Driver Circuit Research Articles

Modelling, simulation and hardware analysis of misalignment and compensation topologies of wireless power transfer for electric vehicle charging application

Electric vehicles (EVs) are one of the most effective means for reducing pollution and promoting sustainable transportation in developing nations. Researchers have been paying close attention to the rapid advancement of Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology because it offers a workable solution to the challenges preventing the development of EVs. EV charging uses WPT technology that transmits electricity from the source to the load (battery) using mutual induction and does not require cables or other physical connections. Power pads, misalignment, and compensation topology are technical obstacles to EV wireless charging. In this manuscript, mathematical calculations, simulations, and experimental implementation have been done for the wireless charging of EVs. Ansys Maxwell®3D and MATLAB®/Simulink software are used to simulate various parts of the system. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using Ansys Maxwell is used to design an existing rectangular power pad. Ansys Maxwell calculates multiple parameters such as self-inductance, mutual inductance, coupling coefficient, and magnetic flux of the transmitting and receiving coils at different misalignment positions. MATLAB®/Simulink has been used to develop a series-series compensation WPT model through which the output power and efficiency of the rectangular power pad at different misalignment positions are estimated. The experimental setup uses a DC power supply, high-frequency (HF) inverter, driver circuits, compensation circuit, MSO, power pad setup, rectifier, and resistive load to verify the simulation results.

A dual source fed eleven level switched capacitor multilevel inverter with voltage boosting capability

This work introduces an 11-level switched-capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) designed for solar photo-voltaic (PV) applications, capitalizing on the growing popularity of multilevel inverters due to their superior power quality. With a 1.67-times boosting capability, the proposed SCMLI employs 10 switches, 2 DC supplies, and 2 capacitors to achieve an 11-level output voltage waveform. The topology requires only seven driver circuits, incorporating 2 bidirectional switches and 3 complementary pairs of switches. The proposed inverter has intrinsic capacitor self-balancing features since the capacitors are connected across the DC voltage source at different times throughout a basic cycle to charge the capacitors at a level of input voltage. A thorough comparison between the topology and recently developed SCMLI’s has been presented. The comparison demonstrates the effectiveness in terms of switches, capacitors, sources, efficiency, total standing voltage (TSV), and boosting capacity. To experimentally validate its performance, the suggested SCMLI undergoes testing using a frequency-based switching method. The topology exhibits low total harmonic distortion (THD) of 7.65% in its output voltage waveform and 0.89% in the output current waveform.

An asymmetrical multilevel inverter with minimum voltage stress and fewer components for photovoltaic renewable-energy system

Abstract The enhanced power quality provided by multilevel inverters (MLIs) has made them more appropriate for medium- and high-power applications, including photovoltaic systems. Nevertheless, a prevalent limitation involves the necessity for numerous switches and increased voltage stress across these switches, consequently increasing the overall system cost. To address these challenges, a new 17-level asymmetrical MLI with fewer components and low voltage stress is proposed for the photovoltaic system. This innovative MLI configuration has four direct current (DC) sources and 10 switches. Based on the trinary sequence, the proposed topology uses photovoltaics with boost converters and fuzzy logic controllers as its DC sources. Mathematical equations are used to calculate crucial parameters for this proposed design, including total standing voltage per unit (TSVPU), cost function per level (CF/L), component count per level (CC/L) and voltage stress across the switches. The comparison is conducted by considering switches, DC sources, TSVPU, CF/L, gate driver circuits and CC/L with other existing MLI topologies. The analysis is carried out under various conditions, encompassing different levels of irradiance, variable loads and modulation indices. To reduce the total harmonic distortion of the suggested topology, the phase opposition disposition approach has been incorporated. The suggested framework is simulated in MATLAB®/Simulink®. The results indicate that the proposed topology achieves a well-distributed stress profile across the switches and has CC/L of 1.23, TSVPU of 5 and CF/L of 4.58 and 5.76 with weight coefficients of 0.5 and 1.5, respectively. These values are notably superior to those of existing MLI topologies. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed topology maintains a consistent output at varying irradiance levels with FLCs and exhibits robust performance under variable loads and diverse modulation indices. Furthermore, the total harmonic distortion achieved with phase opposition disposition is 7.78%, outperforming alternative pulse width modulation techniques. In summary, it provides enhanced performance. Considering this, it is suitable for the photovoltaic system.

