Drip Pan Research Articles

Flash Mob Science: from Landmarks to Love Hz

Abstract There is a little seismologist in everyone. One secret to unlocking a student’s science potential at the undergraduate level is to offer laboratory exercises that leverage the inspiration, team spirit, and creativity already present in the current generation of incoming college students. In this lab exercise we do that by using smartphones to cause a bit of scientific mischief. In the Flash Mob Science seismology experiments described here, several groups of 5–15 students download a mobile app that can record time-series data from their phones using the phone’s vibrational sensors. This allows each device to record acceleration in the X, Y, and Z directions. We conduct quantitative experiments using student-created linear seismic arrays and deploy these arrays at prominent San Diego, California, landmarks that are known to vibrate in response to relatively small forces. These include the Spruce Street suspension footbridge in Hillcrest and the top floor of a parking garage at Southwestern College’s Higher Education Center. Our research team of students tested how these landmarks responded to different energy sources (people jumping, rocks dropping, and rubber mallet impacts). To model strike-slip fault motion, we also used a washing machine drip pan loaded with 150 pounds of sand that we attached to a car bumper using 4 × 48 inch bungee cords. For the experiment, the instructor drove forward at speeds of ∼5 mph, and the students recorded the “strike-slip” motions. Students studied individual event recordings and the collective suite of data presented as record sections. Concepts such as wavespeeds, wave types, noise, moveout, and reverberations were all discussed. These data exhibit several distinct sets of waves with different frequency characteristics that the students analyze. We found that when students record the data they study, they become more engaged in analyzing the results and postulating what the data impart.

System and method of drip test device for testing waterproof performance of large equipment

At present, the drip test device used in drip test is limited by the difficulty and cost of structural layout, so it is difficult to actively rotate the electrical equipment with large volume and weight, and can not meet the test requirements of various products. In view of the defects of the existing technology, this paper provides a water-proof performance drip test device, system and method. Through the active rotation of the drip pan, the rotation relative to the large-scale test equipment is generated, so as to meet the needs of the equipment waterproof performance test; and the corresponding equipment support is configured to make the equipment form the required angle state during the dripping test, which is convenient for large size Water proof test operation of electrical equipment. At the same time, it makes the test process easy for the staff to operate, has strong economic value and social significance, and can be widely used in testing units.

Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer in an Ejection Apparatus

The results of numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer in an ejection apparatus during condensation of vapor–gas mixture components on cold brine droplets are presented. The local parameters of working flows were determined by solving a system of differential heat transfer equations with account for the hydrodynamic pattern. Calculations were carried out on the assumption that the liquid spray is directed horizontally. The Stefan formula has been derived with reference to a spherical coordinate system. The results of calculation of heat and mass transfer rates with and without regard for steam condensation jointly with hydrocarbon vapors are compared and analyzed. Estimation of the effect exerted by the apparatus and drip pan walls on the general process of heat and mass transfer was carried out. The results of simulation made it possible to quantitatively estimate the influence of the adopted thickness of the diffusional boundary layer on the vapor–air mixture cooling effect.

