Driver's Seat Research Articles

Design of Driver Seat in Automobile Car

Driver seat in the automobile is an important system. There are so many parts in the driver seat which made it a complicated system. Adjustments as well as safety systems. A seat adjustment includes height adjustment, fore and aft adjustment, back recline adjustments. Safety systems include seat belts, air bags and advanced head restraints. Generally professional driver works more than eight hours per day of a week, therefore driver seat must be designed by considering all the parameters. Also uneven road condition induces the vibration in a vehicle transmitted to driver body. Poorly designed driver seat affects the driver health and psychological conditions of mind. Three main objectives of any driver seats are safety, health and comfort of driver. This paper presents all the parameters of driver seat such as anthropometry of human, ergonomics related parameters, seat materials, safety related parameters, comfort related parameters as well as weight and aesthetics with classifications and basics of driver seat.

A Review on Design and Analysis of Multifunctional Seats used in Military Vehicle

This paper is based on the study of Design and Analysis of Multifunctional Seats Used in Military Vehicle. Border Security Technologies are being adopted by every country to ensure the safety and sovereignty of their nation. It is crucial to study and understand the latest advancements in security technologies to effectively protect against evolving threats. Just as countries are advancing in defence the threats, they face are also evolving necessitating the upgrading of defence system. Multifunctional Special Vehicles play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of their crew during operational tasks. These vehicles are equipped with specially designed seats that offer a high level of protection in the event of collisions or explosive detonations. The proposed modular structure of these seats brings numerous advantages, including cost reduction using repeatable elements and the ability to easily customize seats with different functions. Moreover, this modular structure enables a faster restoration process in case of any damage. It is essential for the modules to be versatile and adaptable to various seat configurations, considering factors such as their location within the vehicle (e.g., driver's seat, troops' seats, system operators' seats), installation method (e.g., wall, floor, ceiling), and assembly direction (e.g., side mount, rear mount, bottom mount). Key Words: Analysis of Multifunctional Seat, explosion proof seat, absorb explosion energy, Study of Vibration, Human body Impact and Safety in Transport.

From suicide to accident – Case report – The significance of the medico-legal autopsies

IntroductionSuicide is the intentional and voluntary act of destroying one's own life, while an accident is an unintended event that involuntarily causes injury to one's health or destruction of life. Case presentationWe report a case of a 54-year-old male who was found in a forest in late November, approximately 500 m away from his car. He was positioned bent over a trunk of a tree with his head beneath the rest of his body. His pants were down to his knees, and there were soiled blades of grass and leaves on his body. Investigation of the case circumstances revealed that he had attempted suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning, using a hose connected to the exhaust pipe and running it through the window into the cabin. Window on the driver’s side was broken with glass particles on the driver's seat. Wrappers from “Rivotril” tablets, a generic benzodiazepine, were also found in the car.Autopsy revealed the following: postmortem hypostasis was of a cherry red color and well pronounced on the upper part of the front of the body and face. Numerous bruises, contusions, and erosions were present all over the body. Frostbites were especially pronounced in the knees and elbows area. The synovial membranes were partially bloodstained and reddish in color. Opening the stomach revealed erosions of the gastric mucosa (Wischnewsky sign).Chemical toxicological analysis detected presence of benzodiazepines and carboxyhemoglobin (25%). ConclusionBased on the autopsy findings, chemical toxicological analyses, and investigation of the case circumstances, it has been concluded that the death occurred due to the combined effects of hypothermia, postural asphyxia and carboxyhemoglobin and benzodiazepine intoxication. The manner of death in this case is a combination of accidental and suicidal, as the victim attempted suicide but ultimately died due to exposure to low external temperature.

Putting the child in the driver's seat: Insights into language development from children's interactions in preschool classrooms.

Children's own language production has a role in structuring the language of their conversation partners and influences their own development. Children's active participation in their own language development is most apparent in the rich body of work investigating language in natural environments. The advent of automated measures of vocalizations and movement have made such in situ research increasingly feasible. In this chapter, we review recent research on children's language development in context with a particular focus on research employing automated methods in preschool classrooms for children between ages 2 and 5 years. These automated methods indicate that the speech directed to preschool children from specific peers predicts the child's speech to those peers on a subsequent observation occasion. Similar patterns are seen in the influence of peer and teacher phonemic diversity on the phonemic diversity of children's speech to those partners. In both cases, children's own speech to partners was the best predictor of their language abilities, suggesting their active role in their own development. Finally, new research suggests the potential of machine learning to predict children's speech in group contexts, and to transcribe classroom speech to better understand the content of children's conversations and how they change with development.

