Dropout Phenomenon Research Articles

The Factors Which Lead Students’ Dropout from Public Secondary Schools in Al’Ain City, Exploring It

For any instructive organization, understudies are generally significant. Colleges and schools have no an incentive without students. The instructive cycle is an incorporated interaction including the family, the school and the whole local area to arrive at viable yields. There are a number of factors that negatively affect at-risk students' retention in school and graduate such as socioeconomic status. Phenomenon of dropout where thousands of students dropped out is prevalent and constant in urban schools across the United States (Brown, 2015). This research is important for academic reason; it gives academic practitioners vital information that can be utilized to develop the education. The information was collected by interviews questions with students. The information collected were analyzed by using coding, theme and sub-nodes with Nvivo program. The research showed that the factors affect in Retention of secondary stage’s students in Al Ain.

Optimal H 2 filtering for sampled‐data systems with measurement delays and packet dropouts

This study examines the H2 filtering problem for sampled-data systems that are subject to measurement delays and packet dropouts. The phenomenon of packet dropout is different for each observation component and is described as an independent and identically distributed Bernoulli process, which is more general than the scalar packet dropout case. The reorganized observation technique is introduced herein to address the time delays in the observations. An optimal filter is constructed using a deterministic continuous-time system with finite jumps, where the filter gains are determined by integrating a specific continuous-time Riccati equation with finite jumps, based on a suitable algebraic Lyapunov equation. Compared with the discrete-time filter, the optimal filter can provide the state estimates of the measurement sampling intervals and measurement sampling moments. Two simulation examples are explored to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The learning behaviours of dropouts in MOOCs: A collective attention network perspective

Understanding the dropout phenomenon has advanced from viewing it as a sign of deficient quality to viewing it as an explicit sign of individual choice, which highlights the importance of investigating how dropouts learn in massive open online courses (MOOCs). Nevertheless, the short, limited and heterogeneous behaviours of individual dropouts create challenges for understanding how dropouts learn over time. Taking a systematic network perspective, this study used clickstream data to build a flow network model of collective attention to investigate how dropouts learn in XuetangX's Introduction to Psychology (2018 autumn). The results showed that the quantification of behavioural data presented a stereotypical image of dropouts, but the network analytics presented a rather different picture of how dropouts learn. Recognising the distinct roles of introductory learning resources could prevent dropping out and improve the accuracy of prediction models. Interestingly, the assessments embedded in the MOOCs performed a scaffolding role in guiding dropouts to learn. Thus, redesigning quizzes or examinations in open and flexible learning environments to construct a minimum cost network of collective attention is vital to making this online space cost effective for learners at risk.

A time‐driven FCA‐based approach for identifying students' dropout in MOOCs

In online learning, the dropout phenomenon is a relevant issue to address with practical solutions. Several data sets stimulate original, and resolutive data analysis approaches, demonstrating the importance of the dropout phenomenon. This study proposes a novel approach to predicting massive online open course (MOOC) students at risk of dropout stressing the need to consider the temporal dimension in the data log. The proposal aims to build a data-driven decision support system able to identify students at risk of dropout based on the conceptualization of such students' behavior and its evolution along the time dimension. The primary theoretical model behind the proposed method is the formal concept analysis, and its temporal extension (i.e., temporal concept analysis) for analyzing timestamped data and carrying out a timed lattice. The main result of the paper is a method to extract behavioral patterns of MOOC students at risk of dropout. Such patterns are defined as Time-based Behavior Rules extracted from the aforementioned timed lattice obtained through the preprocessing of MOOC platform log files. The resulting rule set can be easily integrated for implementing educational DSS, as shown in the last part of the paper. The conducted experiments reveal promising results in terms of F-score and students' monitoring time.

Generalized mixed‐effects random forest: A flexible approach to predict university student dropout

AbstractWe propose a new statistical method, called generalized mixed‐effects random forest (GMERF), that extends the use of random forest to the analysis of hierarchical data, for any type of response variable in the exponential family. The method maintains the flexibility and the ability of modeling complex patterns within the data, typical of tree‐based ensemble methods, and it can handle both continuous and discrete covariates. At the same time, GMERF takes into account the nested structure of hierarchical data, modeling the dependence structure that exists at the highest level of the hierarchy and allowing statistical inference on this structure. In the case study, we apply GMERF to Higher Education data to analyze the university student dropout phenomenon. We predict engineering student dropout probability by means of student‐level information and considering the degree program students are enrolled in as grouping factor.

Evaluating critical success factors in the permanence in Higher Education using multi-criteria decision-making

ABSTRACT University dropout is a phenomenon of growing interest due to the high financial costs that it involves for both families and states. Various variables have been studied in order to understand why this problem occurs. Satisfaction with the degree choice, study self-regulation and social adaptation within the university are some of the variables that are most important when studying the dropout intention. However, studying these variables is not an easy task and Fuzzy Inference Systems have helped by reducing the subjectivity of language. Therefore, the objective of this research is to adapt Fuzzy Inference Systems to improve knowledge about the intention to remain at university. We performed descriptive analyses, a classification tree and Multiple-criteria Decision-Making based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) on a sample of 1912 students from different universities in Spain. We saw a relationship between the three variables studied and the intention to remain. In conclusion, there is no single variable for understanding the phenomenon of university dropout, but several variables that interact within a holistic model.

Construction and Validation of an Arabic Questionnaire on the School Dropout Factors (QSD)

This article presents the principles of construction and validation of a questionnaire on the phenomenon of school dropout by illustrating various aspects from a measurement tool prepared to study the different factors of this reality. The standardized theoretical models were adapted and completed for the needs of the study. Educational institutions and, in particular, middle school must establish a clear vision and mission regarding the training that every social professional will demand. School has always played the role of a pupil’s education, but the fact that a significant number of secondary students are abandoning their programs without having completed their course of studies, is a specific symptom of an educational crisis that is occurring within them. For this reason, the present study aimed to validate a key tool to establish the causes, whether endogenous or exogenous as to why pupils leave college without having completed their qualification. Different aspects of validation are discussed: The acceptability by studying data concerning the description of school dropout, the validity of constructing a score on the causes of school dropout, the reliability of the components of the questionnaire, the validity of the construct of the tool. The full questionnaire, with the origin of the questions, instructions for the interviewers and coding mode are presented in the methodology. The questionnaire design, consisting to determine the reasons of early dropout Tunisian pupils. The questionnaire took into account the theoretical proposals of several scientific researches. The instrument developed was validated with a sample of 750 pupils (including 675 respondents) in Tunisian colleges with a national dropout rate of 10%. The respondents (317 girls and 358 boys) have an average age of 14.11 years. The 68 items questionnaire was designed to identify, among the population of pupils quitting their school, 7 categories of factors that potentially lead to Tunisian children dropping out, Institutional, Sociological, Economic, Personal, Family, Cultural and Geographical- with their respective subcategories. Knowing the reasons why college pupils abandon a middle school in particular will allow educational actors to analyze administrative and/or academic requirements and take mitigation measures to minimize school dropout.

A study of analysis of the dropout trend in government girls primary schools in district Mardan (Pakistan)

In this paper the dropout trend in Government Girls Primary Schools in District Mardan was analyzed through a descriptive research study. This study has investigated the class wise trend of dropout in Government Girls Primary Schools in District Mardan, Analyzed the reasons of the dropout trend and determined a strategy for minimizing the dropout trend. The research was conducted by using systems analysis as theoretical framework of this study. Population for the study consisted of all the10324dropouts. A stratified random sample of 300dropouts was drawn out of total population. Survey and questionnaires were used as tools for collecting data. Data regarding enrolment, dropouts and dropout rate was collected through survey. The researcher administered a self assessment Questionnaire on sampled dropouts to gather their perceptions regarding the dropout phenomenon in Government Girls Primary Schools in District Mardan. The study found the highest dropout rate(15.98%) in Kachhi which gradually falls downin class 2. But in class 3 it jumps to(8.64%) and then it keeps on increasing up to class 5. The perceptual analysis of the responses of the Questionnaires revealed that the factors were divided into three main categories i.e. the institutional problems and procedures: including; frequent failure in classes, unpleasant teaching learning processes, high level of difficulty of courses, harsh behavior of teachers and insecurity in schools; Home based factors: including; high poverty level of the parents, frequent migration of their families, and community factors such as Lack of immediate returns of schooling. The study recommended: Teachers' training focused on enhancing teachers' competency to retain students in schools; introducing academic monitoring system; adopting strategies for reducing absenteeism of students; Mass mobilization of parents towards schooling of their kids; provision of stipends; special schooling arrangements for migrating families and introduction of individualized teaching strategies for slow learners.

Analysis of the dropout trend in government girls primary schools in district Mardan (Pakistan)

In this paper the dropout trend in Government Girls Primary Schools in District Mardan was analyzed through a descriptive research study. This study has investigated the class wise trend of dropout in Government Girls Primary Schools in District Mardan, analyzed the reasons of the dropout trend and determined a strategy for minimizing the dropout trend. The research was conducted by using systems analysis as theoretical framework of this study. Population for the study consisted of all the10324dropouts. A stratified random sample of 300dropouts was drawn out of total population. Survey and questionnaires were used as tools for collecting data. Data regarding enrolment, dropouts and dropout rate was collected through survey. The researcher administered a self assessment Questionnaire on sampled dropouts to gather their perceptions regarding the dropout phenomenon in Government Girls Primary Schools in District Mardan. The study found the highest dropout rate(15.98%) in Kachhi which gradually falls down in class 2.But in class 3 it jumps to(8.64%) and then it keeps on increasing up to class 5. The perceptual analysis of the responses of the Questionnaires revealed that the factors were divided into three main categories i.e. the institutional problems and procedures: including; frequent failure in classes, unpleasant teaching learning processes, high level of difficulty of courses, harsh behavior of teachers and insecurity in schools; Home based factors: including; high poverty level of the parents, frequent migration of their families, and community factors such as Lack of immediate returns of schooling. The study recommended: Teachers’ training focused on enhancing teachers’ competency to retain students in schools; introducing academic monitoring system; adopting strategies for reducing absenteeism of students; Mass mobilization of parents towards schooling of their kids; provision of stipends; special schooling arrangements for migrating families and introduction of individualized teaching strategies for slow learners.

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS TO FIGHT SCHOOL DROPOUT CASE STUDY OF TAYSSIR PROGRAM IN ZAGORA PROVINCE

This paper aims to highlight the role of Tayssir program in fighting school dropout in Tamezmoute community, province of Zagora. The study based on sociological approach of social protection that focuses on analyzing local, social, and territorial conditions related to the school dropout phenomenon. By relying on a qualitative method, techniques of observation and semi-directed interview to collect data. The results showed that the receiving of cash transfers help the rural families so much to carry out educational supplies. Therefore, encourage their children to join the school, even though the weak value of Tayssir financial grant and the delay of its distribution, which affected their management of school needs.

The Role of the Academic Factor in Student’s Tendency to University Dropout

The Role of the Academic Factor in Student’s Tendency to University Dropout George S. Androulakis, Dimitra Ap. Georgiou, Pantelis Kiprianos, George Stamelos Abstract Dropout in higher education has got important dimensions worldwide. The problem has consequences on an individual, social and economic level and it is thus of significance to investigate students’ tendency to dropout before the decision to leave their studies is irreversible. Due to the complexity of the dropout phenomenon and the diversity of the influence exerted by different factors, arises intensively the need for a thorough comprehension of the mechanism and decomposition of the exerted intercorrelations. In regards to the above, this research aimed to analyze the effect of the variables within the academic spectrum on students’ tendency to dropout of their studies via hierarchical regression trees indicating both the sequence and intercorrelation. From the present work it emerged that the elements of the academic index exert a significant impact on students’ tendency to dropout via the sequence of level of study followed by the subject of study, the provision of knowledge to solve complex real-world problems, the feedback by professors on students’ work completed, the students’ perception of justice and reward in the evaluation procedures concerning them, the clarity of the educational goals and courses’ requirements as well as students’ satisfaction with the work of the teaching staff. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jehd.v10n1a5

The role of the College of Education in facing the phenomenon of school dropout - A field study on faculty members at the College of Education, Brak Al-Shati -: دور كلية التربية في مواجهة ظاهرة التسرب الدراسي – دراسة ميدانية على أعضاء هيئة التدريس بكلية التربية براك الشاطئ –

This study aims to know the role of the College of Education (Barak -Al-Shati) in the face of the phenomenon of school dropout, as well as to identify the social role of the college in facing the school dropout, and to know the reasons for the school dropout among college students, and the study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, and the questionnaire was taken as a tool for it for the purpose of collecting information from the community, which reached (23) singles only, and the sample of the study was (23) singles. By following the students ’achievement level and their discipline within the college, and family control is an important factor in preventing academic drop-out. In light of these results, the study recommends several recommendations, the most important of which are: The College of Education, Barak Al-Shati, should pay attention to developing students ’intellectual capabilities through various educational programs and activities, and work to raise the motivation for learning among students.

Static output feedback control of uncertain systems over uncertain communication links with guaranteed H∞ performance

AbstractThis article is concerned with the problem of robust static output feedback H∞ control for networked control systems (NCSs) by considering uncertainties in both controlled‐plant and communication subsystems. Markov chains are employed to model the bounded random network‐induced delays occurring in the communication channels. This modeling framework can be used to describe the packet dropout phenomena over a lossy communication channel as well. It is assumed that the transition probabilities of the Markov chains are uncertain but lying within given intervals. By utilizing the augmentation technique, the NCS model is transformed into a delay‐free Markovian jump linear system. A new sufficient condition is derived for the problem of robust H∞ control using static output feedback in NCSs with network‐induced delays. This design condition is expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities without requiring any constraints on the matrix variables. Furthermore, the proposed method is extended to the case of NCSs with bounded Markovian packet dropouts. Numerical examples are provided to make comparisons with other works and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.

The utility of non-formal education in addressing the school dropout phenomenon : a case study of Asifundeni Secondary School in Makonde District Zimbabwe

The study sought to explore students' views on the utility of non-formal education in addressing the school dropout phenomenon at secondary school level. Qualitative research approach was adopted and a case study design was utilised. The population consisted of all the students in the non-formal programme at the school from which a sample of 11 students (2 male and 9 female) was selected through purposive stratified sampling technique. Data were gathered through structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Non-formal education was seen to address the school dropout phenomenon by providing school drop outs with an opportunity to continue their education and hence becomes a form of empowerment. A number of challenges such as lack of adequate tuition in some subjects, lack of conducive learning environment as well as negative perception of non-formal education held by pupils in the formal stream and community members were identified. The study recommends that the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education should review the staffing situation in schools to ensure the availability of teachers in the various subjects in the non-formal stream. Schools should make an effort to provide appropriate learning facilities for students in the nonformal stream. Furthermore, schools should conscientise their communities on the importance of non-formal education.

Evasão ou permanência? Modelos preditivos para a gestão do Ensino Superior

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo propor modelos estatísticos preditivos para a gestão da evasão em cursos graduação de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior brasileira. Para isso, realizamos um estudo aplicado em quatro cursos de graduação a distância de uma Universidade pública brasileira. Levantamos os dados de 2.991 alunos a partir dos sistemas institucionais da Universidade e utilizamos o método de Regressão Logística Binária. Ao final, concluímos que, para diferentes cursos, variáveis distintas podem influenciar no fenômeno da evasão, bem como uma mesma variável pode gerar efeitos distintos em diferentes realidades. Além disso, os modelos estatísticos preditivos desenvolvidos permitiram a inferência “evasão” ou “permanência” para os alunos ativos na época da coleta dos dados. Em apuração parcial da acurácia dos modelos, identificamos que nove em cada 10 evasões que ocorreram foram identificadas previamente pelos modelos desenvolvidos. Isso evidencia o potencial para o uso de modelos preditivos na gestão da evasão estudantil, dando-se base para a revisão de políticas e gestão educacionais por meio da identificação das variáveis que influenciam a evasão e a permanência dos estudantes, bem como por meio da identificação precoce dos alunos em risco de evasão.

Robust $\mathcal {H}_\infty$ Filtering for Vehicle Sideslip Angle With Quantization and Data Dropouts

This paper studies the robust $\mathcal {H}_\infty$ filtering problem for the in-vehicle networked system with sensor failure, dynamic quantization and data dropouts. The nonlinear vehicle lateral dynamics is described as the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system. We assume that the sensor failure is adopted to present inaccurately work of the sensor, and both the measurement and performance output signals are quantized by the dynamic quantizers before being transmitted to the network channel. Moreover, the Bernoulli random binary distribution is considered to describe the data dropouts phenomenon both in the measurement and performance outputs. The proposed filter design method is given in the form of linear matrix inequalities which guarantee that the filtering error system is stochastically stable with $\mathcal {H}_\infty$ performance index. Finally, the co-simulation of the Matlab/Simulink and Carsim is used to validate the proposed filter design method.