Re-Engineering and Upgrade of a Semiautomated 3,000-hp Drilling Rig

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 164019, ’Re-Engineering and Upgrade of Semiautomated 3,000-hp Drilling Rig for KOC HP/HT Exploration Program in Frontier Areas—Case History of UPDC Rig 776,’ by A. Al-Saleh, SPE, M.D. Al-Khaldy, SPE, A.A. Shehab, SPE, F.A. Al-Naqa, SPE, and S. Baijal, Kuwait Oil Company; M.F. Karam and S. Schmidt, United Precision Drilling; and D.C. McKinnell, SPE, Total Kuwait, prepared for the 2013 SPE Middle East Unconventional Gas Conference and Exhibition, Muscat, Oman, 28-30 January. The paper has not been peer reviewed. In 2011, the Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) considered enhancement of equipment specifications for deep drilling rigs to integrate state-of-the- art technologies. UPDC Rig 776 was the first to be upgraded, and this work was handled as an integrated project by the rig contractor working closely with the field operator. With regard to the rig design, major changes were made to enhance safety, capacity, and automation of the drilling functions. Purpose of the Upgrade The drilling of future deep high-pressure/ high-temperature wells in Kuwait will become more challenging. New frontier areas with increased depth and formation difficulty are being targeted. To ensure that the deep drilling rigs will be able to meet these future challenges and to improve safety and operational performance, KOC has enhanced the deep-drilling- equipment specifications for their new contracts. For Rig 776, this required a major upgrade or replacement of all core rig components. The subbase height had to be increased to be able to incorporate a full 15,000-psi blowout-preventer (BOP) -stack rig-up. The topdrive system had to be upgraded to cope with higher mud-flow rates and pressures, and a control system for the driller was to be installed. Mud pumps were replaced with new 2,200-hp pumps, producing up to 7,500 psi. The rig power system was upgraded with five new 1,855-bhp (maximum) engines and a new selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system. An upgrade of the drawworks included an integrated disk brake system and installation of a semiautomated control system for the driller. The iron roughneck was enhanced. The mud system was upgraded. These improvements were aimed at enhancing safety, capacity, and automation of the drilling functions. In addition to these major changes, the rig camp was completely refurbished and the camp power generation was upgraded to silent packages. Rig-Upgrade Works Once Rig 776 finished drilling the last well before the upgrade, the rig was prepared for the yard work. As the rig commenced to rig down for the move to the project yard, all equipment had to be cleaned properly. The mud tanks had to undergo sand blasting before inspections could be conducted. The cleaned equipment was then moved to the project yard. The rig offices were set up in the project yard to provide extra office space. Subbase and Mast. The subbase height had to be increased by 10 ft. This was accomplished by changing out all existing subbase legs. With the new subbase height, all stairs, escape slides, piping and hoses, and the personnel elevator to the rig floor had to be modified or replaced and the V-door ramp had to be extended. In addition to increasing the height of the subbase, the entire subbase and mast underwent inspection and recertification. This required sand blasting of all components, inspection, and repainting. Any defects found had to be repaired, with parts replaced as needed. Once work on the subbase and mast was completed, a new 120-ton BOP hoist system had to be installed. The spill containment (drip pan) was replaced under the rig-floor area. On the rig floor, the existing ST-80 iron roughneck had to be replaced with a large-capacity IR10-100 roughneck. A new 20,000-lbm air tugger also was installed.

Analysis of the operation of two-phase vertical separators

The operation of gas-liquid separators was investigated by modeling with the finite element method (CFD) in the Star CD software package. A number of recommendations were developed for improving the design of the separators: positioning of the drip pan, mutual position of the feedstock inlet choke, drip pan, outlet choke, etc.

Nonisothermal flow in a conic liquid trap under conditions of atmosphere-free space

A nonisothermal film flow is considered, which is formed on the inside surface of a conic liquid trap, to the inlet of which a homogeneous flow of monodisperse droplet medium is delivered under conditions of atmosphere-free space. Asymptotic models of steady film flow are constructed and investigated for the conditions of inertial deposition of droplets under the assumption of small relative thickness of film and of the effect of secondary droplets formed upon deposition on the film surface. For a slow flow, the shape of the surface and the parameters of the film are found analytically. A parametric numerical investigation of distributions of velocity, temperature, and film thickness is performed for the general case. The parameters of flow in the inlet section of the offtake channel are found, and the conditions are determined which are required for maintaining a steady-state mode of operation of the drip pan.

Ways for increasing efficiency of a heat recovery unit

The authors present analysis of variants of using low-potential heat, which improve the efficiency of steam gas-fired boilers, air heating, and cleaning waste gases from toxic emissions in thermal machines. In order to achieve a more complete moisture removal from combustion products, an upgraded design of a contact heat recovery unit is proposed equipped with a drip pan with cooled packing.