Influence of Driver's Seat Front and Back Position on Safe Driving Behaviour

Influence of Driver's Seat Front and Back Position on Safe Driving Behaviour

AI-Driven Patent Law and Practice: Who is in the Driver's Seat?

AI-Driven Patent Law and Practice: Who is in the Driver's Seat?

Assessing the efficiency of TPI-NSI and NSI-TPI in isolating the vibration of driver's seat

Assessing the efficiency of TPI-NSI and NSI-TPI in isolating the vibration of driver's seat

Initial emergency training of traffic police officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of learning to drive a car. The object of the study is to train the initial actions of traffic police officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the management of operational vehicles in extreme situations. Formation of practical skills in emergency training in the event of extreme situations. The authors consider in detail the location of the driver in the car, substantiate recommendations for the correct landing of the driver, which ensures his readiness for emergency actions. The authors give practical recommendations on the location of the hands on the steering wheel, so that, without losing control of the steering wheel, the driver can interact with the controls of the car. The authors pay special attention to the formation of the so-called "stability triangle" in the student of emergency driving, which includes (shoulders pressed against the back of the seat; the left foot in a resting place; the heel of the right foot, resting on the floor). Research methods: the dialectical method of scientific cognition, a systematic approach and analysis were used in the research process. Taking into account the complexity of the problem under consideration, general scientific and private scientific methods are used in the study: logical method, synthesis, structural and functional analysis and modeling methods. Implementation of the proposed recommendations in the practice of emergency training. The main conclusions of the study are the methodological recommendations proposed by the authors on training at the primary stage of emergency training for traffic police officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The initial actions for the correct position of the body behind the driver's seat, methods of rotating the steering wheel with both two hands and one, as well as the development of practical skills in emergency training in the event of extreme situations are considered. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is their proposed methodology for teaching emergency training to traffic police officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The authors consider the technique of driving a car with one hand to ensure full control of the steering wheel. The novelty of the study lies in the disclosure of the basic methodological techniques of initial training in emergency driving, which allows drivers to predict and prevent possible traffic accidents.

Acceptance and Usability of a Soft Robotic, Haptic Feedback Seat for Autonomy Level Transitions in Highly Automated Vehicles.

Fully autonomous vehicles, capable of completing entire end-to-end journeys without the interference of a human driver, will be one of the biggest transforming technologies of the next decades. As the journey towards fully autonomous vehicles progresses, there will be an increase in the number of highly automated vehicles on the roads, requiring the human driver to take back control in situations, which cannot be handled by the vehicle autonomously. These human-robot take-over requests can lead to safety risks, in particular in scenarios when the driver fails to understand the take-over request and, hence, lacks situational awareness. This paper presents the acceptance and usability assessment of a haptic feedback driver seat capable of informing the driver of a take-over request through static mechano-tactile haptic feedback. The seat is equipped with an embedded array of soft pneumatic actuators, that have been fully modelled and characterised. The evaluation process of the haptic feedback seat engaged 21 participants who experienced both auditory and haptic feedback from the seat in a number of simulation experiments within a driving simulator. The vehicular technology was assessed through well-established methods to understand the acceptance (usefulness and satisfaction) and usability of the haptic feedback driver seat.

Evaluation of Road Roughness and Vehicle Speed Effects on Vibration Comfort of School Bus Driver Seats following the ISO 2631-1 Standard and Occupational Health and Safety Legislation

Human perception in terms of vehicle comfort problems is a significant issue for automotive manufacturers and academic researchers as evident from scientific papers available in the literature. In this study, the maximum vehicle speed is predicted for comfortable driving of school bus drivers at certain working conditions. First, a full-vehicle school bus model, which consists of a seat, vehicle body, wheels and suspension systems, is developed to evaluate vehicle seat comfort in accordance with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 2631-1 and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) legislation. Second, collected experimentally power spectrum densities of road roughness are converted to amplitude form in order to be an input to the developed full-vehicle model. Third, the frequency weighting factor, which is determined by International Organization for Standardization 2631-1, is applied to the calculated RMS acceleration of the seat. Finally, frequency-weighted RMS accelerations of the seat for various conditions of road roughness and vehicle speeds are obtained, and it is used to evaluate the bus driver seat comfort in accordance with ISO 2631-1. In addition, RMS accelerations of the bus driver seat are used to evaluate vehicle seat comfort in accordance with OHS legislation. It is concluded that the effects of vehicle speed and road roughness on comfortable driving are observed and maximum vehicle speed for comfortable driving decreases as the power spectrum density of road roughness increases. According to the results, measures to be taken in accordance with the OHS legislation are suggested.

