untreated psychosis (71 vs 38 weeks). Among these patients, 53% had comorbid psychoactive substance abuse, in contrast with only 36% of voluntarily treated patients. Upon discharge, 58% of patients in involuntary treatment were prescribed depot antipsychotic medication, whereas only 12% of the ones in voluntary treatment. Out of 40 patients admitted involuntarily, 11 were re-hospitalized, but only 4 of the 25 patients in voluntary treatment (28 vs 16%).ConclusionsPatients in involuntary treatment probably suffered from more severe disease, as seen for the higher duration of untreated psychosis and frequent comorbid substance abuse. Injectable medication was the preferred choice at the time of discharge for this group. Additionally, they experienced higher rates of re-hospitalizations. Recent changes in Portuguese Mental Health Law, that aims to safeguard the rights and responsibilities of individuals with mental health care needs, motivated this study.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared