Drinking Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF THE NUMBER OF DEATHS DUE TO POISONING BY THE MOST COMMON POISONOUS SUBSTANCES IN THE LVIV REGION IN 2018-2023

Drunkenness is an acute social and cultural problem in Ukraine. Alcoholic poisoning occupies a leading position among household poisonings. Alcohol is the cause of more than 60% of all fatal poisonings. Each year, more than 40,000 people in Ukraine die from alcohol poisoning. Carbon monoxide poisoning also occupies a leading position, the statistics are very sad, adults die, children die. Poisoning with narcotics and psychotropic substances is a very urgent medical and social problem, which is far from being solved today. Aim of the work. To analyse the mortality rate due to poisoning by the most common types of poisons by age and sex of the deceased in Lviv and the region for the period 2018-2023. Materials and methods. In the work, a statistical analysis of expert conclusions from the archive of the Lviv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medicine for the period 2018-2023 was conducted. Results. The article provides quantitative indicators of cases of fatal poisoning, their prevalence trends, identifies the most common poisonous substances, and analyses mortality rates by age and sex. Conclusions. There is a downward trend in the total number of deaths due to poisoning. In 2023, the number of poisoning deaths will be almost halved compared to 2018. The most common poison is ethyl alcohol, 60% of people from the total number of poisonings, the second place in terms of number of deaths was carbon monoxide poisoning 21.5%, the third place was poisoning by narcotic substances 5.1%. Mortality due to poisoning in men is more than 5 times higher than in women, and men in their 40s and 50s die most often.

Detecting microfragments of glass in scar tissues

The identification of traumatic causes in the case of damage caused by sharp objects has always been one of the main issues of interest to the investigating authorities. Currently, forensic medicine allows for determining a specific acute traumatic object, including glass fragments. However, in the available literature, no information is available about the possibility of detecting microfragments of glass in the scar. Herein, the case of a man who suffered a chest wound is presented. The patient was brought to the hospital, where the wound was sutured. In the medical records, the wound was described as a stab wound and could have been caused by a knife. The accused categorically denied inflicting a knife wound on this person and argued that the victim was in a state of severe alcoholic intoxication and fell repeatedly, including on a sideboard, glass from which was found during an inspection of the scene. Four months later, the victim died from alcohol poisoning. A forensic medical examination was conducted to confirm the possibility of injury from glass fragments from the sideboard. A scar was identified on the victim’s chest. Microparticles were found in the scar tissue, and their characteristics led to the conclusion that they were microfragments of colorless, transparent glass. Determining the presence of glass microfragments in scar tissue does not require complex technical equipment and are common in wide expert practice; their use has confirmed the possibility of detecting glass microfragments not only in soft tissues along the wound channel but also in scar tissue after wound healing.

Supplemental Material for Profiles of Alcohol Intoxication and Their Associated Risks in Young Adults’ Natural Settings: A Multilevel Latent Profile Analysis Applied to Daily Transdermal Alcohol Concentration Data

Supplemental Material for Profiles of Alcohol Intoxication and Their Associated Risks in Young Adults’ Natural Settings: A Multilevel Latent Profile Analysis Applied to Daily Transdermal Alcohol Concentration Data

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a patient without corpus callosum: A case report.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a well-established condition typically presenting with disabling orthostatic headache. Corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) is one of the most common human brain malformations with a wide spectrum of associated malformations, chromosomal abnormalities, and clinical syndromes. A 53-year-old woman presented with recurrent orthostatic headache for about 1 month. The head computed tomography examination of the patient showed CCA and the initial pressure of subsequent lumbar puncture was only 5 centimeters cerebrospinal fluid. Magnetic resonance imaging examination confirmed CCA with gray matter heterotopia. The final diagnose was SIH related headache with CCA. The patient's symptom improved after oral hydration, intravenous fluids, and bed rest. Favorable outcome was observed. Although this co-occurrence of SIH and CCA is probably coincidental, this finding suggests that the developmental malformations of the brain may lead to structural changes in brain tissue or disturbances in cerebrospinal fluid production and reflux, resulting in pathological changes over time.

Food from Equids-Commercial Fermented Mare's Milk (Koumiss) Products: Protective Effects against Alcohol Intoxication.

Fermented mare's milk (koumiss), a traditional Central Asian dairy product derived from fermented mare's milk, is renowned for its unique sour taste and texture. It has long been consumed by nomadic tribes for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the protective effects of koumiss against alcohol-induced harm across behavioral, hematological, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and reproductive dimensions using a mouse model. Optimal intoxicating doses of alcohol and koumiss doses were determined, and their effects were explored through sleep tests and blood indicator measurements. Pretreatment with koumiss delayed inebriation, accelerated sobering, and reduced mortality in mice, mitigating alcohol's impact on blood ethanol levels and various physiological parameters. Histopathological and molecular analyses further confirmed koumiss's protective role against alcohol-induced damage in the liver, stomach, small intestine, and reproductive system. Transcriptomic studies on reproductive damage indicated that koumiss exerts its benefits by influencing mitochondrial and ribosomal functions and also shows promise in mitigating alcohol's effects on the reproductive system. In summary, koumiss emerges as a potential natural agent for protection against alcohol-induced harm, opening avenues for future research in this field.

A case study of impaired consciousness caused by alcohol consumption in apediatric patient taking high-dose cefixime.

A variety of drugs have been known to induce disulfiram-like reactions in individuals exposed to ethanol, including certain cephalosporin antibiotics with methylthiotetrazole (MTT) substituents or methylthiodioxotriazine (MTDT) rings. Among cephalosporins, cefixime is known to cause fewer disulfiram-like reactions. This case report, the first involving a pediatric patient, presents the scenario of a 14-year-old female who exhibited drowsiness, loss of consciousness, and cold extremities within an hour after ingesting 9 cefixime capsules. Upon admission, drug intoxication was considered, prompting immediate gastric lavage and toxicology tests, which revealed the presence of both cefixime and alcohol. Subsequent monitoring of vital signs, rehydration, and symptomatic treatments aimed at facilitating toxic excretion were administered during hospitalization. Following initial assessment by a clinical pharmacist, drug intoxication was deemed improbable, though an atypical disulfiram-like reaction or alcohol intoxication could not be ruled out. Further evaluation, coupled with the child's cefixime overdose, suggested an atypical disulfiram-like reaction. This case underscores the potential for disulfiram reactions even with cephalosporins lacking MTT substituents or MTDT rings. Notably, it is the first report of an atypical disulfiram-like reaction triggered by alcohol consumption following cefixime overdose, emphasizing the importance of caution in cefixime usage and avoidance of alcohol or alcohol-containing substances.

A Case of Pulmonary Edema Induced by Acute Alcoholic Intoxication

A Case of Pulmonary Edema Induced by Acute Alcoholic Intoxication

Alcohol hangover recognized as a separate medical condition in ICD-11: could effective treatments be counterproductive?

Recently, the alcohol hangover has been accepted by the International Classification of Diseases - 11th revision as a separate 'child entity' to alcohol intoxication, a disease. Currently there are no marketed hangover treatments with support for clinical efficacy. Furthermore, diverse perspectives exist among healthcare professionals, policymakers, and alcohol consumers regarding the necessity and desirability of developing such treatments.

Contrast-induced nephropathy: nursing interventions - a scoping review

Abstract Introduction Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) refers to a reduction in renal function following contrast administration, excluding other causes. It is characterized by na increase in creatinine levels of 0.5mg/dl or greater, or a 25% increase over baseline creatinine, occurring 48 to 72 hours post-contrast administration and lasting for 2 to 5 days (Santos et al., 2011). Antunes et al. (2013) refers that the CIN is the 3rd cause of acute renal insufficiency (ARI) and that CIN may develop in up to 55% of patients who receive contrast exposure during coronary angiography and of these may result in 12,6% requiring dialysis among high-risk groups following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (Wu et al., 2022). Objective This review aims to map the available evidence regarding nursing interventions to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing PCI. Methods The review follows the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute guided by the PCC (Population, Concept, Context) strategy. Were identified 44 articles by MEDLINE Complete (via PubMed), CINAHL Complete (via EBSCO) e SciELO, and analyzed/ selected through PRISMA Scr flowchart. Four articles were included. Results These articles revealed that the incidence of CIN varies based on risk factors such as age, hypertension, and pre-existing chronic kidney disease. As there is no specific treatment for contrast-induced nephropathy, prevention strategies are essential. Nursing professionals have a significant and privileged role in the pre-, intra-, and post-procedural phases, and thus, are best positioned to implement prevention strategies for CIN. In general, hospitals that implemented improvement interventions reduced CIN by 21% compared to the pre-intervention phase. Compared to patients with pre-existing CKD, the reduction was 28% (Lambert et al., 2017). Teams also report important successes in implementing improvements, such as changing behavior with greater awareness of CIN prevention strategies, implementing the hydration protocol, standardizing medical prescriptions and minimizing the volume of contrast administered. Conclusions Nursing plays a crucial and privileged role in preventing CIN. Key interventions involve conducting a thorough initial assessment to identify individuals at risk for CIN (considering factors such as age, comorbidities, nephrotoxic medication, and dehydration). Pioli et al. (2023) found that oral hydration can be effective in the process of preventing CIN, before and after elective percutaneous procedures. It concluded that the oral hydration protocol carried out by nurses proved to be as effective as the hospital intravenous hydration protocol in protecting the kidneys of individuals at risk of developing CIN associated with elective coronary interventions (Picture 1). By implementing these strategies, nursing professionals can effectively contribute to reducing the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing PCI.

Abstracts of the Toxicology and Poisons Network Australasia (TAPNA) 2024 Annual Scientific Meeting (Melbourne, Victoria).

Background Toxic alcohol poisoning is uncommon in New South Wales (NSW). Inadequate treatment causes significant morbidity and mortality. Management priorities are diagnosis, and early treatment with alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) blockade and extracorporeal treatments (ECTRs). Fomepizole is a potent ADH inhibitor available in Australia but its use and role, compared to ethanol, is uncertain. We describe the epidemiology, management and outcomes of suspected significant toxic alcohol poisonings in NSW. Methods We searched databases of the NSW Poisons Information Centre, five tertiary clinical toxicology services and Statewide retrieval services. We included all patients with known or suspected toxic alcohol poisoning referred to a clinical toxicologist and included all patients who received treatment with ADH blockade. Patients were subdivided on the basis of whether toxic alcohol poisoning was confirmed or excluded. Data extracted included demographics, details of the exposure, management (including treatment delays and monitoring of ethanol therapy (if received), outcomes and complications). Categorical data were described as frequencies and percentages, and continuous data were described as median and interquartile ranges. Results Among 198 patients between 2015 and 2023, 36 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Toxic alcohols ingested included ethylene glycol (29), diethylene glycol (5), and methanol (1); 12 co-ingested ethanol. Toxic alcohol poisoning was confirmed by history or specific assays in 35 cases. Delay to presentation was median 3 h (IQR 2–9; 20). Delay from hospital presentation to initiating ADH blockade was median 3 h (IQR 2–7; 27). Three were diagnosed after developing unexplained AKI. Four patients received fomepizole and 27 received ethanol therapy. In the 20 patients who received ethanol for ≥24 h, blood ethanol concentrations were measured median 5.5 times (IQR 4-11) in the first 24 h, and 9 had at least 2 subtherapeutic levels. 21 patients received ECTR, which was initiated within median 7 h (IQR 4-11). Excluding 3 patients who did not receive treatment due to delayed diagnosis, 18 developed complications (acute kidney injury 16, neurotoxicity 8, death 3). In 18 ethanol-treated patients, fomepizole would have offered key advantages, including avoiding ICU (9), facilitating transport (7), and delaying and/or foregoing ECTR (6). Discussion There are potential benefits of fomepizole use in NSW.

Incidence of alcoholic intoxication in injured patients who assisted to the Emergency Room Service at the ilitary Central Hospital in 1999..

Antecedentes. La intoxicación alcohólica tiene una gran frecuencia como causa de atención en los servicios de urgencias en pacientes lesionados, los cuales se constituyen como casos médico-legales y requieren la determinación de la severidad de la intoxicación a través de métodos clínicos o bioquímicos. Objetivo. Determinar la incidencia de intoxicación alcohólica en pacientes lesionados que acuden al Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Central Militar. Método. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo. Cada paciente atendido en el Servicio de Urgencias en 1999 fue estudiado revisando su expediente en los archivos del Departamento de Medicina Legal. El análisis estadístico incluyó determinación de valores porcentuales, así como correlación entre el resto de las variables. Resultado. De un total de 36,056 pacientes, 2,261 tuvieron al menos un tipo de lesión (6.3%), 114 pacientes (5.04%) tuvieron intoxicación alcohólica. La edad promedio fue de 26 años y se observó mayor frecuencia en hombres (97%). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de intoxicación alcohólica en pacientes lesionados atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencias (HCM) fue de 5.04%. La multiplicidad y severidad de las lesiones observadas indican la necesidad de mejorar los programas de prevención, así como la detección y el manejo oportuno en esta población.

An orbitocortical-thalamic circuit suppresses binge alcohol-drinking.

Alcohol consumption remains a significant global health challenge, causing millions of direct and indirect deaths annually. Intriguingly, recent work has highlighted the prefrontal cortex, a major brain area that regulates inhibitory control of behaviors, whose activity becomes dysregulated upon alcohol abuse. However, whether an endogenous mechanism exists within this brain area that limits alcohol consumption is unknown. Here we identify a discrete GABAergic neuronal ensemble in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) that is selectively recruited during binge alcohol-drinking and intoxication. Upon alcohol intoxication, this neuronal ensemble suppresses binge drinking behavior. Optogenetically silencing of this population, or its ablation, results in uncontrolled binge alcohol consumption. We find that this neuronal ensemble is specific to alcohol and is not recruited by other rewarding substances. We further show, using brain-wide analysis, that this neuronal ensemble projects widely, and that its projections specifically to the mediodorsal thalamus are responsible for regulating binge alcohol drinking. Together, these results identify a brain circuit in the mOFC that serves to protect against binge drinking by halting alcohol intake. These results provide valuable insights into the complex nature of alcohol abuse and offers potential avenues for the development of mOFC neuronal ensemble-targeted interventions.

UPLC-QTOF-MS characterized, herbal medicine, pancogrit modulates NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways in cell-based model of TNF-α dependent acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis develops as a local inflammatory condition of the pancreas due to a wide range of factors including overdose of alcohol or drugs, gall stones, etc. At present, medications based on herbal formulations have gained importance due to their better safety profile. Current study assessed the pharmacological effects of Pancogrit, an herbal medicine, in caerulein and TNF-α-induced in vitro pancreatitis models. A comprehensive evaluation of phytometabolites present in Pancogrit was conducted and 85 phytometabolites were identified through UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-UV. The bioactivity and mode of action of Pancogrit were assessed in caerulein-induced AR42J (rat pancreatic acinar) cells, TNF-α-induced PANC-1 (human pancreatic duct) cells, and NF-κB reporter cells. Pancogrit was found to decrease the elevated amylase and lipase activity in caerulein-induced AR42J cells. It ameliorated the increased ROS levels, IL-6, IL-8 release and NF-κB activity in TNF-α-induced PANC-1 and NF-κB reporter cells. Pancogrit also downregulated IL-6, IL-1β, ICAM-1, and STAT3 gene expression in PANC-1 cells. Moreover, Pancogrit inhibited the protein expression levels of phosphorylated STAT3, phosphorylated and total JAK2 in TNF-α-induced PANC-1 cells. Taken together, Pancogrit is a clinically relevant therapeutic agent for mitigation of pancreatitis.

Sexual risk behaviour among in-school adolescents in Central America

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to assess sexual risk behaviours among young people in Central America. Secondary data were analysed from 15,807 school adolescents (mean age = 14.4 years) who were part of the most recent cross-sectional Global School Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in six Central American countries. Results show that almost a quarter (24.3%) of participants had sexual initiation, with 19.7% in Guatemala and 40.9% in Panama. Among those students who had sexual initiation, 51.7% had it early (≤14 years), 27.7% had non-condom use, 45.1% had non-birth control use and 41.5% had multiple sexual partners. Older age (≥15 years), male sex, psychological distress, suicide attempt, bullying victimization, school truancy, in physical fight, history of alcohol intoxication, trouble from alcohol use, no physical education, physical injury, soft drink intake and low parental support were associated with sexual risk behaviours. One in four adolescents in the Central America had sexual risk behaviours, calling for interventions.

Trigonelline, a Fenugreek Bioactive compound protects Heart tissue against alcohol intoxication: An in-vivo study focusing on antioxidant perspective

BackgroundTrigonella foenum-graecum, commonly known as fenugreek and it is used as a spice. It has antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antilipedemic and other pharmocological properties. ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to detect the cardio protective activity of Trigonelline (TG) a bioactive compound of Trigonella foenum-graecum (TF) in alcohol intoxicated rats. Material and methodsThe young wistar strain albino rats are divided in to 5 groups and treatment was given as per the experimental protocol. Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are estimated in cardiac tissue of all experimental groups. Cardiac markers creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), troponin-T (TT), troponin-I (TI), myoglobin (MG) and serum markers alanine transaminase (AAT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are estimated. Free radical scavenging activities like 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical are estimated in ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum. ResultsSOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH activities are depleted and MDA, CK-MB, TT, TI, MG and AAT, AST, ALP activities are elevated in alcohol intoxicated rats. Trigonelline supplementation to alcoholic rats for 30 days elevated antioxidant enzymes, depleted MDA, cardiac markers and serum markers in alcohol intoxicated rats. Free radical scavenging assay also reported that Trigonella foenum-graecum possess free radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, our histopathological evidence also proved that TG protected the cardiac tissue from alcohol induced toxicity in all the experimental rats. ConclusionOur study concluded that TG may be useful to the alcoholic and myocardial infarction subjects.

A Novel and Simple Method for a Differentiation of Alcohol Types.

Alcohol poisoning is a significant global problem that has become an epidemic. The determination of the alcohol type is hereby essential as it may affect the course of the treatment; however, there is no routine laboratory diagnostic method for alcohol types other than for ethanol. In this study, we aimed to define a simple method for alcohol type differentiation by utilizing a combination of breathalyzer and spectrophotometrically measured serum ethanol results. A breathalyzer and spectrophotometry were used to measure four different types of alcohol: ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol. To conduct serum alcohol analysis, four serum pools were created, each containing a different type of alcohol. The pools were analyzed using the spectrophotometric method with an enzymatic ethanol test kit. An experiment was conducted to measure the different types of alcohol using impreg-nated cotton and a balloon, simulating a breathalyzer test. An algorithm was created based on the measurements. Based on the results, the substance consumed could be methanol or isopropanol if the breathalyzer test indicates a positive reading and if the blood ethanol measurement is negative. If both the breathalyzer and the blood measurements are negative, the substance in question may be ethylene glycol. This simple method may determine methanol or isopropanol intake. This straightforward and innovative approach could assist healthcare professionals in different fields with diagnosing alcohol intoxication and, more precisely, help reducing related morbidity and mortality.

Influence of the leuzea uniflora and klasea centauroides dry extracts on the brain during prolonged alcohol intoxication

Influence of the leuzea uniflora and klasea centauroides dry extracts on the brain during prolonged alcohol intoxication

Drinker driver flyer diver.

Blood alcohol concentrations above defined levels are detrimental to cognitive performance. Empirical and published evidence suggest that nitrogen narcosis is analogous to alcohol intoxication with both impairing prefrontal cortex function. Nitrogen narcosis is also known to have been a factor in fatal accidents. To examine the effects of nitrogen narcosis, a recent publication used the Iowa Gambling Task tool, to simulate dynamic real-life risky decision-making behaviour. If the reported outcomes are corroborated in larger rigorously designed studies it is likely to provide further evidence that divers may well experience the negative effects of a 'narcotic agent', even at relatively shallow depths. These deleterious effects may occur regardless of diving experience, aptitude or professional status. In 1872, English law made it an offence to be 'drunk' whilst in charge of horses, carriages, cattle and steam engines. Understanding the danger was easy, establishing who is 'drunk' in the eyes of the court required a legal definition. Driving above a 'legal limit' for alcohol was made illegal in the United Kingdom in 1967. The limit was set at 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. It took just short of one hundred years to get from first introducing a restriction to specific activities, whilst under the influence of alcohol, to having a clear and well-defined enforceable law. The question surely is whether our modern society will tolerate another century before legally defining safe parameters for nitrogen narcosis?

Diagnostic Usefulness of Disialotransferrin as an Indicator of Binge Drinking in Children and Adolescents.

Background/Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of changes in transferrin isoforms, especially disialo-Tf, in identifying binge drinking children and adolescents admitted to hospital emergency. Methods: The study group consisted of 122 ambulatory children and adolescents below 18 years of age and 30 healthy subjects. From the group of drinkers, those with acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) were identified (ICD-11, code F10.0). The isoforms of transferrin were separated by capillary electrophoresis into five major fractions: asialo-Tf, disialo-Tf, trisialo-Tf, tetrasialo-Tf, and pentasialo-Tf. The differences between binge drinking youth and nondrinking subjects were evaluated by Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: In the total study group and in both genders, the concentration of disialo-Tf was significantly higher in the binge drinkers compared to the nondrinking youth (p = 0.006). With respect to the gender, the level of disialo-Tf was significantly higher in binge drinking than nondrinking girls (p = 0.028) and the value of trisialo-Tf was lower in binge drinking than nondrinking boys (p = 0.011). In the AAI subgroup, the concentrations of disialo-Tf and tetrasialo-Tf were significantly higher in comparison to nondrinking subjects (p = 0.002, p = 0.039, respectively). There were no significant correlations between the BAC and the transferrin isoforms in the total group and the AAI subgroup. The disialo-Tf reached the highest diagnostic power (AUC = 0.718) in identifying binge drinkers at diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of 86.7% and 51.6%, respectively (at cut-off 0.70), in the total group and it was growing up to AUC = 0.761 with the diagnostic sensitivity of 60% in the AAI subgroup. Conclusions: The disialo-Tf might be a useful biomarker to identify binge drinking children and adolescents.

Prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse under influence of alcohol among Thai adolescents: lessons from a nationwide school-based survey.

Having sex under the influence of alcohol is a risky behavior and this study explored its prevalence and correlates among school-going Thai adolescents. The data from the 2021 Thailand Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), including a nationally representative sample of students in grades 7-12th, was used to extract the relevant variables including demographic, psychosocial, substance use, and risky sex behaviors. Logistic regression was used to assess the odds of engaging in sex while intoxicated across the independent variables while accounting for age and sex differences. Approximately 30.45 % of respondents reported alcohol intoxication and 37.75 % reported engaging in sexualintercourse while intoxicated at least once. Older adolescents (>14 years), males, and those in 11 and 12 grades were more likely to engage in sexual intercourse while intoxicated. Psychosocial factors such as loneliness and anxiety-induced insomnia were associated with increased likelihood, particularly among females. Substance use, including marijuana and amphetamine use, as well as cigarette smoking, correlated with higher odds of engaging in sexual intercourse while intoxicated. Both genders who engaged in sex while intoxicated reported having multiple sexual partners, with males more likely to use condoms. The intricate relationship between poor mental health, substance use, and risky sex behaviors along with their association with sex under alcohol influence emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to address the common risk factors and implement effective school-based screening strategies to identify the risk groups, educate them, and prevent the burden of risky sex under alcohol intoxication.