Droplet Size Analysis Research Articles

Potential of microemulsified entacapone drug delivery systems in the management of acute Parkinson's disease

ObjectiveTo design solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) of entacapone and evaluate for its anti-Parkinson's potentials. MethodsSolubility studies were performed in various vehicles i.e., oils, surfactants and co-surfactants and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were plotted to understand the microemulsion formation region. Liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) were developed using gingelly and rice bran oil as lipid vehicles, Tween 80 and Span 20 as surfactants and glycerin, propylene glycol as co-surfactants. They were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, pH, viscosity, zeta potential, polydispersibility index and droplet size analysis and evaluated for drug content, in-vitro release, in-vitro diffusion and ex-vivo permeation. Optimized liquid SMEDDS were converted into S-SMEDDS by adsorption and melt granulation procedures. Characterization by differential scanning calorimetry, SEM, micrometrics, reconstitution property, moisture content and evaluation by drug content, drug release kinetics and shelf-life were performed for S-SMEDDS. Parkinsonism was induced and pharmacodynamic potentials of S-SMEDDS were evaluated. ResultsS-SMEDDS formulation AG8 had shown the highest drug release of 90.92% within 60 min. Pharmacodynamic studies also proved the efficiency of entacapone S-SMEDDS against Parkinsonism. ConclusionsEntacapone S-SMEDDS is an effective drug delivery system that offers more predictable and extensive drug release with enhanced shelf-life in the treatment of acute Parkinsonism.

Performance study on particle size variables for nano multiple emulsions

ABSTRACTMultiple emulsions are of growing interest as potential delivery vehicles for active constituents. The objective of this study was to encapsulate a water-soluble substance as a functional ingredient in the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions with nano droplets, and the resultant characterizations have been determined. Emulsions have been generated using ultrasonic with different time, the prepared multiple emulsions have been characterized with microscopic analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, encapsulation efficiency, and rheology. Moreover, droplet size and conductivity analysis have been determined to measure stability. Results showed that multiple structures exist after ultrasonic. Furthermore, these nano multiple emulsions presented encapsulation efficiencies up to 60%, while oil droplets size was 320 nm. Rheology analysis showed dissimilar features of distinct particle size, while droplet size and conductivity analysis indicated a similar trend with the passage time. As a conclusion of this study, the results were encouraging towards development of a nano multiple emulsion encapsulate water-soluble active ingredient for cosmetics.

Effect of molecular exchange on water droplet size analysis as determined by diffusion NMR: The W/O/W double emulsion case

HypothesisThe accuracy of the inner water droplet size determination of W/O/W emulsions upon water diffusion measurement by diffusion NMR was evaluated. The resulting droplet size data were compared to the results acquired from the diffusion measurement of a highly water soluble marker compound with low permeability in the oil layer of a W/O/W emulsion, which provide a closer representation of the actual droplet size. Differences in droplet size data obtained from water and the marker were ascribed to extra-droplet water diffusion. ExperimentsThe diffusion data of the tetramethylammonium cation marker were measured using high-resolution pulsed field gradient NMR, whereas the water diffusion was measured using both low-resolution and high-resolution NMR. Different data analysis procedures were evaluated to correct for the effect of extra-droplet water diffusion on the accuracy of water droplet size analysis. FindingsUsing the water diffusion data, the use of a low measurement temperature and diffusion delay Δ could reduce the droplet size overestimation resulting from extra-droplet water diffusion, but this undesirable effect was inevitable. Detailed analysis of the diffusion data revealed that the extra-droplet diffusion effect was due to an exchange between the inner water phase and the oil phase, rather than by exchange between the internal and external aqueous phase. A promising data analysis procedure for retrieving reliable size data consisted of the application of Einstein’s diffusion law to the experimentally determined diffusion distances. This simple procedure allowed determining the inner water droplet size of W/O/W emulsions upon measurement of water diffusion by low-resolution NMR at or even above room temperature.

Preparation and In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation of Puerarin Solid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System by Spherical Crystallization Technique.