Lifetime Optimization of Optical Sensing System With Highly Reliable a-Si:H TFT-Based Optical Sensor and Driver Circuit in Large AMLCDs

Lifetime Optimization of Optical Sensing System With Highly Reliable a-Si:H TFT-Based Optical Sensor and Driver Circuit in Large AMLCDs

A Single DC Source Gradient Driver Circuit With Boosting Output Capability for MRI Applications

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems gradient driver (GD) circuits, which drive current through gradient coils, have essential roles in imaging quality and speed. They drive large current values, higher than 1000 A, with high fidelity to the commands, low current ripples, and fast transient responses, which lead to high voltage values, larger than 2 kV, to properly drive the coils. Till now, some solutions with parallel and stacked structures have been reported to fulfill such requirements, which need several independent isolated voltages to deliver the necessary output current. Thus, other parts are generally needed to generate these voltages, separately. Here, a new GD circuit with only a single independent voltage source and output voltage boosting capability is proposed to drive such gradient coils. It reduces the semiconductor and magnetic element counts, in the MRI gradient driver power chain. It also reduces the pulsed power demand from the facility, by storing energy. The proposed circuit has been mathematically analyzed, here. A 2.34 MVA,1300A/1800 V GD circuit has been designed and simulated based on the proposed topology to verify its performance. Finally, a laboratory 700 V, 10 A scaled-down prototype converter has been implemented, based on the proposed topology to verify the given analyses and simulation results.

Solar and Wind Power Electric Vehicle

This project concerns a vehicle, the “Solar and Wind Power Electrical Vehicle,” whose operation is controlled using IoT. The principal purpose is to use renewable forces for vehicle movement. There is an ESP32 microcontroller that connects to two electric engines and a motor driver enabling precise commands in the structure. Furthermore, the car consists of a solar battery panel and a wind turbine providing sustainable and ecological energy production. Our main objective is to build a car that uses no oil or gas at all since it can run on something more unconventional, such as solar power, wind energy, etc.; thus, the focus of this project is on creating a green car that will not use fuel made from fossil fuels like petrol or diesel while making sure that it works using only sustainable sources of energy available today. The motor driving system integrates the ESP32 module into the motor speed adjustment circuit (MSAC), which acts as an electronic hub for both motor control signals and serial communication codes between the motor and the CPU (central processing unit) on a single chip. Remote car control using just your phone is possible because IoT connects it. When connected, the driver can have control over each motor's direction individually such that they are interconnected with the two motors by default on the driver circuit board (or the relation may occur by default). Consequently, the vehicle gets an increased capacity for navigating various surfaces more effectively this way—The two engines act as an independent supposing of its configuration. If you want it to move off the road or even on hilly ground, this car would do so easily because there is a mechanism that makes it easier for her to move on such surfaces. It is equipped with a solar panel and wind turbine, allowing the car to be powered by renewable energy from its environment. During the day, the sun charging system converts sunlight into electricity, whereas during the night the wind generator creates power from wind when there is some wind. The stored energy can be preserved in accumulators.

A Comprehensive Analysis of GaN-HEMT-based Class E Resonant Inverter using Modified Resonant Gate Driver Circuit

A Comprehensive Analysis of GaN-HEMT-based Class E Resonant Inverter using Modified Resonant Gate Driver Circuit

Структура и элементная база приёмо-передающего модуля для организации подводной оптической беспроводной системы передачи данных

In the paper, the results of theoretical study of a wireless optical data transmission channel, as well as experimental study of its characteristics, taking into account different configurations of the optical component base of receiving and transmitting modules, were presented. The model of the wireless underwater optical communication channel with pulse-position modulation (4 bits per symbol) of digital data traffic with 100 Mbps is proposed. The model showed that to organize a communication channel on a 10 m path, the use of an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is requires (the amount is up to 20 LEDs). For this case, a sufficiently large route budget will be provided, even with additional factor that reduce the efficiency of light propagation in seawater. The LEDs were chosen to organize the data transmission channel, since they have a wide radiation pattern and allow the implementation of a relatively simple driver circuit. The required optical radiation power is realized with the use of an array of LEDs. Schematic diagrams of the LEDs driver and power supply for the receiving and transmitting modules have been designed. A measuring layout with optical transmitter and receiver blocks has been implemented. The test signal is a regular sequence of pulses with a duty cycle of 2, and a frequency of 1 MHz. In the receiving module, the signal from the output of the pin photodiode is amplified using a wideband operational amplifier. Sets of 3 pin photodiodes and 10 LEDs were selected and tests were carried out to determine options for optical components that provide the best time characteristics of the output electrical signal in terms of delay time, rising and falling edges of pulses in a wireless optical airborne communication channel. Also, measurements were done on an air path with a length of 0.25-3 m using one or two LEDs as part of the transmitting module. It has been experimentally confirmed that the organization of a communication channel with a length of up to 10 m requires about 15-20 light-emitting diodes. Further study involves the designing and testing of a driver for the LEDs array and a prototype transceiver module.