The Holistic Empowering Methodological Approach (HEMA): Putting Participants in the Driver's Seat

This article presents the Holistic Empowering Methodological Approach (HEMA), which is philosophically informed by the concept of diversity by design; epistemologically and methodologically guided by hermeneutic phenomenology; and supported by the method of qualitative survey combined with the Single Question Aimed at Inducing Narrative (SQUIN) technique. This is a methodological conceptual article whereby the development and application of the HEMA is illustrated through the study that examined the learning and professional development experiences of disabled and neurodiverse PhD students in library and information science (LIS) programs amid the lingering COVID-19 pandemic and explored their academic lifeworlds. The article critically assesses the merits and shortcomings of the HEMA and provides other researchers with a roadmap for replicating the HEMA in every phase of research: from brainstorming to the selection of methods, to data collection, analysis, interpretation, and reporting. In so doing, the article also strives to reaffirm the vitality of rigorous qualitative methodology in studying underresearched, minoritized, and marginalized communities. From the scholarly worldview to specific methodological choices, this framework advocates for the type of research that puts participants in the “driver's seat,” giving them agency and providing the opportunity for self-definition and self-determination. The nuanced presentation of a holistic methodological approach, with particular attention paid to the issues of methodological rigor and quality control, will be of benefit to both beginner and seasoned researchers and can serve as an educational aid in research methods courses and dissertation supervision.

Improvement of ride quality for a wheel loader with semi-active cab isolation system via fuzzy self tuning of PID controller

Improving driver ride comfort of a wheel loader is important to avoid potential health hazards from the whole-body vibration. A fuzzy self-tuning of PID controller is designed to control the damping coefficient of Semi-active cab isolation system (SCIS) for a wheel loader. A dynamic model of a wheel loader is establish under survey conditions for analysis and evaluation. The r.m.s acceleration responses of the vertical driver's seat and pitch angle of vehicle body according to ISO2631-1 (1997-E) are chosen as objective functions. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is analyzed through simulations involving excitations for a random road profile in time domain. The proposed SCIS is simulated and analyzed by Matlab/Simulink software in comparison with a passive cab isolation system (PCIS) under survey conditions. The achieved results indicate that ride comfort effectiveness of a wheel loader with SCIS is better than PCIS under survey conditions. In addition, the study results are the initial basis for optimizing controller parameters.

New T-Cell Therapies for Brain Metastasis, CD133 in the Driver's Seat.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer therapy for some advanced cancers, but success is predicated on identifying the correct cell surface target. In a recent article, the authors leveraged the cancer stem cell surface antigen CD133 to develop a CAR-T therapy for brain metastasis. See related article by Kieliszek et al., p. 554.

Acoustic contrast control in two regions in car cabins

Personal audio systems that generate different sound zones in different regions have received much interest recently, especially in car cabins. The feasibility of creating a listening zone at the driver's seat and a quiet zone at the passenger's seat with the headrest speakers, door loudspeakers, and the combination of them is investigated in this manuscript. A finite element model of a car interior is created in COMSOL Multiphysics to obtain the acoustic transfer functions and the acoustic contrast control performances of 4 different speaker configurations are compared with each other. It is found that the 4 headrest speakers achieve better acoustic contrast control performance than the door speakers at low frequencies, while the sound pressure level distribution tends to be more uniform in the bright zone when using the door speakers.

Multi-channel active noise reduction system realizes the local area sound field control of the subway driver's cabin

Aerodynamic noise, air conditioning fan noise, and wheel-rail noise during subway operation have an adverse effect on drivers' physical and emotional well-being and can jeopardize the safe operation of vehicles. On the basis of the original passive acoustic treatment, multi-channel active control technology is used to manage the local sound field in order to further enhance the acoustic comfort of subway drivers' working environment. The multi-channel active noise reduction system installed on the driver's seat is described in this paper. In order to properly prevent the issues of ear pain and obstruction brought on by prolonged use of noise-canceling headphones, the system integrates reference sensors, error sensors, speakers, and a power amplifier within the headrest. The noise in the carriage is picked up using a multi-channel reference signal, and a low delay and anti-interference algorithm is investigated in accordance with the wide frequency band's characteristics and the abrupt change in sound pressure level when the vehicle is running. The test results demonstrate the system's ability to stabilize under situations of abrupt changes in driving noise and in-car broadcast, as well as to successfully minimize noise in the head area of subway drivers.