The aim of this work was to establish a method for preparing stable and controllable solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) by spherical crystallization technique, which was explored for promoting the dissolution, oral bioavailability, and process efficiency. Solubility test, preparation of liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (L-SMEDDS), and the obtained ternary phase diagrams test have been performed to screen and optimize the composition of LSMEDDS. The optimized formulation was used to prepare puerarin solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (Pue-SSMEDDS) by spherical crystallization technique. Droplet size and morphological analysis of the optimal Pue-SSMEDDS were determined to evaluate the final formulation. And the Pue-SSMEDDS was also assessed by flowability study, angle of repose, Carr's index, and flow velocity. Furthermore, the vitro dissolution and pharmacokinetic profile in vivo were analyzed. The study in vitro showed the Pue-SSMEDDS could disperse in the dispersion medium within 60s and was spherical with the particle size of 19.66nm and zeta potential of -28.3mV. It could keep stable at low temperature and seal condition for 3months. In vivo pharmacokinetic experiments of rats, the mean plasma concentration of self-microemulsion group was much higher than that of conventional tablets and could play a long-lasting efficacy, while there was no significant difference between the LSMEDDS and S-SMEDDS. The results suggested the potential of S-SMEDDS could improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug, such as puerarin.

Enhanced oral bioavailability of lurasidone by self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system in fasted state

Objective: The purpose of this work was to develop a new formulation to enhance the bioavailability and reduce the food effect of lurasidone using self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDSs).Methods: The formulation of lurasidone-SNEDDS was selected by the solubility and pseudo-ternary phase diagram studies. The prepared lurasidone-SNEDDS formulations were characterized for self-emulsification time, effect of pH and robustness to dilution, droplet size analysis, zeta potential and in vitro drug release. Lurasidone-SNEDDSs were administered to beagle dogs in fed and fasted state and their pharmacokinetics were compared to commercial available tablet as a control.Results: The result showed lurasidone-SNEDDS was successfully prepared using Capmul MCM, Tween 80 and glycerol as oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. In vitro drug release studies indicated that the lurasidone-SNEDDS showed improved drug release profiles and the release behavior was not affected by the medium pH with total drug release of over 90% within 5 min. Pharmacokinetic study showed that the AUC(0–∞) and Cmax for lurasidone-SNEDDS are similar in the fasted and fed state, indicating essentially there is no food effect on the drug absorption.Conclusion: It was concluded that enhanced bioavailability and no food effect of lurasidone had been achieved by using SNEDDS.

Spontaneous Formation of Nano-Emulsions Containing Task-Special Ionic Liquid and CO2 Capture in this Nano-Emulsions System

Nano-emulsions containing task-special ionic liquid ([NH2ebim][PF6]) were prepared by spontaneous emulsification. The stability of nano-emulsions was investigated by analysis of droplet size. The microstructure of the mixed solvent including the Triton X-100, n-butanol, and [NH2ebim][PF6] was demonstrated based on macular dynamic simulation. The results indicate that nano-emulsions are relatively stable to the droplet growth at static storage, but unstable under high centrifugal force. Simulation results from the macular dynamic calculation show that [NH2ebim][PF6] locates in the hydrophobic layer of Triton X-100 and n-butanol, which is available for enhancing CO2 mass transfer in an absorption process. Nano-emulsions were used as the absorbent to absorb CO2 in absorption experiments, and the absorption rates were investigated. The results show that nano-emulsion containing [NH2ebim][PF6] can enhance CO2 absorption rate compared to the system that pure water was used as the absorbent. The reason is attributed to the reversible chemical reaction between [NH2ebim][PF6] and CO2 on the interface of oil and water, which decreases the concentration of CO2 in the bulk so as to increase the mass transfer driving force between gas and liquid. Therefore, the chemical reaction on the interface of oil and water promotes the absorption process.

Effect of molecular exchange on water droplet size analysis in W/O emulsions as determined by diffusion NMR

Using NMR diffusometry, the diffusion of water and tetramethylammonium chloride was recorded in order to determine the water droplet size distribution in W/O emulsions. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of extradroplet diffusion of water on the estimated droplet size distribution upon comparison to the real droplet size distribution. The latter originated from the diffusion behavior of the tetramethylammonium cation (TMA+), which is known to have a much lower permeability through the oil phase as compared to water. Whereas both low-resolution and high-resolution pulsed field gradient NMR revealed that the water droplet size overestimation could be reduced selecting either a lower measurement temperature during diffusion analysis, or a smaller diffusion delay value Δ, still comparison to TMA+ diffusion indicated that artefacts were unavoidable even at low Δ and temperature. In order to correct for this extradroplet water diffusion phenomenon, different data analysis methods were evaluated. The previously described Pfeuffer exchange model could only partly compensate for the effect of extradroplet diffusion on the water droplet size determination. On the other hand, accurate water droplet size analysis results were obtained by correcting the experimentally determined diffusion distances based on Einstein’s diffusion law. As such, reliable data could be obtained by low resolution NMR based on water diffusion at or even above room temperature.

Controlled release of glaucocalyxin – a self-nanoemulsifying system from osmotic pump tablets with enhanced bioavailability

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a new formulation to enhance the bioavailability simultaneously with controlled release of glaucocalyxin A (GLA).Material and methods: In this study, controlled release of GLA was achieved by the osmotic release strategy taking advantage of the bioavailability enhancing capacity of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). The formulation of GLA-SNEDDS was selected by the solubility and pseudoternary-phase diagrams studies. The prepared GLA-SNEDDS formulations were characterized for self-emulsification time, effect of pH and robustness to dilution, droplet size analysis and zeta potential. The optimized GLA-SNEDDS were used to prepare GLA-SNEDDS osmotic pump tablet via direct powder compression method. The effect of formulation variables on the release characteristic was investigated. GLA-SNEDDS osmotic pump tablets were administered to beagle dogs and their pharmacokinetics were compared to GLA and GLA-SNEDDS as a control.Results: In vitro drug release studies indicated that the GLA-SNEDDS osmotic pump tablet showed sustained release profiles with 90% released within 12 h. Pharmacokinetic study showed steady blood GLA with prolonged Tmax and mean residence time (MRT), and enhanced bioavailability for GLA-SNEDDS osmotic pump tablet.Conclusion: It was concluded that simultaneous controlling on GLA release and enhanced bioavailability had been achieved by a combination of osmotic pump tablet and SNEDDS.

Improvement of the retention of ocimene in water phase using Class II hydrophobin HFBII

AbstractHydrophobins have exceptional surface activity with potential applications for food and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the effect of Class II hydrophobin HFBII on the retention of a volatile compound, ocimene in a water phase was investigated. We observed a negative gushing when 200 µg pure HFBII (κ‐grade) and 40 µg ocimene (assay ≥ 90%) was added to 1 L sparkling water with CO2 concentration of 7 g/L. The droplet size analysis of κ‐HFBII, ocimene and the mixture of them showed that the ocimene was emulsified in a solution containing κ‐HFBII. The stability of this emulsion was reduced in function of time and this effect was intensified by increasing the temperature and the presence of CO2. Additionally, the retention of ocimene in a HFBII rich solution was measured by SPME‐GC‐MS. When 0.26±0.03 mg HFBII/mL is added to ocimene solution, 43% of the original ocimene concentration (i.e. 5.9 × 10−6 mg/mL) remained in the solution after 3 days, and 32% after 7 days. In contrast, original ocimene concentration in solutions without HFBII was only retained 20% and 14%, respectively. It showed the potential of HFBII to incorporate insoluble flavour compounds in beverages and control their release. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Formulation and Evaluation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Naproxen


 Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) possess unparalleled potential in improving oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Following their oral administration, these systems rapidly disperse in gastrointestinal fluids, yielding micro or nanoemulsions containing the solubilized drug. The objective of the present work was to formulate a self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for naproxen. Naproxen SNEDDS were formulated using Labrafac PG (Oil), Span 80 (Surfactant) and propylene glycol (Co surfactant). The developed SNEDDS were evaluated for turbidimetry, droplet size analysis, zeta potential, refractive index, viscosity, drug content and in vitro diffusion profiles. All formulations of naproxen SNEDDS showed globule size in nanometric range, good stability with no phase separation and rapidly formed clear emulsion. All formulations showed more than 95% of drug release at the end of 60 min. The SEDDS showed improved dissolution rate compared to pure naproxen. Anti-inflammatory studies were conducted in Wistar strain male albino rats and ibuprofen SNEDDS showed more significant activity than the pure drug. The study illustrated the potential of naproxen SNEDDS for oral administration and its biopharmaceutical performance.

Formulation, Evaluation and Optimization of Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Felodipine

The aim of the present investigation is to develop a stable formulation for Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) in order to enhance the solubility and release rate of poorly soluble drug (felodipine). Solubility study was performed to select the oil, surfactant and co surfactant in which the drug is had highest solubility. The pseudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed to study the effect of change in a ratio of surfactant/co-surfactant on nanoemulsion formulation and to find emulsification area in phase diagram. The simplex lattice design was used to optimize the formulation and each formulation was evaluated for various physico-chemical formulation parameters like turbidimetric evaluation, droplet size analysis, drug content, effect of dilution and aqueous phase composition, viscosity, pH and self-emulsification. The results indicate that optimized fomulation as per simplex lattice design contained 23.81% oil (Labrafac PG), 57.14% surfactant (Cremophor EL) and 19.05% co-surfactant (PEG-400) having mean droplet size 26.13 nm, emulsification time 13 seconds, and % transmittance 99%. In vitro drug release indicates that more than 80% drug was released in less than 3 min. Keywords: In vitro drug release, poorly soluble drug, pseudo-ternary phase diagram, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), simplex lattice design.

Whey protein/polysaccharide-stabilized oil powders for topical application-release and transdermal delivery of salicylic acid from oil powders compared to redispersed powders.

Oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions are commonly converted into solid-like powders in order to improve their physical and chemical stabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate whether whey protein/polysaccharide-stabilized o/w emulsions could be converted into stable oil powders by means of freeze-drying. Moreover, during this study, the effects of pH and polymer type on release and trans(dermal) delivery of salicylic acid, a model drug, from these oil powders were investigated and compared to those of the respective template emulsions and redispersed oil powders. Physical characterization of the various formulations was performed, such as droplet size analysis and oil leakage, and relationships drawn with regards to release and trans(dermal) delivery. The experimental outcomes revealed that the oil powders could be redispersed in water without changing the release characteristics of salicylic acid. pH and polymer type affected the release of salicylic acid from the oil powders, template emulsions, and redispersed powders similarly. Contrary, the transdermal delivery from the oil powders and from their respective redispersed oil powders was differently affected by pH and polymer type. It was hypothesized that the release had been influenced by the electrostatic interactions between salicylic acid and emulsifiers, whereas the transdermal performance could have been determined by the particle or aggregate sizes of the formulations.

Development, characterization, and in vitro biological performance of fluconazole-loaded microemulsions for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a resistant form of leishmaniasis that is caused by a parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania. FLU-loaded microemulsions (MEs) were developed by phase diagram for topical administration of fluconazole (FLU) as prominent alternative to combat CL. Three MEs called F1, F2, and F3 (F1—60% 50 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 (PB) as aqueous phase, 10% cholesterol (CHO) as oil phase, and 30% soy phosphatidylcholine/oil polyoxyl-60 hydrogenated castor oil/sodium oleate (3/8/6) (S) as surfactant; F2—50% PB, 10% CHO, and 40% S; F3—40% PB, 10% CHO, and 50 % S) were characterized by droplet size analysis, zeta potential analysis, X-ray diffraction, continuous flow, texture profile analysis, and in vitro bioadhesion. MEs presented pseudoplastic flow and thixotropy was dependent on surfactant concentration. Droplet size was not affected by FLU. FLU-loaded MEs improved the FLU safety profile that was evaluated using red cell haemolysis and in vitro cytotoxicity assays with J-774 mouse macrophages. FLU-unloaded MEs did not exhibit leishmanicidal activity that was performed using MTT colourimetric assays; however, FLU-loaded MEs exhibited activity. Therefore, these MEs have potential to modulate FLU action, being a promising platform for drug delivery systems to treat CL.

Design, formulation, in vitro, in vivo, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of nisoldipine-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system

The aim of the present work was to prepare and optimize the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of poor aqueous soluble and less bioavailable nisoldipine to improve its solubility and bioavailability. The solubility of nisoldipine was assessed in various vehicles and ternary phase diagram was constructed to identify the efficient self-emulsifying region. The selected formulations were evaluated for self-emulsification time, droplet size analysis, and in vitro drug release profile. The optimized formulation ACP 19 had reduced particle size (118.3 ± 1.53 nm), when compared to PCT 08 (740 ± 1.16 nm). In vitro drug release study revealed that 98.05 ± 0.95 and 93.71 ± 1.05 % of drug was, respectively, released from ACP 19 and PCT 08 formulations at 24 h, whereas only 47.42 ± 0.65 % was released from drug in suspension. ACT 19 and PCT 08, respectively, showed 2.5- and 2.22-folds greater bioavailability than drug in suspension. PK Solver 2.0 was used for analysis of data obtained from in vivo study and the results revealed that both ACP 19 SNEDDS and drug in suspension fit into one-compartment pharmacokinetic model.

Application of Droplet Size Analysis for the Determination of the Required HLB of Lemon Oil in O/W Emulsion

Application of Droplet Size Analysis for the Determination of the Required HLB of Lemon Oil in O/W Emulsion

Formulation development and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of antioxidant coenzyme Q10.

Coenzyme Q10 (CQ10) is known as an endogenous cellular antioxidant, naturally found in every cell of the human body and plays an important role in maintaining human health. It is widely used as a nutritional supplement and pharmaceutical drug for various disorders like diabetes mellitus, carcinomas, neurodegenerative disorders etc. However, CQ10 is practically insoluble even in the presence of 5% sodium lauryl sulfate in water and poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The present research is aimed to formulate and evaluate self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of CQ10 primarily to improve its aqueous solubility, dissolution velocity as well as hepatoprotective activity and thus enhancing its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical values. Robustness to dilution, thermodynamic stability study, droplet size analysis and drug release were adopted to optimize liquid SNEDDS. Droplet size of the SNEDDS was found to be size less than 200nm and appeared round in shape without aggregation under transmission electron microscopy examination. Liquid SNEDDS were adsorbed on porous carrier to get solid SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS). S-SNEDDS gave rapid (>90%) drug release within 30min while pure drug was not practically dissolved within 1h. In vivo hepatoprotective activity showed that S-SNEDDS achieved the most liver protection as compared to the pure drug. Further S-SNEDDS was successfully converted to self nanoemulsifying mouth dissolving tablet. The enhanced solubility, dissolution velocity as well as hepatoprotective activity of CQ10, unravels the potential of S-SNEDDS as suitable carrier for enhancing nutraceutical and pharmaceutical values of CQ10.

Preliminary 1 month stability screening of cosmetic multiple emulsions (W/O/W) prepared using cetyl dimethicone copolyol and Polysorbate 80.

The objective of this work was to develop W/O/W emulsions with different concentration of paraffin oil, lipophilic (cetyl dimethicone copolyol) and hydrophilic emulsifiers (polysorbate 80) and to check their stability at different storage conditions. Approximately, 20 formulations (W/O/W) multiple emulsions were prepared, and their stability was checked at different storage conditions for the period of 30days. Stability of some multiple emulsions ME12, ME13, ME14, ME19 and ME20 was also checked with carbomer as viscosity-enhancing agent. Microscopic analysis for droplet size determination and rheological characterization of most stable multiple emulsions, that is, ME20 were also performed. It was observed that stability of multiple emulsion increases with the addition of gelling agent. Formulation (ME20) with 13.6% paraffin oil, 2.4% cetyl dimethicone copolyol and 0.8% polysorbate 80 was found more stable at 25°C and 40°C for the period of 30 days. Rheological analysis indicated a decrease in viscosity with the passage of time, while droplet size analysis indicated an increase in droplet size with the passage of time. As a conclusion of this work, a stable multiple emulsion with 13.6% paraffin oil, 2.4% cetyl dimethicone copolyol and 0.8% polysorbate 80 can be formulated and can be further studied for any active ingredient for cosmetic purposes.