Adaptable Dual-Tuned Optically Controlled On-Coil RF Power Amplifier for MRI.

An adaptable optically controlled RF power amplifier (RFPA) is presented for direct implementation on the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) transmit coil. Operation at 1H and multiple X-nuclei frequencies for 7T MRI was demonstrated through the automated tuning of an effective voltage-modulated inductor located in the gate driver circuit of the FET switches in the different amplification stages. Through this automated tuning the amplifier can be adapted from the control to operate at the selected 1H and X-nuclei frequency in a multinuclear MRI study. Bench and MRI data acquired with the adaptable dual-tuned on-coil RFPA is presented. This technology should allow a simpler, more efficient and versatile implementation of the multinuclear multichannel MRI hardware. Ultimately, to extend the research on MRI detectable nuclei that can provide new insights about healthy and diseased tissue.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 1.7KVA PURE SINE WAVE INVERTER USING PULSE WIDTH MODULATION TECHNIQUE

This project is targeted on the design and construction of 1.7kVA pure sine wave following the high demand of constant and pure electricity sources for consumer homes or small commercial. The inverter ensures clean pure solar energy is converted from DC sources to AC voltages that can be used in consumer devices. The methodology that was adopted to achieve this project construction is the pulse-width modulation technique, which ensures that DC signals is fed to a MOSFET driver circuit which then produces AC signals. This current is then stepped up by a transformer to produce the desired 220 volts AC output voltage. The transformer we used also ensures that the inverter system can take up a load of 1.7kva. We found out that most inverters in the market produce a modified sine wave signal, therefore we used capacitor filters to ensure we obtain a clean pure sine wave as our output. We recommend that consideration should be made to the load being used for the inverter to ensure it doesn’t exceed its capacity. Also, an improved IC and MOSFET system can be used to obtain smother AC results. The aims and objectives of this project were all achieved at the conclusion of the project.

Speed and Direction Control of DC Geared Motor Using WiFi Module

This study covers the design and implementation of a remote brush direct-current (DC) motor speed control platform that is WiFi-based.[1] The NODE MCU, battery, dummy, chassis, and motor driver circuit(L293D) are the parts that make up the platform. The main processor, NODE MCU, is configured with Linux to provide remote control and speed feedback of the motor within a WiFi environment.[2] This article then uses socket technology to realize the processor's communication with the remote client.[3] The encoder and speed meter record the geared DC speed, which is measured by the speed sensor. This article provides a detailed description of the development process of the networked control platform. The platform's feasibility is verified through experimentation using the findings.

Solid State Pulsed Power Modulator With High Repetition Rate and Short Pulse Width for High-Speed Pulsed Lasers

This paper proposes a modular pulsed power modulator (PPM) with a short pulse width and high repetition rate for pulsed lasers. The presented PPM is based on the modular structure to use semiconductor switches with low voltage ratings since these switches have fast switching speed which is an essential requirement to generate short pulses. In addition, to make a short gate signal which is also needed to generate short pulses, a gate driver circuit which applies positive and negative voltages asymmetrically is proposed. Moreover, a heatsink structure to minimize the parasitic capacitances is presented for the high repetition rate. Furthermore, a DC-DC converter for the modular PPM is developed, which connects transformers in parallel at the primary side to achieve voltage balance without any compensation circuit. Experimental results from a 5 kV PPM with the pulse width below 20 ns and repetition rate of 1 MHz are presented to verify the proposed works.

LIFETIME PREDICTION OF SINGLE-STAGE LED DRIVER CIRCUIT USING BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORK

In light-emitting diode (LED) lighting, the driver commands the lifetime and the LED bulb. It is essential to predict the driver's lifetime during its design stage. This paper proposes a viable method to predict the lifetime of the LED driver based on its failure rate. A novel single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) integrated parallel ripple cancellation circuit (PRC) topology of 30 W is considered to estimate the lifetime of the driver circuit. The failure rate model is regarded as a base to predict the lifetime of LED drivers using Bayesian belief network (BBN) analysis. The weakest links are the prime components to estimate the lifetime, and they are active devices and capacitors employed in the driver circuit. The output capacitor is considered a degree of importance as per the existing literature, and the proposed course has been designed without using any electrolytic capacitor (EC) to enhance the reliability of the driver circuit. This approach ensures an effective way to access the mean time to failure (MTTF) or the lifetime of the LED driver in a lucrative manner.

Mekanik Tahrikli Rastgele Kısa Desen Yapan Makine Prototipi

One of the important producers of the industrial industry in our country is the textile sector. The importance of the textile industry for our country is growing day by day with increasing production and employment. In order to keep up with this growth, manufacturers need to go beyond their existing systems, show their differences and make the right innovations in their production. Considering these values, changes to be made in the yarn structure or dyeing process come to the fore. In this study, the dyeing process is discussed. Weaving and home textiles, which are an important part of the textile industry, have a wide market. There are different dyeing systems that have an important market for the products made in these areas. Spaced and smart painting, which are among these painting systems, do not meet the needs in the desired direction. A new machine design is needed to provide the desired features. In the study conducted in this direction; A commercially unavailable machine has been implemented, designed and manufactured to generate random short patterns with mechanical drive. In project scope; First of all , the paint stand to be integrated into the system was designed . Different yarn lifters and godet systems have been designed. Paint container, drive system and electronic panel are also mounted on the system. In addition, new software has been developed within the scope of the project to provide automatic control of the system. Studies were carried out with PLC and Arduino electronic circuit board. In the first stage, motor driver circuits were designed with PLC and Arduino. Then, with the software loaded on the PLC and Arduino processor board, the frequency values to be given to the inverter were started by changing the threshold ranges we wanted. Lifters and painting cylinders are connected to each other so that the same sequence is not repeated. Thus, in this study carried out in line with the needs, both a new machine and a new textile product with different dye patterns emerged.

A Low-Power SAR ADC with Capacitor-Splitting Energy-Efficient Switching Scheme for Wearable Biosensor Applications.

A low-power SAR ADC with capacitor-splitting energy-efficient switching scheme is proposed for wearable biosensor applications. Based on capacitor-splitting, additional reference voltage Vcm, and common-mode techniques, the proposed switching scheme achieves 93.76% less switching energy compared to the conventional scheme with common-mode voltage shift in one LSB. With the switching scheme, the proposed SAR ADC can lower the dependency on the accuracy of Vcm and the complexity of digital control logic and DAC driver circuits. Furthermore, the SAR ADC employs low-noise and low-power dynamic comparators utilizing multi-clock control, low sampling error sampling switches based on the bootstrap technique, and dynamic SAR logic. The simulation results demonstrate that the ADC achieves a 61.77 dB SNDR and a 78.06 dB SFDR and consumes 4.45 μW of power in a 180 nm process with a 1 V power supply, a full-swing input signal frequency of 93.33 kHz, and a sampling rate of 200 kS/s.

RED FOX-BASED FRACTIONAL ORDER FUZZY PID CONTROLLER FOR SMART LED DRIVER CIRCUIT

Recently, traditional lighting has been replaced by high-power LED (HPLED) due to its significant developments, prolonged lifetime, high brightness, high reliability, and high energy efficiency. Even though conventional converters can precisely match each LED's current, they have some limitations when driving a long string of LEDs. To solve this issue, this paper presents a novel red fox optimized fractional order fuzzy PID Controller (RF-FOFPID) based high gain improved transformerless dc-dc (ITDC) boost converter for a smart LED driver circuit with optimal voltage regulation capability. The error bias is increased to zero by applying FOPID to the fuzzy logic-based compensation steps. The Red Fox optimization algorithm is used to adjust the control parameters of the fractional-level fuzzy PID controller with higher precision to solve limited problems with diverse search spaces. The Simulink model of the proposed converter was created using the MATLAB software tool Simulink and compared with controllers using fractional order PID, fuzzy PID, and conventional proportional integral derivative (PID). The results demonstrated that in terms of minimum overshoot, settling time, rise time, and steady-state error, the proposed converter based on RF-FOFPID outperforms current converters in voltage regulation.