A unidirectional secondary sound source for local active noise control in enclosures

Directional secondary sources are beneficial for local active noise control in cabins with multiple seats. In this paper, a method of designing a unidirectional compound sound source composed of two units is introduced. A prototype was implemented using two closed-box speakers and an analog circuit, and the directivity of the compound source was measured in the anechoic chamber to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design method. Furthermore, the sound radiation characteristics of the compound sound source in a car cabin are reported and analyzed. The average sound pressure level at the driver's seat and rear seats is reduced by over 3.5 dB and 8.3 dB respectively in the frequency range from 125 Hz and 500 Hz when a single loudspeaker box located at the front passenger's seat is replaced by the compound sound source.

Supporting self-determination in mental health recovery: Strategies employed by occupational therapists.

Self-determination is a core component of mental health recovery and a predictor of positive outcomes. The literature calls for occupational therapists to lead practice change to greater recovery-orientation, including facilitating people's self-determination. However, systemic challenges thwart translation of policy into practice and therapists report a lack of confidence in implementing recovery-oriented principles. This study aimed to understand the strategies that mental health occupational therapists employ to support people's self-determination. Data were collected through an international on-line questionnaire principally comprising two open-ended questions designed to elicit deep reflective personal accounts. Participants were asked about an experience in which they supported a person's self-determination and the factors that either facilitated or hindered this experience. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, guided by constant comparative methods. Thirty-four therapists, predominantly from Australia (n = 30), participated. Therapists described supporting self-determination as a multifaceted process that involved: (1) working on myself, (2) working with the person, and (3) working with others. They emphasised that the combined use of various strategies across these three areas of work was important to support people's self-determination. Further, awareness of and addressing issues of power in their practice was key. This study supports the translation of recovery-oriented principles into practice by revealing the nuanced strategies implemented by occupational therapists striving to support self-determination. Participants employed diverse strategies to empower people to take the 'driver's seat' in their mental health recovery journey. Insights from this study will support other occupational therapists to actualise recovery-oriented principles and better support self-determination in their practice. To effectively implement self-determination strategies, therapists must reflect on and address existing power differentials within mental health services, particularly between themselves and the people they support.

소량생산 로드스터의 스페이스 프레임 전산 충돌 모의해석

This study conducts computerized crash analysis and actual crash tests on small-production vehicles. Accordingly, the results are graphically compared to see whether they are coherent. The analysis methods were designed based on the 2016 Hyundai Ioniq Electric vehicle. The computer simulation considered a frame constructed using shell elements, bumper constructed using solid elements, and bumper connector, which were analyzed using the finite element method. Subsequently, a fixed wall frontal crash test was conducted with placing male dummies on both the driver's seat and left side. Similar trends were detected by comparing the computer simulated crash and actual crash test analysis results. Finally, we confirmed that graphs with similar trends were generated.

Research on the study of frontal collision between a vehicle and a fixed rigid barrier

The paper presents a part of the research conducted in order to establish a methodology for studying the frontal collision for a particular case. Thus, an experimental test methodology was developed considering a frontal collision between a vehicle and a fixed, rigid barrier. Two anthropometric testing devices (ATDs) were placed in the vehicle (one in the driver seat and the other one in the back seat), in order to evaluate the kinematic and dynamic parameters that characterize the occupants’ behaviour in such collision. Based on the vehicle's final position after the collision, a computational simulation was performed using the PC-Crash software program. The obtained results were then compared with the data provided by the video recording of the experimental testing, in order to validate the computational simulation as a method for reconstructing road vehicle accidents

Method for selecting the damping characteristics of the pneumohydraulic suspension system of a wheeled vehicle

BACKGROUND: In the process of developing suspension systems for modern high-speed wheeled and tracked vehicles, having the selected optimal elastic characteristic curve of the suspension system, its unsatisfactory damping characteristic curve can have a significant negative impact on the overall operation of the suspension unit. Therefore, the search for a method for obtaining the optimal damping characteristic curve is a relevant task.
 AIMS: Description the method for selecting the damping characteristic curve of a single-level pneumohydraulic spring for a wheeled vehicle considering the motion along tracks with a harmonic profile and a rough cobblestone road.
 METHODS: The damping characteristic curve of the spring is selected using simulation mathematical modeling in the MATLAB/Simulink software, which makes it possible to take into account the nonlinearity of the suspension characteristics. In the process of building the characteristic curve, the limit values of the forces at the front wheels tires are fixed for the sections of the characteristic curve that operate with the valves of the pneumohydraulic spring turned off. Accelerations at the driver's seat and the pressure in the spring chamber are fixed for the sections of the characteristic curve that operate with the valves are turned on.
 RESULTS: The results of the selection of an optimized damping characteristic curve showed an improved contact of the wheels with the surface and an increase in the stability of the vehicle, a decrease in vibration accelerations at low disturbance frequencies.
 CONCLUSIONS: The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of using this method to develop suspension systems for new wheeled and tracked vehicles.