Use of Octanoic Acid as a Postlethality Treatment To Reduce Listeria monocytogenes on Ready-to-Eat Meat and Poultry Products

The antilisterial efficacy and organoleptic impact of an octanoic acid (OA)–based treatment for ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and poultry products were investigated. Whole-muscle and comminuted RTE products were inoculated with a five-strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes. The OA treatments were applied to the surface of RTE products by dispensing a specific volume of solution directly into the final package prior to vacuum sealing. Once sealed, the vacuum-packaged RTE products containing OA were immersed in water heated to 93.3°C (200°F) for 2 s to effect adequate film shrinkage. Extending the time at which the packaged, treated RTE products were exposed to water heated to 93.3°C was also evaluated with a commercial cascading shrink tunnel fitted with a modified drip pan. Once treated, RTE products were examined for survivor populations of L. monocytogenes after 24 h of storage at 5°C. Sensory evaluation was conducted with a 60-member trained panel on 11 uninoculated, treated RTE products. The OA treatment of RTE products reduced L. monocytogenes numbers to between 0.85 log CFU per sample (oil-browned turkey) and 2.89 log CFU per sample (cured ham) when compared with controls. The antilisterial activity of OA was improved by increasing the duration of the heat shrink exposure. Specifically, reductions of L. monocytogenes ranged from 1.46 log CFU per sample (oil-browned turkey) to 3.34 log CFU per sample (cured ham). Results from the sensory evaluation demonstrated that 10 of the 11 treated RTE products were not perceived as different (P ≤ 0.05) from the untreated controls. Panelists detected reduced (P ≤ 0.05) smoke flavor intensity with treated mesquite turkey, although the treated product was viewed as acceptable. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of OA as a postlethality treatment meeting U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service regulatory guidelines for RTE meat and poultry products with minimal impact on sensory quality.

Ozone Treatment Regimen to Prevent Microbial Growth in Air-handling Systems

This article describes laboratory research for the purpose of testing the efficacy of ozone treatment conditions to inhibit microbial growth in air-conditioning systems. Biofilm formation around condensation coils and drip pans takes place from collection of particulate organic matter combined with condensation of moisture in an air-conditioning unit. Ozone treatment was carried out periodically within an isolated section of air-handling ductwork encompassing the chilling coils and drip pan in a laboratory-scale air-conditioning system. After each treatment was completed, the spent ozone in the isolated section was exhausted to the outside atmosphere external to the controlled environment and/or could alternatively be scrubbed or neutralized prior to re-entry into the controlled environment. Efficacy was demonstrated at various combinations of ozone concentration, duration of exposure, and treatment frequency.

The Society of Antiquaries' Sabbath Lamp

It is not surprising that the bronze oil lamp presented to the Society of Antiquaries by Sir Hans Sloane on 28 July 1736 (but ‘dug up at St Leonard's Hill, near Windsor’ in 1717 and published in 1718, fig 1) was considered to be Roman as it resembles oil lamps discovered in Herculaneum and Pompeii. However, the Roman lamps have a footring on their base, and not a drip pan, which is missing from the Society's lamp. It has since been identified as medieval. It resembles the thirteenth-century bronze sabbath lamp (fig 2) discovered in Bristol in 1976 on the site of New Jewry (1266–90) in Peter Street. The Bristol lamp has three spouts and the drip pan is also missing.

Waste Reduction Practices at Two Chromated Copper Arsenate Wood-Treating Plants

Abstract Two chromated copper arsenate (CCA) wood-treating plants were assessed for their waste reduction practices. The objectives of this study were to estimate the amount of hazardous wastes that a well-designed and well-maintained CCA treatment facility would generate and to identify waste reduction opportunities. These practices have been reflected in several areas, including facility designs, process controls, and management practices. The facility designs included enclosed treatment buildings, covered drip pads, a drip pan, an automatic lumber handling system, power rollers, computerized chemical mixing systems, spill containments, and air ventilation systems to minimize mist or droplet emissions from cylinders and work tanks. Management practices have included pretreatment quality control, improved housekeeping, resource recovery and recycling, and operator training.

Thermoactinomyces in Refrigerators

To the Editor.— I have discovered thermophilic actinomycetes ( Thermoactinomyces ) growing in 66% of frost-free home refrigerators surveyed. Samples were taken from the drip pans of 230 refrigerators from homes in Indiana, New Jersey, and Illinois. Thermoactinomyces , which is a known cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (farmer's lung), readily produces millions of spores during growth. More recently, I have isolated Thermoactinomyces from warm moist dirt at the outside bottom of a home freezer. Previously, Thermoactinomyces was found by others in overheated hay, grain, and bagasse, as well as in home heating systems and humidifiers. I suggest cleaning the drip pan with detergent once a month.

Drip Pan for Field Plot Sprinkle Irrigation

Drip Pan for Field Plot Sprinkle Irrigation