Application of High-Speed Gallium Nitride Devices in Mass Spectrometry Sweeping Mode

Quadrupole mass spectrometers are widely used, and voltage scanning is their traditional working mode. By fixing the scanning voltage frequency and changing the value of the RF voltage, ions with different mass numbers can reach the detector in sequence, achieving ion selection. When analyzing high-mass molecules, several kilovolts of scanning voltage are required, which is not conducive to the miniaturization and safety of the instrument. By selecting the frequency of the scanning RF power supply and fixing the value of the RF power supply voltage, ion selection can be achieved by changing the frequency of the RF power supply, enabling miniaturized mass spectrometry analysis of high-mass molecules. In this paper, a high-speed gallium nitride driver circuit for frequency scanning mass spectrometry analysis is designed. The NCP51820 high-speed gate driver and INN650D140A gallium nitride MOS tube are selected to form a full-bridge driver, realizing a quadrupole rectangular wave RF power supply. The system has a maximum withstand voltage of 650 V and a frequency range of 400 K–4 MHz, allowing for scanning measurements of mass numbers ranging from 3 to 606 amu.

High-Stable Gate Driver Circuit for Emission of AMOLED Displays

High-Stable Gate Driver Circuit for Emission of AMOLED Displays

Adjustable High-Power Light Emitting Diode Driving Circuit and Its Lighting Application in Sports Venues

High-power LED not only has the characteristics of energy saving, environmental protection, long service life, and high reliability, but also has the advantages of high light efficiency and large conduction current. According to the characteristics of high-power LED, an adjustable high-power LED driving circuit is designed in this study. The chip adopts the Boost circuit structure driven by constant current, and the output current on a single channel is converted into voltage by using the sampling resistor on the LED path and fed back to the circuit. After passing a mirror current independent of temperature through a resistor, the reference voltage source is obtained by voltage division. When designing the LDO circuit of voltage regulator, modules such as front-end voltage conversion circuit and input under voltage protection circuit are added. When designing the soft start circuit, the output voltage of the soft start replaces the output of the error amplifier and is connected to one end of the PWM comparator. In the design of dimming circuit, PWM dimming technology is adopted, and the DIM pin is connected to low level when there is no PWM signal. In the experiment, the lowest level of soft start is 0.78 V, the highest bit is 1.35 V, and the period is 374.6 us. When VIN = 8 V, the output voltage can be adjusted to 40 V in one period based on soft start, which meets the starting requirements of the driving circuit. When the DIM pin is connected with a PWM dimming signal with a duty ratio of 90% and a frequency of 10 kHz, the output current of the LED light is in a relatively stable state. Applying the designed LED driving circuit to the lighting of sports venues can meet the requirements of daily events and training, and has advantages in energy saving and environmental protection.

Fully Digitalized Optoelectronic Angular Position Sensor and Its Application in Real-Time Gait Recognition

The optoelectronic angular position sensor, as a component for integrated optical-electromechanical angle measurement, operates by converting angle position information into optical signals through a photonic code disc. Subsequently, these optical signals are transformed into electrical signals through photoelectric conversion to measure axial rotation information. This study proposes a fully digitalized optoelectronic angular position sensor, wherein Moore stripes are digitally subdivided, and high-order inner ring angle division employs Gray code encoding. A photoelectric diode array serves as the sensing element, corresponding one-to-one with the encoding channels on the code disc. The output of the photoelectric diodes is binarized through comparator processing, thus converting it into encoded electrical signals. Hardware implementation utilizes PIN photosensitive diodes as sensing elements, designs a laser driver circuit, and employs the 74HCT165 chip for serial-to-parallel conversion. The FPGA program is debugged using JTAG, and the program is solidified on an external EPCS1S18 chip through AS downloading. The LDO chips AMS1117-3.3 V and AMS1117-1.2 V power the FPGA chip. The CH341 chip is used for interface conversion between the FPGA and PC. In experiments, when the fully digitalized optoelectronic position sensor is installed, the voltage output of approximately 2.2 V meets the sensing response requirements after optical path attenuation. After data transmission, the results are correctly displayed on the host computer. The designed sensor is applied to gait recognition through tests involving single-person walking, two-person walking, and mixed walking. The results show an accuracy rate exceeding 95%, indicating its suitability for gait recognition in footprints.