Emulsification efficiency of adsorbed chitosan for bacterial cells accumulation at the oil-water interface.

The use of bacterial cell or biocatalyst for industrial synthetic chemistry is on the way of significant growth since the biocatalyst requires low energy input compared to the chemical synthesis and can be considered as a green technology. However, majority of natural bacterial cell surface is hydrophilic which allows poor access to the hydrophobic substrate or product. In this study, Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a representative of hydrophilic bacterial cells were accumulated at the oil-water interface after association with chitosan at a concentration range of 0.75-750 mg/L. After association with negatively charged E coli having a ζ potential of -19.9 mV, a neutralization of positively charged chitosan occurred as evidenced by an increase in the ζ potential value of the mixtures with increasing chitosan concentration up to +3.5 mV at 750 mg/L chitosan. Both emulsification index and droplet size analysis revealed that chitosan-E. coli system is an excellent emulsion stabilizer to date because the threshold concentration was as low as 7.5 mg/L or 0.00075% w/v. A dramatic increase in the surface hydrophobicity of the E. coli as evidenced by an increase in contact angle from 19 to 88° with increasing chitosan concentration from 0 to 750 mg/L, respectively, resulted in an increase in the stability of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by chitosan-E. coli system. The emulsion was highly stable even the emulsification was performed under 20% salt condition, or temperature ranged between 20 and 50 °C. Emulsification was failed when the oil volume fraction was higher than 0.5, indicating that no phase inversion occurred. The basic investigation presented in this study is a crucial platform for its application in biocatalyst industry and bioremediation of oil spill.

Evaluation of Lipid-based Drug Delivery System (Phytosolve) on Oral Bioavailability of Dibudipine.

The objective of present study was to evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters of dibudipine Phytosolve after oral administration in rats. The solubility test was carried out to select suitable oily solvent for dibudipine. Phytosolve formulation was prepared with a medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil (20%), soybean phospholipids (5%) and a 70% fructose solution (75%). The effect of polyol content on the mean globule size of Phytosolve formulation was studied. The optimized formulation was evaluated for robustness toward dilution, transparency, droplet size, zeta potential and transmission electron microscopic analysis. The Phytosolve of dibudipine with an average droplet size of 142.3 ± 4.3 nm and surface charge -18.36 ± 0.37 mv was administered orally to rats. The average relative bioavalabilities of dibudipine in the plasma with Phytosolve were 170.4% and 211.2% as compared to the oily solution and aqueous suspension respectively. So this formulation could be offered as a useful technique to improve the oral delivery of the poorly water soluble drugs such as dibudipine.

Characterization and evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying sustained-release pellet formulation of ziprasidone with enhanced bioavailability and no food effect

The purpose of this work was to develop self-nanomulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) in sustained-release pellets of ziprasidone to enhance the oral bioavailability and overcome the food effect of ziprasidone. Preformulation studies including screening of excipients for solubility and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams suggested the suitability of Capmul MCM as oil phase, Labrasol as surfactant, and PEG 400 as co-surfactant for preparation of self-nanoemulsifying formulations. Preliminary composition of the SNEDDS formulations were selected from the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The prepared ziprasidone-SNEDDS formulations were characterized for self-emulsification time, effect of pH and robustness to dilution, droplet size analysis and zeta potential. The optimized ziprasidone-SNEDDS were used to prepare ziprasidone-SNEDDS sustained-release pellets via extrusion-spheronization method. The pellets were characterized for SEM, particle size, droplet size distribution and zeta potential. In vitro drug release studies indicated the ziprsidone-SNEDDS sustained-release pellets showed sustained release profiles with 90% released within 10 h. The ziprsidone-SNEDDS sustained-release pellets were administered to fasted and fed beagle dogs and their pharmacokinetics were compared to commercial formulation of Zeldox as a control. Pharmacokinetic studies in beagle dogs showed ziprasidone with prolonged actions and enhanced bioavailability with no food effect was achieved simultaneously in ziprsidone-SNEDDS sustained-release pellets compared with Zeldox in fed state. The results indicated a sustained release with prolonged actions of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder treatment.