The MOOC dropout phenomenon and retention strategies

ABSTRACT The high dropout rate from Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has been a major concern of researchers and educators over the years. Although academic papers on MOOCs have mushroomed over the past ten years, few studies have focused on MOOC dropout and retention. In particular, research on hospitality and tourism MOOCs has remained nascent despite the field’s significant contribution to international business and global employment. Because of the lack of relevant literature on hospitality and tourism MOOCs, this study conducts a systematic review of the MOOC literature on the broader education field, examining the MOOC dropout phenomenon and retention strategies. The results of a content analysis based on journal articles’ main research topic show four clusters: prediction, continuance intention, motivation, and attrition. Thematic analysis is used to categorize the dropout factors into seven major themes: learning experience, interactivity, course design, technology, language, time, and situation. This paper concludes with a summary of the results, recommendations, practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research.

Parameter Identification of a Strongly Nonlinear Rotor-Bearing System Based on Reconstructed Constant Response Tests

Abstract A strongly nonlinear rotor-bearing system often has multiple solutions under harmonic excitations and jump phenomena. For example, a hardening nonlinearity may include a jump-down in the acceleration process and jump-up in the deceleration process. It is challenging to measure all of these multiple responses and establish an accurate dynamic model from experimental data to predict these phenomena. This paper used a fixed frequency test method to measure all of these multiple responses under harmonic excitations and developed a novel strategy to characterize and identify nonlinearities in a strongly nonlinear rotor-bearing system based on reconstructing constant response tests from fixed frequency test data. The fixed frequency tests are achieved by monotonically increasing the voltage applied to the exciter at a fixed frequency and using the force drop-out phenomenon through the resonance to control the force applied to the structure. This test method could measure multivalued response curves of a strongly nonlinear rotor-bearing system in a nonrotating state. The constant response tests could be reconstructed from these multivalued response curves. The relationship of equivalent stiffness versus displacement can be established, and hence, the nonlinear stiffness is characterized and identified from constant response tests. A rotor-bearing system with a strongly nonlinear support is used to demonstrate the method, and the nonlinear support stiffness parameters are identified and validated in a nonrotating state. The identified nonlinear rotor-bearing model also could predict the jump phenomena in the acceleration or deceleration process. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach, and also show the potential for practical applications in engineering.

Measurement of the multivalued phase curves of a strongly nonlinear system by fixed frequency tests

The steady-state response of a strongly nonlinear system often has multiple solutions under harmonic excitation, which includes both multiple response amplitudes and multiple phases. Taking advantage of the force dropout phenomenon of electrodynamic shakers near resonance, a fixed frequency test method was proposed previously to measure the multivalued amplitude curves continuously. This method is further developed in this paper to measure the multivalued phase curves, which represent the degree by which the response lags the excitation, synchronously and continuously using the input voltage as the continuation parameter. The multivalued phase curve of a strongly nonlinear system is found to contain abundant information and is closely related to the multivalued amplitude curve. The phases of the response and excitation of a strongly nonlinear system are extracted accurately by the period resampling technique usually used in rotor dynamics tests. The phase shift of the electrodynamic shaker is large when the force drops out near resonance in fixed frequency tests. This phenomenon is used to measure the multivalued phase curves, together with the multivalued amplitude curves. An experimental test of a strongly nonlinear single degree of freedom system is used to demonstrate this method. The evolution of the phase curves and the corresponding relationship with the amplitude curves in fixed frequency tests are discussed. Numerical simulation is also undertaken to validate this method.

Stability Analysis of T–S Fuzzy Control System With Sampled-Dropouts Based on Time-Varying Lyapunov Function Method

In this paper, the stability problem of sampled data Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy control systems with packet dropouts is investigated. A sampling-dependent time-varying Lyapunov function (SDTVLF) is constructed to analyze the stability problem of the system and a switched system approach is proposed to model the packet dropouts phenomenon. On this basis, by dividing the sampling input available interval and unavailable interval into several segments, the matrix functions of the SDTVLF are chosen to be continuous piecewise linear. Then, by using the proposed SDTVLF approach, computable convex conditions are obtained for the sampling input unavailable interval and the sampling input available interval in framework of dwell time. By confining the sampling input unavailable interval with an upper bound and confining the sampling input available interval with a lower bound, the SDTVLF is always decreasing in all sampling input available and unavailable interval, which can make the sampled control system tolerate a larger packet dropout rate. A numerical example is provided to show the efficiency of the proposed results.